RESUMO
Declining health and food security status among low-income immigrants in the U.S. may result from limited access to healthful, cultural foods and safety net programs. We held focus group discussions with low-income Cambodian and Brazilian immigrants (11 groups, n = 84) living in Massachusetts. Cambodians and Brazilians valued healthful, cultural foods, emphasizing their beliefs that cultural foods are healthier and beneficial for weight management and aging. Although both groups could access these foods, some individuals had difficulty affording them. Cambodians reported that food quality decreased over the month due to inadequate resources. Cambodians relied on SNAP, WIC, families, and food pantries; however, Brazilians generally did not participate in safety net programs. Barriers to accessing and using safety nets appear to limit diet quality for some immigrant families. Targeted nutrition interventions should build on current knowledge of and desire for healthful, cultural foods in the context of available safety nets.
Assuntos
Dieta Saudável/economia , Dieta Saudável/etnologia , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Assistência Alimentar/estatística & dados numéricos , Abastecimento de Alimentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil/etnologia , Camboja/etnologia , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade , Características Culturais , Dieta Saudável/normas , Feminino , Grupos Focais , Abastecimento de Alimentos/economia , Abastecimento de Alimentos/normas , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Massachusetts/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pobreza/etnologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Immigrants and refugees to the United States exhibit relatively low levels of physical activity, but reasons for this disparity are poorly understood. 16 gender and age-stratified focus groups were conducted among 127 participants from heterogenous immigrant and refugee groups (Cambodian, Mexican, Somali, Sudanese) in a small Minnesota urban community. We found many similarities in perceived barriers and facilitators to physical activity between heterogeneous immigrant and refugee groups. While the benefits of physical activity were widely acknowledged, lack of familiarity and comfort with taking the first steps towards being physically active were the most significant barriers to physical activity. Participants described being motivated by social support from family, friends, and communities to be physically active. Our findings suggest that shared experiences of immigration and associated social, economic, and linguistic factors influence how physical activity is understood, conceptualized and practiced.
Assuntos
Atitude Frente a Saúde , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/psicologia , Atividade Motora , Refugiados/psicologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Camboja/etnologia , Criança , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na Comunidade , Feminino , Grupos Focais , Humanos , Masculino , México/etnologia , Minnesota , Somália/etnologia , Sudão/etnologiaRESUMO
Este artigo procura defender três proposições. Primeiramente, é improvável que as Câmaras Extraordinárias nos tribunais do Camboja (conhecidas informalmente como Julgamentos do Khmer Vermelho) alcancem os principais objetivos apresentados por seus proponentes. Em segundo lugar, esse tribunal corre o risco de causar danos. Em terceiro lugar, outros processos culturalmente específicos têm uma chance maior de causar um impacto de longo prazo e satisfazer as vítimas.
This article seeks to defend three propositions. First, the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of Cambodia (informally known as the Khmer Rouge Trials) is unlikely to achieve any of the primary goals put forward by its proponents. Second, the Court runs the risk of doing harm. Third, it becomes apparent that other culturally-specific processes have a greater chance at making a long-term impact and satisfying victims.
Este artículo intenta defender tres propuestas. En primer lugar, es muy improbable que las Cámaras Extraordinarias de los Tribunales de Camboya (informalmente conocidas como los Juicios de los Jémeres Rojos) consigan alcanzar alguno de los objetivos fundamentales fijados por sus partidarios. En segundo lugar, la Corte corre el riesgo de hacer daño también. En tercer lugar, otros procesos de mayor especificidad cultural tendrán mayores posibilidades de influir a largo plazo y de satisfacer a las víctimas.
Assuntos
Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Direitos Humanos , Julgamento Moral Retrospectivo , Vítimas de Crime/história , Camboja/etnologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Asthma prevalence for different ethnic groups in the United States, beyond white, black and Hispanic, is seldom reported. We compared the prevalence of asthma diagnosis among various Hispanic and Asian American ethnic subgroups using data collected from the school-based California Healthy Kids Survey. METHODS: The California Healthy Kids Survey was administered to 462 147 public school students in the seventh, ninth, and 11th grades throughout California during the 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 school years. Prevalence of lifetime asthma diagnosis was calculated for 11 Asian American Pacific Islander subgroups and 8 Hispanic subgroups. RESULTS: Asthma prevalence among Hispanic subgroups ranged from 13.2% for Mexican American students to 22.8% for Puerto Rican students and 23.0% among Cuban American students. Lifetime asthma diagnosis among the 11 Asian American Pacific Islander subgroups ranged from 10.9% among Korean American students to 23.8% among Filipino American students. CONCLUSIONS: The survey revealed substantial variation in asthma prevalence between the different Hispanic and Asian American Pacific Islander subgroups and that Pacific Islanders, Filipinos, Cubans, and Puerto Ricans are at elevated risk for asthma. Differences in the distributions of characteristics related to country of birth, residential history, generational status, and/or degree of acculturation might account for much of the observed differences in asthma prevalence between ethnic subgroups. Previous asthma prevalence estimates for Asians or Hispanics are in part a function of the particular ethnic composition of the population under investigation. We suggest that asthma studies that include a substantial number of Asian Pacific Islander and Hispanic persons use a more detailed categorization of race/ethnicity.
Assuntos
Asiático/estatística & dados numéricos , Asma/etnologia , Hispânico ou Latino/estatística & dados numéricos , Havaiano Nativo ou Outro Ilhéu do Pacífico/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Asiático/classificação , California/epidemiologia , Camboja/etnologia , América Central/etnologia , Criança , China/etnologia , Cuba/etnologia , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Hispânico ou Latino/classificação , Humanos , Índia/etnologia , Japão/etnologia , Coreia (Geográfico)/etnologia , Laos/etnologia , Masculino , México/etnologia , Havaiano Nativo ou Outro Ilhéu do Pacífico/classificação , Ilhas do Pacífico/etnologia , Filipinas/etnologia , Prevalência , Porto Rico/etnologia , Risco , América do Sul/etnologia , Vietnã/etnologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: This study determined the prevalence of food insecurity and hunger in low-income legal immigrants. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of Latino and Asian legal immigrants attending urban clinics and community centers in California, Texas, and Illinois with a food security questionnaire. RESULTS: Among 630 respondents, 40% of the households were food insecure without hunger and 41% were food insecure with hunger. Independent predictors of hunger were income below federal poverty level (odds ratio [OR] = 2.72, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.72, 4.30), receipt of food stamps (OR = 2.53, 95% CI = 1.57, 4.09), Latino ethnicity (OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.49, 3.82), and poor English (OR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.10, 2.82). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of hunger among low-income legal immigrants is unacceptably high. Access to food assistance programs is important for the health and well-being of this population.
Assuntos
Emigração e Imigração , Fome , Adulto , California/epidemiologia , Camboja/etnologia , Distribuição de Qui-Quadrado , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Illinois/epidemiologia , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , México/etnologia , Pobreza , Prevalência , Inquéritos e Questionários , Texas/epidemiologia , Vietnã/etnologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare Cambodian and Central American adolescent refugees to Quebec with their Quebec-born peers in regard to emotional and behavioural problems, feelings of competence, and risk-behaviour profiles, and to examine relations between emotional variables and living conditions in the 3 groups. METHOD: The sample consisted of 76 Cambodian, 82 Central American and 67 Québécois youth living in the Montreal area. The teenagers' internalization and externalization symptoms were assessed using the Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) and the Youth Self-Report (YSR); the YSR also provided a measure of their feelings of competence. Risk behaviour was reported by the teenagers. The socioeconomic status of the teenagers' households was taken into account in multiple regression analyses conducted for each group. RESULTS: The level of emotional and behavioural problems reported by teenagers was lowest in Central Americans and highest in Québécois; the latter group also reported more risk behaviours than did either refugee group. The socioeconomic status of the Cambodian and Central American refugee households was lower than that of the Québécois. Living conditions were not a major determinant of emotional distress in young Cambodians, but low annual income was associated with internalizing symptoms among Central American youth. The most powerful predictor of externalizing symptoms among the Québécois youth was having a single-parent household. CONCLUSION: This study underscores the contrast between the living conditions of young Cambodian and Central American refugees to Quebec and those of Quebec-born youth. These refugees' precarious socioeconomic status is not accompanied by an increase in adolescents' emotional and behavioural problems.
Assuntos
Sintomas Afetivos/etnologia , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/etnologia , Comparação Transcultural , Etnicidade/psicologia , Refugiados/psicologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Adolescente , Sintomas Afetivos/psicologia , Camboja/etnologia , América Central/etnologia , Transtornos do Comportamento Infantil/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Controle Interno-Externo , Masculino , Quebeque , Fatores de Risco , Pais Solteiros/psicologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/etnologia , Transtornos de Estresse Pós-Traumáticos/psicologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To compare the types and rates of psychiatric symptoms of young Central American and Cambodian refugees, as reported by both parents and children, and to examine parent-child agreement in reporting symptoms. METHOD: Interviews were conducted with 123 children aged 8 to 12 years and 158 adolescents aged 12 to 16 years and their parents. Parents assessed psychiatric symptoms via the Child Behavior Checklist, the 8- to 12-year-olds responded to the Dominic, and the adolescents answered the Youth Self-Report. Means of Internalizing and Externalizing scores were compared on the basis of ethnic origin, parent's sex, and child's sex, as were the Spearman correlation coefficients of parents' and children's ratings. RESULTS: The Cambodian parents reported few symptoms in their children, and the Central Americans reported almost as many symptoms as did parents in U.S. clinical samples. The Cambodian children reported less symptoms than the Central Americans, but the interethnic difference was not significant in the adolescents' self-reports. Parent-child agreement varied considerably by sex and ethnic origin of the informant. CONCLUSIONS: The results underscore the need to involve multiple informants in assessing psychiatric symptoms of refugee children in spite of the difficulties inherent in field research with this population. They also show that data on multiple informants gathered from Western samples are not universally valid.
Assuntos
Comparação Transcultural , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Relações Pais-Filho , Refugiados/psicologia , Adolescente , Camboja/etnologia , América Central/etnologia , Criança , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Quebeque , Autoavaliação (Psicologia) , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
The treatment of refugee survivors of torture and trauma has attracted increasing clinical attention. The present study surveyed therapists concerning the emphasis that was placed on disclosure of previous traumatic experiences in therapy with refugees from Chile and Cambodia. Significant differences were found between the two groups with trauma story discussion being judged by therapists to be more important to treatment outcome in Chilean patients. The problem of potential therapist bias limits definitive conclusions, however we suggest that differences in cultural preparedness for psychotherapy aimed at uncovering previous traumatic experiences may be the main reason for variations in styles of therapy offered to these distinctive ethnic groups. Other possible explanations are differences in diagnostic profiles and types of previous traumatic experiences.