RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. Epidemiological and quality of life (QoL) data in patients with cervical cancer from low- and middle-income countries are scarce. We aimed to describe sociodemographic and clinicopathological characteristics and quality of life of patients with cervical cancer at diagnosis in Brazil. METHODS: EVITA is a prospective cohort study of newly diagnosed patients with cervical cancer from May 2016 to December 2017, stages I-IVB, from 16 Brazilian sites representing the five Brazilian regions. At baseline, medical evaluation was performed and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-CX24/C30 questionnaires were administered. RESULTS: A total of 631 patients were included. Mean±SD age was 49.3±13.9 years; skin color was non-white in 65.3%, and 68.0% had ≤8 years of formal education. In total, 85.1% of patients had a Pap smear. The main reasons reported by patients for not having a Pap smear were: lack of interest (46.9%), shame or embarrassment (19.7%), lack of knowledge (19.7%), and difficulty with access (9.1%). Most patients were diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic disease (FIGO clinical stage II-IV in 81.8%- stage II in 35.2%, stage III in 36.1%, and stage IV in 10.5%). Patients with clinical stage III-IV had worse physical functioning and role functioning. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical cancer in Brazil is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage. Most patients have low formal education and are unemployed. Lack of interest was identified as a main reason for not having a screening test, and limited access was reported as a reason by <10% of the patients. Awareness campaigns must be a governmental priority, specially focused on the needy population, along with wide access to treatment.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/epidemiologia , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Programas de Rastreamento/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/epidemiologia , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/psicologia , Feminino , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Teste de Papanicolaou/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Prospectivos , Qualidade de Vida , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/psicologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To gather information on penile cancer epidemiologic trends and its economic impact on the Brazilian Public Health System across the last 25 years. METHODS: The Brazilian Public Health System database was used as the primary source of data from January 1992 to December 2017. Mortality and incidence data from the Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva was collected using the International Classification of Diseases ICD10 C60. Demographic data from the Brazilian population was obtained from the last census by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, performed in 2010 and its 2017 review. RESULTS: There were 9,743 hospital admissions related to penile cancer from 1992 to 2017. There was a reduction (36%) in the absolute number of admissions per year related to penile cancer in 2017, as compared to 1992 (2.7versus 1.7 per 100,000; p<0.001). The expenses with admissions related to this condition in this period were US$ 3,002,705.73 (US$ 115,488.68/year). Approximately 38% of the total amount was spent in Northeast Region. In 1992, penile cancer costed US$ 193,502.05 to the public health system, while in 2017, it reduced to US$ 47,078.66 (p<0.02). Penile cancer incidence in 2017 was 0.43/100,000 male Brazilian, with the highest incidence rate found in the Northeast Region. From 1992 to 2017, the mortality rates of penile cancer in Brazil were 0.38/100,000 man, and 0.50/100,000 man in the North Region. CONCLUSION: Despite the decrease in admissions, penile cancer still imposes a significant economic and social burden to the Brazilian population and the Public Health System.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/psicologia , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias Penianas/psicologia , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/mortalidade , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Custos e Análise de Custo , Hospitalização/economia , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Penianas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Penianas/patologia , Saúde PúblicaRESUMO
The sense of coherence (SOC) is a measure of global orientation regarding the ability of individuals to cope with stressful situations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between SOC and quality of life (QoL) and clinical and sociodemographic characteristics among survivors of oral, oropharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx cancer. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 90 cancer patients in follow up at the Santa Maria University Hospital in southern Brazil who had completed conformal 3D radiotherapy at least three months earlier. QoL was assessed using the University of Washington Quality of Life (UW-QOL) questionnaire and SOC was measured using the Brazilian version of the SOC-13 questionnaire. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and the disease were obtained from patients' charts. Oral clinical conditions were also evaluated. Associations between exploratory variables and mean UW-QOL scores were evaluated through Poisson regression and the results were presented as rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The mean overall UW-QOL score was 67.90 (± 18.71). Moderate and high SOC scores were associated with higher mean UW-QOL scores, that is, individuals with a stronger SOC demonstrated better QoL, (p < 0.05). Regarding the clinical variables, individuals with advanced stage cancer and those with hyposalivation and trismus had poorer QoL (p < 0.05). Patients with a greater SOC reported a better quality of life. Our findings show the importance of focusing on psychosocial factors, which can alleviate the impact caused by the disease and improve the QoL of these patients.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/psicologia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/psicologia , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Senso de Coerência , Idoso , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Valores de Referência , Análise de Regressão , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Inquéritos e Questionários , Trismo/psicologia , Xerostomia/psicologiaRESUMO
Abstract The sense of coherence (SOC) is a measure of global orientation regarding the ability of individuals to cope with stressful situations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between SOC and quality of life (QoL) and clinical and sociodemographic characteristics among survivors of oral, oropharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx cancer. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 90 cancer patients in follow up at the Santa Maria University Hospital in southern Brazil who had completed conformal 3D radiotherapy at least three months earlier. QoL was assessed using the University of Washington Quality of Life (UW-QOL) questionnaire and SOC was measured using the Brazilian version of the SOC-13 questionnaire. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and the disease were obtained from patients' charts. Oral clinical conditions were also evaluated. Associations between exploratory variables and mean UW-QOL scores were evaluated through Poisson regression and the results were presented as rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The mean overall UW-QOL score was 67.90 (± 18.71). Moderate and high SOC scores were associated with higher mean UW-QOL scores, that is, individuals with a stronger SOC demonstrated better QoL, (p < 0.05). Regarding the clinical variables, individuals with advanced stage cancer and those with hyposalivation and trismus had poorer QoL (p < 0.05). Patients with a greater SOC reported a better quality of life. Our findings show the importance of focusing on psychosocial factors, which can alleviate the impact caused by the disease and improve the QoL of these patients.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/psicologia , Senso de Coerência , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/psicologia , Valores de Referência , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Trismo/psicologia , Xerostomia/psicologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Análise de Regressão , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de NeoplasiasRESUMO
Abstract The sense of coherence (SOC) is a measure of global orientation regarding the ability of individuals to cope with stressful situations. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between SOC and quality of life (QoL) and clinical and sociodemographic characteristics among survivors of oral, oropharynx, hypopharynx, or larynx cancer. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 90 cancer patients in follow up at the Santa Maria University Hospital in southern Brazil who had completed conformal 3D radiotherapy at least three months earlier. QoL was assessed using the University of Washington Quality of Life (UW-QOL) questionnaire and SOC was measured using the Brazilian version of the SOC-13 questionnaire. Data on socio-demographic characteristics and the disease were obtained from patients' charts. Oral clinical conditions were also evaluated. Associations between exploratory variables and mean UW-QOL scores were evaluated through Poisson regression and the results were presented as rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The mean overall UW-QOL score was 67.90 (± 18.71). Moderate and high SOC scores were associated with higher mean UW-QOL scores, that is, individuals with a stronger SOC demonstrated better QoL, (p < 0.05). Regarding the clinical variables, individuals with advanced stage cancer and those with hyposalivation and trismus had poorer QoL (p < 0.05). Patients with a greater SOC reported a better quality of life. Our findings show the importance of focusing on psychosocial factors, which can alleviate the impact caused by the disease and improve the QoL of these patients.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/psicologia , Senso de Coerência , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/psicologia , Valores de Referência , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Trismo/psicologia , Xerostomia/psicologia , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Estudos Transversais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Análise de Regressão , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/patologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estadiamento de NeoplasiasRESUMO
Abstract Many viral infections cause oral manifestations, including disorders in odontogenesis, resulting in dental malformations. In this review, based on current knowledge, we will discuss the likely dental and oral consequences of COVID-19. In this article, we review currently available data associated with vertical transmission of COVID-19 and odontogenesis, oral manifestations, and the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on a diagnosis of oral diseases. Owing to the severity of the pandemic, the population's anxiety and fear of becoming infected with COVID-19 may underestimate the signs and symptoms of serious illnesses, besides discourage patients from seeking health, medical or dental services to determine the diagnosis of oral lesions. Thus, the COVID-19 pandemic could be an additional and aggravating factor for the delay of serious illness diagnosis, such as oral squamous cell carcinoma resulting in higher morbidity and worse prognosis. Several changes and oral lesions have been described as oral manifestations of COVID-19, such as dysgeusia, oral ulcers, petechiae, reddish macules, desquamative gingivitis, among others. Besides, it can cause major systemic changes and predispose opportunistic infections. As with other viral infections, oral manifestations, including dental anomalies, can occur as a direct result of SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, further studies are needed to guide and clarify possible oral changes.
Assuntos
Anormalidades Dentárias/patologia , Saúde Bucal , Coronavirus , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/prevenção & controle , Odontogênese , Manifestações Bucais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/psicologia , Úlceras Orais/patologia , Pandemias , BetacoronavirusRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: To gather information on penile cancer epidemiologic trends and its economic impact on the Brazilian Public Health System across the last 25 years. Methods: The Brazilian Public Health System database was used as the primary source of data from January 1992 to December 2017. Mortality and incidence data from the Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva was collected using the International Classification of Diseases ICD10 C60. Demographic data from the Brazilian population was obtained from the last census by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, performed in 2010 and its 2017 review. Results: There were 9,743 hospital admissions related to penile cancer from 1992 to 2017. There was a reduction (36%) in the absolute number of admissions per year related to penile cancer in 2017, as compared to 1992 (2.7versus 1.7 per 100,000; p<0.001). The expenses with admissions related to this condition in this period were US$ 3,002,705.73 (US$ 115,488.68/year). Approximately 38% of the total amount was spent in Northeast Region. In 1992, penile cancer costed US$ 193,502.05 to the public health system, while in 2017, it reduced to US$ 47,078.66 (p<0.02). Penile cancer incidence in 2017 was 0.43/100,000 male Brazilian, with the highest incidence rate found in the Northeast Region. From 1992 to 2017, the mortality rates of penile cancer in Brazil were 0.38/100,000 man, and 0.50/100,000 man in the North Region. Conclusion: Despite the decrease in admissions, penile cancer still imposes a significant economic and social burden to the Brazilian population and the Public Health System.
RESUMO Objetivo: Reunir informações sobre as tendências epidemiológicas do câncer de pênis e seu impacto econômico no Sistema Único de Saúde nos últimos 25 anos. Métodos: O banco de dados de informações do Sistema Único de Saúde foi utilizado como fonte primária de dados de janeiro 1992 a dezembro 2017. Os dados demortalidade e incidência do Instituto Nacional de Câncer José Alencar Gomes da Silva foram coletados usando a Classificação Internacional de Doença CID10 C60. Os dados demográficos da população brasileira foram obtidos do último censo do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, realizado em 2010, e em sua revisão, de 2017. Resultados: Ocorreram 9.743 internações relacionadas ao câncer de pênis de 1992 a 2017. Houve redução (36%) nas internações anuais absolutas em 2017 em comparação com 1992 (2,7 versus 1,7 por 100.000; p<0,001). Os gastos com internações neste período foram de US$ 3,002,705.73 (US$ 115,488.68/ano). Cerca de 38% do valor total foi gasto na Região Nordeste. Em 1992, o câncer de pênis custou US$ 193,502.05 ao sistema público, enquanto em 2017 reduziu para US$ 47,078.66 (p<0,02). A incidência em 2017 foi de 0,43/100.000 brasileiro do sexo masculino, com a maior taxa de incidência encontrada na Região Nordeste. De 1992 a 2017, as taxas de mortalidade por câncer de pênis foram de 0,38/100.000 homem, sendo 0,50/100.000 homem na Região Norte. Conclusão: Apesar da diminuição nas hospitalizações, o câncer de pênis ainda impõe uma carga econômica e social significativa à população brasileira e ao Sistema Único de Saúde.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Neoplasias Penianas/psicologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/psicologia , Efeitos Psicossociais da Doença , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Neoplasias Penianas/mortalidade , Neoplasias Penianas/patologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/mortalidade , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/patologia , Saúde Pública , Incidência , Custos e Análise de Custo , Hospitalização/economia , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Non-melanoma skin cancer accounts for a third of all malignancies registered in Brazil, with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) being one of its subtypes. It develops in photo-exposed areas, affecting social habits and causing negative influence on quality of life (QoL). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate QoL in patients with primary cutaneous SCC. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed in patients with clinical diagnosis of SCC, corroborated by dermoscopy and confirmed by histopathology; prior to resection of the tumor using the double-blade scalpel technique, a questionnaire on the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) was applied. RESULTS: Among the 46 evaluated patients, mean age was 67.1 ± 16.0 years, with a predominance of males, low educational level and socioeconomic status, Fitzpatrick II phototype, history of outdoor work, and tumor location in exposed photo areas. Mean DLQI was 4.02 ± 0.63, and in the categorization, 11 (23.9%) had a moderate to severe negative effect on QoL. The skin tumor had a negative impact on daily activities (33% of cases), treatment effects (30%), and symptoms and feelings (29%). Study limitations: There is no gold standard instrument for assessing QoL in dermatological patients. CONCLUSION: In the study sample, one-fourth of patients with SCC had a moderate to severe negative effect on quality of life.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/psicologia , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/cirurgia , Qualidade de Vida , Neoplasias Cutâneas/psicologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/cirurgia , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/diagnóstico , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Hospitais Públicos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Sexuais , Neoplasias Cutâneas/diagnóstico , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to identify the frequency of fatigue and domains affected in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing radiation therapy, at the beginning, middle and end of treatment. METHOD: longitudinal and prospective study of quasi-experimental design, involving 60 patients with head and neck cancer. It should be highlighted that this article will address only the data of the Control Group. The dependent variables were collected through interview, using the revised Piper Fatigue Scale, which is a multidimensional instrument that assesses global, behavioral, affective and sensory/psychological domains. Data analysis was based on absolute and relative frequencies. RESULTS: there was a predominance of males, age group between 41-60 years, low level of education and in regular use of alcohol and cigarettes. All domains in the fatigue scale had their scores increased, presenting median values of greater magnitude in Time 2 and Time 3, when compared to the Time 1 values, indicating an increase in fatigue levels during radiation therapy. CONCLUSION: fatigue increased in the course of the radiation therapy, having all domains affected. Therefore, its evaluation throughout the treatment is important, as fatigue is a common and debilitating symptom on cancer patients.
Assuntos
Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/radioterapia , Fadiga/etiologia , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/radioterapia , Radioterapia/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Brasil , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/complicações , Carcinoma de Células Escamosas/psicologia , Fadiga/psicologia , Feminino , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/complicações , Neoplasias de Cabeça e Pescoço/psicologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Qualidade de Vida , Radioterapia/psicologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
PURPOSE: Despite being the only hospital to provide comprehensive cervical cancer treatment to many medically underserved Guatemalan women, no assessment of the cervical cancer patient population at the Guatemala Cancer Institute has been performed. To understand the demographics of the patient population, their treatment outcomes, and access to care, we sought to assess treatment compliance of patients with cervical cancer at the Guatemala Cancer Institute and its effects on patient outcomes. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients with cervical cancer between 2005 and 2007 and assessed for follow-up through December 2015. Demographics and clinical characteristics were tabulated. A Kaplan-Meier curve to model compliance was generated. RESULTS: Ninety-two patients with invasive cancer were analyzed. Most presented with squamous cell carcinoma (73%) and at locally advanced stages (IIB, 51%; IIIB, 33%). Most (75 of 92, 81.5%) initiated treatment after diagnosis, but 18.5% (17 of 92) were lost to follow-up before treatment initiation. For treatment, 97% received external beam radiation, 84% brachytherapy, and 4% concomitant chemotherapy. Nearly 20% of patients were lost to follow-up in the first 6 months and 65% in the first 5 years. Of the 67 patients who completed treatment, only 15 (16% of the initial cohort) were diagnosed with a recurrence. No deaths were recorded. CONCLUSION: The low recurrence rate and no documented deaths suggest a correlation with the low compliance rate and poor follow-up. This finding highlights the need to examine more fully the barriers to compliance and access to care among this population to optimize the treatment of cervical cancer.