RESUMO
Background: Different pathogens can cause dilated cardiomyopathy, one of them is Trypanosoma cruzi protozoan. T.cruzi-chronic infection causes chronic Chagasic cardiomyopathy and affects the sinus node and the conduction systembelow the bundle of His; besides, it shows excellent arrhythmogenic potential because of ventricular arrhythmias. Knowingthe clinical characteristics and performing serological tests to diagnose chronic Chagasic cardiomyopathy is essential. The serological diagnosis for searching the antibodies is based on the phase, which can be a predictor for the development of dilated cardiomyopathy. Objectives: In this work, the objective was to describe the frequency of dilated cardiomyopathy in patients with T. cruzi positive serology. Method: A total of 961 patients who were medically and clinically diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy were studied. Of these, 128 were diagnosed with chronic Chagasic cardiomyopathy and had positive serology for T. cruzi with two serological tests. Results: The clinical findings were obtained from the results of the electrocardiograms and were taken from the patient's clinical histories. Conclusion: In conclusion, complete blockage of the right branch of the bundle of His (44.2%) is one of the primary conduction disorders in the patients studied. Regarding seroprevalence, 14% of patients diagnosed with dilated cardiomyopathy had anti-T. cruzi antibodies.
Antecedentes: La cardiomiopatía dilatada puede ser causada por diferentes patógenos y uno de ellos es el protozoario Trypanosoma cruzi. La infección crónica causa la cardiomiopatía chagásica crónica, que afecta el nódulo sinusal y el sistema de conducción a nivel del haz de His; además, muestra gran potencial arritmogénico, ya que frecuentemente se presentan arritmias ventriculares. Para diagnosticar la cardiomiopatía chagásica crónica es indispensable conocer las características clínicas y realizar los ensayos serológicos. El diagnóstico serológico para la búsqueda de anticuerpos se basa en la fase de la enfermedad en la que se encuentre el individuo, los cuales pueden ser un predictor para el desarrollo de la cardiomiopatía dilatada. Objetivo: El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue describir la frecuencia de cardiomiopatía dilatada en pacientes con serología positiva a T. cruzi en el Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez. Método: Se estudiaron 961 pacientes que fueron diagnosticados médica y clínicamente con cardiomiopatía dilatada y, de estos, 128 fueron diagnosticados con cardiomiopatía chagásica crónica, los cuales presentaban serología positiva a T. cruzi con dos pruebas serológicas. Resultados: Los hallazgos clínicos se obtuvieron de los resultados de los electrocardiogramas y fueron tomados de las historias clínicas de los pacientes. Conclusiones: En conclusión, el bloqueo completo de la rama derecha del haz de His (44.2%) es una de las principales alteraciones de la conducción en los pacientes estudiados. Con respecto a la seroprevalencia, el 14% de los pacientes con diagnóstico de cardiomiopatía dilatada tuvieron anticuerpos anti-T. cruzi.
Assuntos
Academias e Institutos , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/epidemiologia , Cardiomiopatia Chagásica/diagnóstico , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , México/epidemiologia , Adulto , Fatores de Tempo , Idoso , Doença de Chagas/epidemiologia , Doença de Chagas/diagnóstico , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/epidemiologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/imunologia , Trypanosoma cruzi/isolamento & purificação , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Cardiomyopathies are considered one of the most important causes of heart failure in cats and are subdivided into three main morphological types: hypertrophic (HCM), dilated (DCM), and restrictive (RCM). This study aimed to determine the frequency and types of cardiomyopathies in cats diagnosed in southern Brazil, with an emphasis on their epidemiological and pathological aspects. Necropsy reports filed in a veterinary pathology laboratory were reviewed, and cats diagnosed with cardiomyopathy were selected for the study. Animal identification data, history and clinical signs, and gross lesions, were reviewed and compiled. During the study period, 1.594 cat necropsies were performed, of which 72 (4.5%) comprised a diagnosis of cardiomyopathy. HCM was the most frequent followed by CMR and CMD, representing 77.8%, 12.5% and 9.7%, respectively. Age ranged from three months to 18 years, with a median age of seven years. In relation to sex, 62.5% were males and 37.5% females. In 76.4% of the cases, it affected cats without a breed defined. Restrictive mixed dyspnea and hydrothorax were the main signs or findings of the clinical examination. Sudden death and acute paresis of the pelvic limbs due to aortic thromboembolism have also been described. In HCM, myocardial thickening was observed, with a reduction in the ventricular chamber. Hypertrophy, disarray, and fibrosis of the myofibers were the main histological findings. In RCM, whitish and thickened endocardium was seen in most cases. DCM was characterized by dilated cardiac chambers, and microscopic examination revealed no significant findings. The main extra cardiac lesions revealed pulmonary edema and congestion, hydrothorax and chronic passive congestion of the liver. Cardiomyopathies are important causes of death in cats and should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with cardio respiratory clinical signs and in cases related to sudden death and acute paresis of the pelvic limbs.(AU)
As cardiomiopatias são consideradas umas das mais importantes causas de insuficiência cardíaca em gatos e são subdivididas morfologicamente em três principais tipos: cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH), dilatada (CMD) e restritiva (CMR). Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a frequência e os tipos de cardiomiopatias em gatos diagnosticados no Sul do Brasil, abordando seus aspectos epidemiológicos e patológicos. Foram revisados os laudos de necropsias de gatos e selecionados para o estudo de diagnóstico de cardiomiopatia. Os dados referentes à identificação do animal, o histórico/sinais clínicos e lesões macroscópicas foram revisados e compilados. No período estudado, foram realizadas 1.594 necropsias de gatos, destas, 72 (4,5%) compreenderam diagnóstico de cardiomiopatia. A CMH foi a mais frequente seguida pela CMR e CMD, representando 77,8%, 12,5% e 9,7%, respectivamente. A idade variou de três meses a 18 anos, com a idade mediana de sete anos. Em relação ao sexo, 62,5% eram machos e 37,5% fêmeas. Em 76,4% dos casos, afetou gatos sem raça definida. Dispneia mista restritiva e hidrotórax foram os principais sinais ou achados do exame clínico. Morte súbita e paresia aguda de membros pélvicos em razão do tromboembolismo aórtico também foram descritos. Na CMH, observou-se espessamento do miocárdio, com redução da câmara ventricular. Hipertrofia, desarranjo e fibrose das miofibras foram os principais achados histológicos. Na CMR, visualizou-se endocárdio esbranquiçado e espessado na maioria dos casos. A CMD caracterizou-se pela dilatação das câmaras cardíacas, e sem lesão histológica significante. As principais lesões extracardíacas encontradas foram edema e congestão pulmonares, hidrotórax e congestão passiva crônica do fígado. As cardiomiopatias são causas importantes de morte em gatos, devem ser incluídas no diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes com sinais clínicos cardiorrespiratórios e também em casos relacionados a morte súbita e paresia aguda dos membros pélvicos.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica/patologia , Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica/veterinária , Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica/epidemiologia , Cardiomiopatia Restritiva/patologia , Cardiomiopatia Restritiva/veterinária , Cardiomiopatia Restritiva/epidemiologia , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/patologia , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/veterinária , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/epidemiologia , Doenças do GatoRESUMO
Cardiomyopathies are considered one of the most important causes of heart failure in cats and are subdivided into three main morphological types: hypertrophic (HCM), dilated (DCM), and restrictive (RCM). This study aimed to determine the frequency and types of cardiomyopathies in cats diagnosed in southern Brazil, with an emphasis on their epidemiological and pathological aspects. Necropsy reports filed in a veterinary pathology laboratory were reviewed, and cats diagnosed with cardiomyopathy were selected for the study. Animal identification data, history and clinical signs, and gross lesions, were reviewed and compiled. During the study period, 1.594 cat necropsies were performed, of which 72 (4.5%) comprised a diagnosis of cardiomyopathy. HCM was the most frequent followed by CMR and CMD, representing 77.8%, 12.5% and 9.7%, respectively. Age ranged from three months to 18 years, with a median age of seven years. In relation to sex, 62.5% were males and 37.5% females. In 76.4% of the cases, it affected cats without a breed defined. Restrictive mixed dyspnea and hydrothorax were the main signs or findings of the clinical examination. Sudden death and acute paresis of the pelvic limbs due to aortic thromboembolism have also been described. In HCM, myocardial thickening was observed, with a reduction in the ventricular chamber. Hypertrophy, disarray, and fibrosis of the myofibers were the main histological findings. In RCM, whitish and thickened endocardium was seen in most cases. DCM was characterized by dilated cardiac chambers, and microscopic examination revealed no significant findings. The main extra cardiac lesions revealed pulmonary edema and congestion, hydrothorax and chronic passive congestion of the liver. Cardiomyopathies are important causes of death in cats and should be included in the differential diagnosis of patients with cardio respiratory clinical signs and in cases related to sudden death and acute paresis of the pelvic limbs.(AU)
As cardiomiopatias são consideradas umas das mais importantes causas de insuficiência cardíaca em gatos e são subdivididas morfologicamente em três principais tipos: cardiomiopatia hipertrófica (CMH), dilatada (CMD) e restritiva (CMR). Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar a frequência e os tipos de cardiomiopatias em gatos diagnosticados no Sul do Brasil, abordando seus aspectos epidemiológicos e patológicos. Foram revisados os laudos de necropsias de gatos e selecionados para o estudo de diagnóstico de cardiomiopatia. Os dados referentes à identificação do animal, o histórico/sinais clínicos e lesões macroscópicas foram revisados e compilados. No período estudado, foram realizadas 1.594 necropsias de gatos, destas, 72 (4,5%) compreenderam diagnóstico de cardiomiopatia. A CMH foi a mais frequente seguida pela CMR e CMD, representando 77,8%, 12,5% e 9,7%, respectivamente. A idade variou de três meses a 18 anos, com a idade mediana de sete anos. Em relação ao sexo, 62,5% eram machos e 37,5% fêmeas. Em 76,4% dos casos, afetou gatos sem raça definida. Dispneia mista restritiva e hidrotórax foram os principais sinais ou achados do exame clínico. Morte súbita e paresia aguda de membros pélvicos em razão do tromboembolismo aórtico também foram descritos. Na CMH, observou-se espessamento do miocárdio, com redução da câmara ventricular. Hipertrofia, desarranjo e fibrose das miofibras foram os principais achados histológicos. Na CMR, visualizou-se endocárdio esbranquiçado e espessado na maioria dos casos. A CMD caracterizou-se pela dilatação das câmaras cardíacas, e sem lesão histológica significante. As principais lesões extracardíacas encontradas foram edema e congestão pulmonares, hidrotórax e congestão passiva crônica do fígado. As cardiomiopatias são causas importantes de morte em gatos, devem ser incluídas no diagnóstico diferencial de pacientes com sinais clínicos cardiorrespiratórios e também em casos relacionados a morte súbita e paresia aguda dos membros pélvicos.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica/patologia , Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica/veterinária , Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica/epidemiologia , Cardiomiopatia Restritiva/patologia , Cardiomiopatia Restritiva/veterinária , Cardiomiopatia Restritiva/epidemiologia , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/patologia , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/veterinária , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/epidemiologia , Doenças do GatoAssuntos
Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/congênito , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/diagnóstico , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/epidemiologia , Criança , Insuficiência Cardíaca/congênito , Transplante de Coração , Ventrículos do Coração/patologia , Coração Auxiliar , Humanos , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Pediatria/organização & administração , Pediatria/normas , Saúde Pública , Alocação de Recursos , Risco , Resultado do Tratamento , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical and epidemiologic profile of congestive heart failure at the principal free-care hospital in Haiti. Cardiovascular disease represents the most prevalent cause of admissions to the medical service of the University Hospital of the State of Haiti. No previous study has examined the demographics of congestive heart failure in urban Haiti. METHODS: Two hundred forty-seven patients presented to the inpatient service between May 2011 and May 2013. Evaluation included history and physical, CBC, renal/metabolic profile, serum glucose, anti-HIV antibody, ECG, chest radiograph and echocardiogram. Treatment included angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, furosemide and spironolactone, carvedilol, digoxin and anticoagulation. RESULTS: Women (62.4%) outnumbered men; patients were relatively young (mean age 50.1) and from the lowest socio-economic levels of the population. Nearly all (98.8%) presented with NYHA III-IV status, with correspondingly high mortality (23.3%). Echocardiography showed 73% dilated cardiomyopathy; 83% showed moderate to severe LV systolic dysfunction (mean EF 36.5 +/- 15%) and 17% preserved LV systolic function. The three principal etiologies were dilated cardiomyopathy (29%) hypertensive cardiomyopathy (27%) and peripartum cardiomyopathy (20%). Ischemic cardiomyopathy was rare (3.4%). At 27 months follow-up, 76.7% of the patients were alive and well. Among those who died, mean survival time was 113 days. Readmission carried a poor prognosis. CONCLUSIONS: This congestive heart failure study from Haiti shows an unusually high proportion of young women, primarily due to peripartum cardiomyopathy. Ischemic cardiomyopathy is rare, as in Africa. Further study is warranted to address the particular problem of the high frequency of peripartum cardiomyopathy in this population.
Assuntos
Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/diagnóstico por imagem , Insuficiência Cardíaca/diagnóstico por imagem , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez/diagnóstico por imagem , Transtornos Puerperais/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente , Antagonistas Adrenérgicos beta/uso terapêutico , Adulto , Distribuição por Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Inibidores da Enzima Conversora de Angiotensina/uso terapêutico , Anticoagulantes/uso terapêutico , Carbazóis/uso terapêutico , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/tratamento farmacológico , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/epidemiologia , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/fisiopatologia , Cardiotônicos/uso terapêutico , Carvedilol , Estudos de Coortes , Digoxina/uso terapêutico , Diuréticos/uso terapêutico , Ecocardiografia , Eletrocardiografia , Feminino , Furosemida/uso terapêutico , Haiti , Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Insuficiência Cardíaca/fisiopatologia , Hospitalização , Hospitais Universitários , Hospitais Urbanos , Humanos , Hipertensão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gravidez , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez/tratamento farmacológico , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Complicações Cardiovasculares na Gravidez/fisiopatologia , Propanolaminas/uso terapêutico , Estudos Prospectivos , Transtornos Puerperais/tratamento farmacológico , Transtornos Puerperais/epidemiologia , Transtornos Puerperais/fisiopatologia , Distribuição por Sexo , Espironolactona/uso terapêutico , Volume Sistólico , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To measure the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and functional status of children with cardiomyopathy and to determine whether they are correlated with sociodemographics, cardiac status, and clinical outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Parents of children in the Pediatric Cardiomyopathy Registry completed the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ; age ≥ 5 years) and Functional Status II (Revised) (age ≤ 18 years) instruments. Linear and Cox regressions were used to examine hypothesized associations with HRQOL. RESULTS: The 355 children evaluated at ≥ 5 years (median 8.6 years) had lower functioning (CHQ Physical and Psychosocial Summary Scores 41.7 ± 14.4 and 47.8 ± 10.7) than that of healthy historical controls. The most extreme CHQ domain score, Parental Impact-Emotional, was one SD below normal. Younger age at diagnosis and smaller left ventricular end-diastolic dimension z score were associated independently with better physical functioning in children with dilated cardiomyopathy. Greater income/education correlated with better psychosocial functioning in children with hypertrophic and mixed/other types of cardiomyopathy. In the age ≥ 5 year cohort, lower scores on both instruments predicted earlier death/transplant and listing for transplant in children with dilated and mixed/other types of cardiomyopathy (P < .001). Across all ages (n = 565), the Functional Status II (Revised) total score was 87.1 ± 16.4, and a lower score was associated with earlier death/transplant for all cardiomyopathies. CONCLUSIONS: HRQOL and functional status in children with cardiomyopathy is on average impaired relative to healthy children. These impairments are associated with older age at diagnosis, lower socioeconomic status, left ventricular size, and increased risk for death and transplant. Identification of families at risk for functional impairment allows for provision of specialized services early in the course of disease. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00005391.
Assuntos
Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/epidemiologia , Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica/epidemiologia , Qualidade de Vida , Adolescente , Fatores Etários , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/cirurgia , Cardiomiopatia Hipertrófica/cirurgia , Criança , Escolaridade , Feminino , Transplante de Coração/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Renda , Masculino , Análise Multivariada , Sistema de Registros , Estados Unidos/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Las complicaciones cardiovasculares del SIDA, son a menudo asintomáticas, aunque en ocasiones pueden constituir la causa directa de muerte. Puede comprometerse el pericardio, miocardio, endocardio y los vasos, ya sea como manifestación de la enfermedad de base o como resultado de la terapia antirretroviral y su efecto sobre los factores de riesgo, en el contexto de una patología que es actualmente de evolución crónica y con mejores expectativas de sobrevida gracias a las nuevas drogas empleadas para su control y tratamiento. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar una revisión de los aspectos más relevantes del SIDA que comprometen al corazón y los vasos.
The cardiovascular complications of AIDS, are often asymptomatic, although some may be direct cause of death. Pericardium, myocardium, endocardium, and vessels may be involved as a result of illness or the adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy on risk factors, Today has become a chronic condition with improved life expectancy thanks to the development of new drugs for its treatment and control The aim of this article is to present a review of the most relevant aspects of AIDS involving the heart and vessels.
Assuntos
Humanos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/epidemiologia , Pericárdio , Sarcoma de Kaposi/etiologia , Sarcoma de Kaposi/epidemiologia , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/etiologia , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Fatores de Risco , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/tratamento farmacológico , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade/efeitos adversos , Endocárdio , Linfoma/etiologia , Linfoma/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Introduction: Heart transplantation is the therapy of choice for advance heart failure. Our group developed two transplant programs at Instituto Nacional del Tórax and Clínica Dávila. We report our clinical experience based on distinctive clinical policies. Patients and Methods: Fifty-three consecutive patients were transplanted between November 2008 and April 2013, representing 51% of all Chilean cases. Distinctive clinical policies include intensive donor management, generic immunosuppression and VAD (ventricular assist devices) insertion. Results: Ischemic or dilated cardiomyopathy were the main indications (23 (43%) each), age 48 ± 13 years and 48 (91%) were male. Transplant listing Status: IA 14 (26%) (VAD or 2 inotropes), IB 14 (26%) (1 inotrope) and II25 (47%) (no inotrope). Mean waiting time 70 ± 83 days. Twelve (24%) were transplanted during VAD support (median support: 36 days). Operative technique: orthotopic bicaval transplant with ischemia time: 175 ± 54 min. Operative mortality: 3 (6%), all due to right ventricular failure. Re-exploration for bleeding 2 (4%), stroke 3 (6%), mediastinitis 0 (0%), pneumonia 4 (8%), and transient dialysis 6 (11%). Mean follow-up was 21 ± 14 months. Three-year survival was 86 ± 6%. One patient died of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia and the other died suddenly (non-compliance). Freedom from rejection requiring specific therapy was 80 ± 7% at 3 years of follow-up. Four hundred eighty four endomyocardial biopsies were done: 11 (2.3%) had 2R rejection. All survivors are in NYHA (New York Heart Association) functional class I and all but one have normal biventricular function. Conclusion: Mid-term results are similar to those reported by the registry of the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation. This experience has a higher proportion of VAD support than previous national series. Rejection rates are low in spite of generic immunosuppression.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Sobrevivência de Enxerto , Insuficiência Cardíaca/cirurgia , Transplante de Coração/estatística & dados numéricos , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/epidemiologia , Cardiomiopatia Dilatada/cirurgia , Chile/epidemiologia , Seguimentos , Rejeição de Enxerto , Insuficiência Cardíaca/epidemiologia , Transplante de Coração/mortalidade , Coração Auxiliar/estatística & dados numéricos , Terapia de Imunossupressão/efeitos adversos , Sistema de Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Doadores de TecidosRESUMO
Continued assessment of temporal trends in mortality and epidemiology of specific heart failure in South America is needed to provide a scientific basis for rational allocation of the limited health care resources, and strategies to reduce risk and predict the future burden of heart failure. The epidemiology of heart failure in South America was reviewed. Heart failure is the main cause of hospitalization based on available data from approximately 50% of the South American population. The main etiologies of heart failure are ischemic, idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, valvular, hypertensive and chagasic etiologies. In endemic areas, Chagas heart disease may be responsible by 41% of the HF cases. Also, heart failure presents high mortality especially in patients with Chagas etiology. Heart failure and etiologies associated with heart failure may be responsible for 6.3% of causes of deaths. Rheumatic fever is the leading cause of valvular heart disease. However, a tendency to reduction of HF mortality due to Chagas heart disease from 1985 to 2006, and reduction in mortality due to HF from 1999 to 2005 were observed in selected states in Brazil. The findings have important public health implications because the allocation of health care resources, and strategies to reduce risk of heart failure should also consider the control of neglected Chagas disease and rheumatic fever in South American countries.