RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Women's mortality at a reproductive age has been a global concern, and its decrease has been incorporated as a target of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The aim of this study was to describe the spatial-temporal evolution of mortality rates among women of reproductive age in Brazilian municipalities by groups of causes and socioeconomic indicators from 2000 to 2018. STUDY DESIGN: Ecological analysis. METHODS: This work was an ecological, descriptive study that analyzed estimates of mortality rates among women of reproductive age (15-49 years) by main groups of causes of death from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study in three consecutive trienniums, T1 (2000-2002), T2 (2009-2011), and T3 (2016-2018). To quantify the temporal evolution in mortality rates, the present study calculated the percentage change for each triennium. The spatial analysis of mortality rates was carried out using Moran's index. The Pearson coefficient was used to analyze the correlation between the data. RESULTS: A significant decline in mortality rates was found for all groups of causes in all regions of the country. Despite the downward trend, the percentage change from 2009 to 2011 to 2016 to 2018 showed a decrease in the group of Noncommunicable Diseases (NCDs) and external causes. The decline in mortality rates of women due to external causes showed only a minimal change in the North and Northeast regions from T2 to T3, whereas a cluster of neighboring municipalities with high mortality rates persisted in the municipalities of the South region and in the state of Roraima. The ranking of the main causes of death in Brazilian municipalities showed an increase in neoplasms in detriment to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). CONCLUSIONS: The main causes of death in women of reproductive age at a more local level could be used to recognize inequalities and to develop interventions aimed at tackling premature and preventable deaths.
Assuntos
Causas de Morte , Cidades , Carga Global da Doença , Mortalidade , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Adulto , Adolescente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Causas de Morte/tendências , Cidades/epidemiologia , Carga Global da Doença/tendências , Mortalidade/tendências , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Análise Espaço-TemporalRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are a major cause of death and a public health threat. To report the burden of CVD in Mexico at a national and subnational scale from 1990 to 2017 as well as risk factors driving these changes. METHODS: Following the 2017 global burden of disease study, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and risk factors of CVD were examined according to 10 subcategories. RESULTS: The CVD burden of disease decreased between 1990 and 2017 in Mexico as a whole and in all states, with the higher decrease located in the north and central regions. Ischemic heart disease accounted for almost two-thirds of the total number of deaths from CVD and caused the highest DALY rate. The leading CVD risk factors were high systolic blood pressure, dietary risks, high LDL cholesterol, high BMI, and high fasting plasma glucose level. CONCLUSIONS: These results allow the establishment of priorities, policy development, and implementation to decrease the CVD burden and can provide a benchmark for states to focus on key risk factors, improve the quality of health care, and reduce health care costs.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/mortalidade , Pessoas com Deficiência/estatística & dados numéricos , Carga Global da Doença/estatística & dados numéricos , Carga Global da Doença/tendências , Saúde Global/estatística & dados numéricos , Mortalidade , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Teorema de Bayes , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Global incidence and temporal trends of asbestosis are rarely explored. Using the detailed information on asbestosis from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2017, we described the age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) and its average annual percentage change. A Joinpoint Regression model was applied to identify varying temporal trends over time. Although the use of asbestos has been completely banned in many countries, the ASIR of asbestosis increased globally from 1990 to 2017. Furthermore, the most pronounced increases in ASIR of asbestosis were detected in high-income North America and Australasia. These findings indicate that efforts to change the asbestos regulation policy are urgently needed.
Assuntos
Asbestose/epidemiologia , Carga Global da Doença/tendências , África/epidemiologia , Ásia/epidemiologia , Região do Caribe/epidemiologia , América Central/epidemiologia , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , América do Norte/epidemiologia , Oceania/epidemiologia , América do Sul/epidemiologiaRESUMO
A high level of general and oral health are invaluable assets, a factor not always considered a basic human right for their better life quality. The mouth is a critical point of contact with the external environment, which is established when we talk, chew, swallow and when food digestion begins. From a perspective of the human condition, the mouth is crucial for the integration of sound, social appearance of the individual, and is one of the fundamental components of overall health. Therefore, not having an adequate level of oral health affects self-esteem, quality of life and people's general well-being.
Assuntos
Carga Global da Doença/tendências , Doenças Periodontais/epidemiologia , Humanos , América Latina/epidemiologia , Saúde Bucal/tendências , Doenças Periodontais/terapia , Qualidade de VidaRESUMO
Purpose: To study the impact of sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors on the cataract burden in Caribbean small island developing states (SIDS) using disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs).Methods: National and regional age and sex specific cataract DALY numbers and rates from 1990 to 2016 for Caribbean SIDS, were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016. The human development index (HDI), healthcare access and quality (HAQ) index, and the World Bank's classification of economies were used as socioeconomic status indicators. The Gini coefficient, Atkinson, Theil and concentration indices were used to measure health inequality. Paired Wilcoxon signed rank test, Pearson correlation, and linear regression analyses were performed to evaluate the sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors associated with differences in cataract burden.Results: Men had higher age-standardized DALY rates than women (P < .001) with median rates of 90.72 (Interquartile range [IQR], 87.8-94.2) and 83.94(IQR, 80.9-86.5), respectively. The burden of cataract increased with age. Upper-middle income countries had higher age-standardized DALY rates than high income countries (P < .001), with median rates of 90.1 (IQR, 86.8-93.4) and 79.8 (IQR, 77.5-81.8), respectively. Age-standardized DALY rates were inversely correlated with HDI (r = - 0.61, ß = - 51.56 [P < .05]) and HAQ (r = - 0.68, ß = - 0.46 [P < .01). Between-country inequality was negligible, and the burden of cataract is greater among the poor.Conclusion: Global trends of socioeconomic factors were confirmed. Significantly, men had higher age-standardized DALY rates than women. This is an area for further research.
Assuntos
Catarata/economia , Carga Global da Doença/economia , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde/tendências , Disparidades em Assistência à Saúde/tendências , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cegueira/epidemiologia , Cegueira/etiologia , Região do Caribe/epidemiologia , Catarata/complicações , Catarata/epidemiologia , Etnicidade , Feminino , Carga Global da Doença/estatística & dados numéricos , Carga Global da Doença/tendências , Desenvolvimento Humano , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Qualidade da Assistência à Saúde/tendências , Anos de Vida Ajustados por Qualidade de Vida , Distribuição por Sexo , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Adolescence is considered a healthy stage of life and therefore little studied. This study described mortality over time in teenagers in Uruguay and analysed the burden of disease at this stage of life by the measure of Years of Life Lost by Premature Death in Uruguay and by comparison with rates in Latin America and the Caribbean by sex, cause and sub-region. METHODOLOGY: Secondary data sources used were the national registry of deaths in Uruguay, the first Global Burden of Disease study in Uruguay and the information on the data visualisation page of the Institute of Metrics and Health Evaluation. Data were extracted by the authors and displayed in tables and graphs. RESULTS: Teenager mortality held roughly stable between 1997 and 2015. More years were lost to premature death among Uruguayan men, the main causes being traffic accidents, self-inflicted injuries and violence. The same behaviour occurs throughout the region. CONCLUSIONS: The social determinants of health connected with poverty and inequality play a role in the development of depression, risky and violent behaviour, which possibly explain the loss of years due to premature death in adolescence.
Introducción. La adolescencia es considerada una etapa de buena salud y por tanto poco estudiada. El objetivo de este estudio es describir la evolución de la mortalidad en adolescentes en Uruguay y analizar la carga de enfermedad en esta etapa de la vida, a través de la medida de los Años de Vida Perdidos por Muerte Prematura en Uruguay y su comparación con los de América Latina y el Caribe según sexo, causa y subregión. Metodología. Se utilizaron fuentes de datos secundarias: el registro nacional de defunciones del Uruguay, el primer estudio de Carga Global de Enfermedad en Uruguay y la información presentada por la página de visualización de datos del Instituto de Métricas y Evaluación en Salud. Resultados. La mortalidad en los adolescentes se ha mantenidos aproximadamente estable entre 1997 y 2015. Loa años perdidos por muerte prematura para el Uruguay son más en los hombres y sus principales causas son los accidentes de tránsito, heridas auto infringidas y violencia. El mismo comportamiento se presenta en la región. Conclusiones. Los determinantes sociales de la salud vinculados a la pobreza e inequidad tienen un rol en el desarrollo de depresión, conductas riesgosas y violentas que posiblemente expliquen la perdida de años por muerte prematura en esta etapa de la vida.
Assuntos
Causas de Morte/tendências , Carga Global da Doença/tendências , Mortalidade Prematura/tendências , Pobreza , Acidentes de Trânsito/mortalidade , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Adolescente , Região do Caribe/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , América Latina/epidemiologia , Masculino , Sistema de Registros , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/epidemiologia , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/mortalidade , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Uruguai/epidemiologia , Violência/estatística & dados numéricos , Violência/tendências , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Resumen Introducción. La adolescencia es considerada una etapa de buena salud y por tanto poco estudiada. El objetivo de este estudio es describir la evolución de la mortalidad en adolescentes en Uruguay y analizar la carga de enfermedad en esta etapa de la vida, a través de la medida de los Años de Vida Perdidos por Muerte Prematura en Uruguay y su comparación con los de América Latina y el Caribe según sexo, causa y subregión. Metodología. Se utilizaron fuentes de datos secundarias: el registro nacional de defunciones del Uruguay, el primer estudio de Carga Global de Enfermedad en Uruguay y la información presentada por la página de visualización de datos del Instituto de Métricas y Evaluación en Salud. Resultados. La mortalidad en los adolescentes se ha mantenidos aproximadamente estable entre 1997 y 2015. Loa años perdidos por muerte prematura para el Uruguay son más en los hombres y sus principales causas son los accidentes de tránsito, heridas auto infringidas y violencia. El mismo comportamiento se presenta en la región. Conclusiones. Los determinantes sociales de la salud vinculados a la pobreza e inequidad tienen un rol en el desarrollo de depresión, conductas riesgosas y violentas que posiblemente expliquen la perdida de años por muerte prematura en esta etapa de la vida.
Abstract Introduction. Adolescence is considered a healthy stage of life and therefore little studied. This study described mortality over time in teenagers in Uruguay and analysed the burden of disease at this stage of life by the measure of Years of Life Lost by Premature Death in Uruguay and by comparison with rates in Latin America and the Caribbean by sex, cause and sub-region. Methodology. Secondary data sources used were the national registry of deaths in Uruguay, the first Global Burden of Disease study in Uruguay and the information on the data visualisation page of the Institute of Metrics and Health Evaluation. Data were extracted by the authors and displayed in tables and graphs. Results. Teenager mortality held roughly stable between 1997 and 2015. More years were lost to premature death among Uruguayan men, the main causes being traffic accidents, self-inflicted injuries and violence. The same behaviour occurs throughout the region. Conclusions. The social determinants of health connected with poverty and inequality play a role in the development of depression, risky and violent behaviour, which possibly explain the loss of years due to premature death in adolescence.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Pobreza , Causas de Morte/tendências , Mortalidade Prematura/tendências , Carga Global da Doença/tendências , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Uruguai/epidemiologia , Violência/tendências , Violência/estatística & dados numéricos , Acidentes de Trânsito/mortalidade , Acidentes de Trânsito/estatística & dados numéricos , Sistema de Registros , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/mortalidade , Comportamento Autodestrutivo/epidemiologia , Região do Caribe/epidemiologia , América Latina/epidemiologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze if the burden of ischemic heart disease mortality trend attributed to physical inactivity in Brazil differs from the global estimates. METHODS: Databases from the Global Burden of Disease Study for Brazil, Brazilian states, and global information were used. We estimated the summary exposure value for physical inactivity, the total number of deaths, and the age-standardized death rates for ischemic heart disease attributed to physical inactivity in the years 1990 and 2015, and the population-attributable fraction. Data were presented according to sex. RESULTS: The Brazilian population was found to have a risk of exposure to physical inactivity varying between 70.4% for men and 75.7% for women in the year of 1990. This risk of exposure was similar in 2015. In men, the mortality rate from ischemic heart disease attributed to physical inactivity decreased in 2015 by approximately 24% around the world and 45% in Brazil. For women, this decrease was in 31% around the world and 45% in Brazil. The states of Southern and Southeastern Brazil presented lower mortality rates due to ischemic heart disease attributed to physical inactivity. If physical inactivity were eliminated in Brazil, mortality from ischemic heart disease would be reduced by 15.8% for men and 15.2% for women. CONCLUSIONS: Over 25 years, the risk of exposure to physical inactivity in Brazil did not change and was high compared to global estimates. The decrease in ischemic heart disease mortality results from the improvement of health services in Brazil and the control of other risk factors. Approximately 15% of deaths from ischemic heart disease in Brazil could be avoided if people met the recommendations for physical activity.