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The 2023 Mexican Healthy and Sustainable Dietary Guidelines (HSDG 2023) were developed to include all dimensions of sustainability. Here we compare the environmental impact and cost of diets based on the HSDG 2023, current diets and the Mexican-adapted EAT healthy reference diet. Diets following HSDG 2023 are 21% less expensive, require 30% less land to be produced and have 34% less carbon emissions than current diets-particularly in Mexico City and other urban areas with higher prevalence of Westernized diets. This is driven by reduced animal-source food, especially red meat, and ultra-processed foods. In south-rural areas, the water footprint and cost of diets following HSDG 2023 were higher than those of current diets owing to increased intake of nuts, fruits and vegetables not offset by lower meat consumption (which is already close to recommendations). Diet environmental impact and cost could be further reduced with the Mexican-adapted EAT healthy reference diet compared with the HSDG 2023.

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Romania has good agricultural resources and declining meat consumption, yet the country's meat imports are on the rise. This study uses Balassa's idea to link national trade patterns to worldwide ones and extends it, for the period between 2004 and 2019, to the ratio between prices and to the ratio between variables describing intra-industry trade. For price ratios, this study showed that Romania imported primarily inferior qualities of meat, particularly at the beginning of the study period. Regarding intra-industry trade, the Romanian trend moves in the opposite direction to the worldwide trend. Although, the trade of meat parts compared with whole/ half carcasses is on the rise internationally, it is declining in Romania, probably due to increasing competitiveness of the industry.

A Romênia tem bons recursos agrícolas e declínio no consumo de carne, mas as importações de carne do país estão aumentando. Este estudo usa a ideia de Balassa para vincular os padrões de comércio nacional aos mundiais e estende-a, para o período entre 2004 e 2019, à razão entre os preços e à razão entre as variáveis que descrevem o comércio intra-indústria. Para as relações de preços, este estudo mostra que a Romênia importou principalmente qualidades inferiores de carne, especialmente no início do período de estudo. No que diz respeito ao comércio intra-indústria, a tendência romena move-se na direção oposta à tendência mundial. Embora o comércio de partes de carne em comparação com carcaças inteiras / meias carcaças esteja crescendo internacionalmente, apresenta uma diminunuição na Romênia, provavelmente devido ao aumento da competitividade da indústria.

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Investigating the factors that affect broiler chicken prices in Turkey is vital for understanding market formation. The parameters and factors likely to influence the price of broiler chicken were analyzed for the period between 2010-2020 in Turkey. The study adopted the boosting regression model to predict the correlation between broiler chicken consumer price and variable factors like broiler feed, corn, soybean meal, wheat prices, the dollar exchange rate, producer price index (PPI), and agricultural PPI. The accuracy of the estimation of the regression model created according to the results of the analysis was calculated as 86%. The producer price index variable caused the highest relative impact (25.63%) on broiler chicken meat prices. The highest positive correlation was obtained between the producer price index and the agricultural PPI (r = 0.984). Thus, it was determined that chicken prices were affected by feed raw material prices and the general economic conditions in Turkey. In addition to improving the prevailing economic conditions, an effective price control mechanism is required to prevent excessive price fluctuations in the sector. Simultaneously, it is essential to create policies to reduce input costs.(AU)

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The Brazilian poultry industry is undergoing a process of increasing rigor regarding production practices related to breeding and pre-slaughter operations since animal welfare is an extremely important subject that has received great attention in the developed countries. Brazil is one of the greatest producers of chicken meat, concerns have existed in the sense of adequacy to continue attending to the demand of export and maintenance of the position of leadership, in front of the other market players. One of the key points is the necessity to improve the intensive farming, which currently has many obstacles that prejudice the basic principles of animal welfare assurance. Relatively simple problems in handling animals, litter and equipment, as well as the lack of preventive maintenance in the facilities are the main ones responsible for the thermal discomfort and quality of life of these animals. Despite all the considerations raised, a large part of the Brazilian consumers is still unaware of intensive farming and the way animals are raising on the farm until their plates, being surrounded by myths and false beliefs. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to address the main critical issues affecting the welfare of broiler chickens in intensive commercial production.

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The Brazilian poultry industry is undergoing a process of increasing rigor regarding production practices related to breeding and pre-slaughter operations since animal welfare is an extremely important subject that has received great attention in the developed countries. Brazil is one of the greatest producers of chicken meat, concerns have existed in the sense of adequacy to continue attending to the demand of export and maintenance of the position of leadership, in front of the other market players. One of the key points is the necessity to improve the intensive farming, which currently has many obstacles that prejudice the basic principles of animal welfare assurance. Relatively simple problems in handling animals, litter and equipment, as well as the lack of preventive maintenance in the facilities are the main ones responsible for the thermal discomfort and quality of life of these animals. Despite all the considerations raised, a large part of the Brazilian consumers is still unaware of intensive farming and the way animals are raising on the farm until their plates, being surrounded by myths and false beliefs. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to address the main critical issues affecting the welfare of broiler chickens in intensive commercial production.(AU)

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The objective of this study was to examine the structure and competitiveness of the global sheep meat market using econometric indices (Balassa's revealed comparative advantage, relative position market [RPM], relative export advantage [RXA], imported specialization index [RMA], relative trade advantage [RTA], and net export index [NEI]), as well as sheep meat production, structure, consumption, and trade volume for 151 countries with sustained participation in the global trade market for sheep meat from 2003 to 2013. A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to classify countries. We observed that structure, production, and imports of sheep meat were unconcentrated, e.g., there is no country dominating for those indices; in contrast, the export market was highly concentrated with a duopolistic structure. For trade competitiveness, New Zealand, the Republic of Macedonia, and Sudan were competitive and specialized, while New Zealand and Australia were dominant in the international trade market. The global sheep meat market has become more concentrated, as it has developed as a specialized market. Therefore, there is a need for a holistic vision and understanding of the global sheep meat market so that its impact on farmers can be foreseen.(AU)

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Food security is important, and is being increasingly focused on during animal production. In bovine carcasses, we can find hematomas that are the consequences of traumas caused by several factors. These cause the extravasation of blood from vessels, causing the blood to accumulate in muscular tissues, which can then serve as a substrate for bacterial proliferation. The objective of this study was to quantify the occurrence of hematomas in bovine carcasses and to determine their degree of severity, to measure the economic impact these hematomas can cause. The slaughter of 385 animals was monitored, and 56.88% showed some type of hematoma. In injured animals, there were a total of 427 lesions, with an average of 1.94 of injuries per animal. There was a total loss of 65.7 kg of meat, with following proportional distribution: 12.32% in the front room (8.1 kg), 33.18% near the ribs and the lumbar region (21.8 kg), and 54.49% (35.8 kg) in the hindquarter. The resulting economic loss was calculated to be a total of US$ 206.66 (R$ 817.93). We conclude that the occurrence of hematoma lesions in bovine carcasses from the north central mesoregion of Paraná is responsible for economic losses.

A segurança alimentar é importante e ganha a cada dia maior ênfase na produção animal. Nas carcaças bovinas, podemos encontrar hematomas que são consequências de traumas causados por diversos fatores, o que causa o extravasamento de sangue dos vasos, que acabam ficando contidos nos tecidos musculares, podendo servir de substrato para proliferação de bactérias. Objetivou-se quantificar a ocorrência de hematomas em carcaças bovinas e determinar o grau de severidade destes, a fim de mensurar o impacto econômico causado. Realizou-se o acompanhamento do abate de 385 animais e constatou-se que 56,88% apresentavam algum tipo de hematoma. Dentre os animais lesionados houve um total de 427 lesões, sendo em média 1,94 de lesões por animal. Perfazendo uma perda de 65,7 kg de carne no total, distribuídos em 12,32% no quarto dianteiro (8,1kg), 33,18% na região das costelas e lombar (21,8kg), e maior perda no quarto traseiro, sendo 54,49% (35,8 kg). O resultado econômico das perdas evidenciam um total de U$ 206,66 (R$ 817,93). Foi possível concluir que a ocorrência de lesões decorrentes de hematomas em carcaças bovinas provenientes da mesorregião norte central do Paraná é responsável por perdas econômicas.

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Food security is important, and is being increasingly focused on during animal production. In bovine carcasses, we can find hematomas that are the consequences of traumas caused by several factors. These cause the extravasation of blood from vessels, causing the blood to accumulate in muscular tissues, which can then serve as a substrate for bacterial proliferation. The objective of this study was to quantify the occurrence of hematomas in bovine carcasses and to determine their degree of severity, to measure the economic impact these hematomas can cause. The slaughter of 385 animals was monitored, and 56.88% showed some type of hematoma. In injured animals, there were a total of 427 lesions, with an average of 1.94 of injuries per animal. There was a total loss of 65.7 kg of meat, with following proportional distribution: 12.32% in the front room (8.1 kg), 33.18% near the ribs and the lumbar region (21.8 kg), and 54.49% (35.8 kg) in the hindquarter. The resulting economic loss was calculated to be a total of US$ 206.66 (R$ 817.93). We conclude that the occurrence of hematoma lesions in bovine carcasses from the north central mesoregion of Paraná is responsible for economic losses.(AU)

A segurança alimentar é importante e ganha a cada dia maior ênfase na produção animal. Nas carcaças bovinas, podemos encontrar hematomas que são consequências de traumas causados por diversos fatores, o que causa o extravasamento de sangue dos vasos, que acabam ficando contidos nos tecidos musculares, podendo servir de substrato para proliferação de bactérias. Objetivou-se quantificar a ocorrência de hematomas em carcaças bovinas e determinar o grau de severidade destes, a fim de mensurar o impacto econômico causado. Realizou-se o acompanhamento do abate de 385 animais e constatou-se que 56,88% apresentavam algum tipo de hematoma. Dentre os animais lesionados houve um total de 427 lesões, sendo em média 1,94 de lesões por animal. Perfazendo uma perda de 65,7 kg de carne no total, distribuídos em 12,32% no quarto dianteiro (8,1kg), 33,18% na região das costelas e lombar (21,8kg), e maior perda no quarto traseiro, sendo 54,49% (35,8 kg). O resultado econômico das perdas evidenciam um total de U$ 206,66 (R$ 817,93). Foi possível concluir que a ocorrência de lesões decorrentes de hematomas em carcaças bovinas provenientes da mesorregião norte central do Paraná é responsável por perdas econômicas.(AU)

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Atypical enteropathogenic (serotypes O4:H16, O8:H25, O68:H2, O105:H7, and OR:H25) and Shigatoxigenic (ONT:H46) Escherichia coli were isolated from samples of ground beef and poultry breast purchased in Botucatu, Brazil. Phenotypic and molecular characterization indicated the potential of these isolates to adhere to host epithelial cells and cause damage.

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Para avaliar a incidência e estimar as perdas econômicas decorrentes de lesões nodulares características de reação vacinal contra febre aftosa foi acompanhado o abate de 72.000 bovinos no Mato Grosso do Sul, de maio a junho de 2018. O estudo foi realizado com base na avaliação macroscópica das lesões, que resultaram em uma incidência/mês média de 99,0% no rebanho abatido. O peso médio de descarte devido ao abscesso foi de 1,56kg/carcaça e a perda estimada foi de 673.920kg/ano ou 44.928 arrobas/ano. O preço médio de venda da carne foi de R$ 11,65/kg, sendo estimada perda de R$ 7.851.168,00/ano (US$ 2.116.117,79/ano). A elevada incidência de lesões nodulares características de reação à vacina contra febre aftosa nos bovinos abatidos no Mato Grosso do Sul representa um problema sanitário e econômico relevante na cadeia da carne.

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