RESUMO
Atherosclerosis is a progressive disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the arterial walls, associated with genetic and infectious factors. The present study investigated the involvement of Chlamydia trachomatis and Chlamydia pneumoniae infections and immunological markers (C-reactive protein, CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10) in the process of atherosclerosis. The evaluation included 159 patients for surgical revascularization (CAD) and 71 patients for surgical heart valve disease (HVD) at three hospitals in Belém, Brazil. The control group (CG) comprised 300 healthy individuals. Blood samples collected before surgery were used for antibodies detection (enzyme immunoassay), CRP (immunoturbidimetry) and IL-6 levels (enzyme immunoassay). Tissue fragments (atheroma plaque, heart valve and ascending aorta) were collected during surgery and subjected to qPCR for detection of bacterial DNA. Promoter region polymorphisms of each marker and relative quantification of TNF-α, IL-8, and IL-10 gene expression were performed. Demography and social information were similar to the general population involved with both diseases. Antibody prevalence to C. trachomatis was 30.6, 20.3, and 36.7% (in the CAD, HVD, and CG, respectively) and to C. pneumoniae was 83.6, 84.5, and 80.3% (in the CAD, HVD, and CG, respectively). C. trachomatis cryptic plasmid DNA was detected in 7.4% of the samples. Frequency of IL6-174G>C polymorphism was higher in CAD and HVD than in CG regardless of previous exposure to Chlamydia. Previous C. trachomatis infection showed involvement in HVD and CAD. Significant association between disease and previous C. pneumoniae infection was found only among HVD. GG genotype of IL6-174G>C is apparently a risk factor for heart disease, whereas AT genotype of IL8-251A>T was mainly involved in valvulopathies, including patients with prior exposure to C. pneumoniae.
Assuntos
Aterosclerose/microbiologia , Infecções por Chlamydia/epidemiologia , Chlamydia trachomatis/fisiologia , Chlamydophila pneumoniae/fisiologia , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/microbiologia , Interleucina-6/genética , Interleucina-8/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Aterosclerose/epidemiologia , Aterosclerose/imunologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Proteína C-Reativa/genética , Feminino , Estudos de Associação Genética , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/epidemiologia , Doenças das Valvas Cardíacas/imunologia , Humanos , Interleucina-10/genética , Interleucina-6/sangue , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polimorfismo Genético , Prevalência , Regiões Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Risco , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Chlamydia trachomatis is the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the world. Approximately 80% of infected women are asymptomatic, although this infection can lead to serious complications in the female reproductive tract. Few data on Chlamydia infection are available in rural Amazonian communities. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence of sexual C. trachomatis infection in women from Marajó Archipelago communities in the Amazon region of Brazil and to identify associated factors and genotypes. METHODS: We utilized amplification of the ompA gene by nested PCR. Positive samples were genotyped by sequencing. Study participants completed a questionnaire on social, epidemiological, and reproductive health variables. A Poisson regression was used to evaluate the degree of association of these variables with the infection. RESULTS: The sexual infection by C. trachomatis was observed in 4% (16/393) of the subjects, and was more often found in women aged ≤25 (14.3%; 95% CI = 2.83-35.47; p <0.001), and in women with a household income of less than one Brazilian monthly minimum wage (5.2%; 95% CI = 1.33-11.37; p = 0.014). The ompA gene was sequenced in 13 samples, revealing F genotypes (38.4%, n = 5), D (23%, n = 3), E (15.3%, n = 2), Ia (7.6%, N = 1), J (7.6%, n = 1) and B (7.6%, n = 1). CONCLUSIONS: We recorded a high prevalence of sexual infection by C. trachomatis in young and poor women from the interior of the Brazilian Amazon. This high prevalence and the frequencies of the main genotypes were similar to those found in major Brazilian urban centers. Our results reinforce the importance of the screening of this neglected infection, and the prevention of later sequelae in young women from rural and urban areas of Brazil.
Assuntos
Infecções por Chlamydia/epidemiologia , Chlamydia trachomatis/fisiologia , Ilhas/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Chlamydia trachomatis/genética , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prevalência , Saúde Reprodutiva , Fatores de Risco , Comportamento Sexual , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The role of innate cells and their receptors within the male genital tract remains poorly understood. Much less is known about the relative contribution of different genital tract cells such as epithelial/stromal cells and resident leucocytes. In this study, we examined innate immune responses to Chlamydia trachomatis by prostate epithelial/stromal cells and prostate resident leucocytes. Murine prostate primary cultures were performed and leucocyte and epithelial/stromal cells were sorted based on surface protein expression of CD45 by magnetism-activated cell sorting or fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Prostate derived CD45- and CD45+ cells were infected with C. trachomatis and chemokine secretion assayed by ELISA. Similar experiments were performed using prostate CD45+ and CD45- cells from myeloid differentiation factor 88 (Myd88(-/-)) mice or toll-like receptor (Tlr2(-/-)) and Tlr4(mutant) double-deficient mice. Moreover, a TLR-signalling pathway array was used to screen changes in different genes involved in TLR-signalling pathways by real-time PCR. Prostate derived CD45- and CD45+ cells responded to chlamydial infection with the production of different chemokines. Both populations expressed genes involved in TLR signalling and required to respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns and to C. trachomatis infection. Both populations required the adaptor molecule MYD88 to elicit chemokine response against C. trachomatis. TLR2-TLR4 was essential for chemokine production by CD45+ prostate derived cells, but in their absence, CD45- cells still produced significant levels of chemokines. We demonstrate that C. trachomatis is differentially recognised by prostate derived CD45+ and CD45- cells and suggest that diverse strategies are taking place in the local microenvironment of the host in response to the infection.
Assuntos
Quimiocinas/metabolismo , Infecções por Chlamydia/patologia , Chlamydia trachomatis/fisiologia , Antígenos Comuns de Leucócito/metabolismo , Próstata/metabolismo , Próstata/patologia , Animais , Células Cultivadas , Quimiocina CXCL1/metabolismo , Infecções por Chlamydia/genética , Infecções por Chlamydia/metabolismo , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C3H , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Camundongos Transgênicos , Fator 88 de Diferenciação Mieloide/genética , Fator 88 de Diferenciação Mieloide/fisiologia , Cultura Primária de Células , Próstata/microbiologia , Regulação para CimaRESUMO
Chlamydia trachomatis are obligate intracellular bacteria that survive and replicate in a bacterial-modified phagosome called inclusion. As other intracellular parasites, these bacteria subvert the phagocytic pathway to avoid degradation in phagolysosomes and exploit trafficking pathways to acquire both energy and nutrients essential for their survival. Rabs are host proteins that control intracellular vesicular trafficking. Rab14, a Golgi-related Rab, controls Golgi to endosomes transport. Since Chlamydia establish a close relationship with the Golgi apparatus, the recruitment and participation of Rab14 on inclusion development and bacteria growth were analyzed. Time course analysis revealed that Rab14 associated with inclusions by 10 h post infection and was maintained throughout the entire developmental cycle. The recruitment was bacterial protein synthesis-dependent but independent of microtubules and Golgi integrity. Overexpression of Rab14 dominant negative mutants delayed inclusion enlargement, and impaired bacteria replication as determined by IFU. Silencing of Rab14 by siRNA also decreased bacteria multiplication and infectivity. By electron microscopy, aberrant bacteria were observed in cells overexpressing the cytosolic negative Rab14 mutant. Our results showed that Rab14 facilitates the delivery of sphingolipids required for bacterial development and replication from the Golgi to chlamydial inclusions. Novel anti-chlamydial therapies could be developed based on the knowledge of how bacteria subvert host vesicular transport events through Rabs manipulation.
Assuntos
Chlamydia trachomatis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Complexo de Golgi/metabolismo , Esfingolipídeos/metabolismo , Proteínas rab de Ligação ao GTP/metabolismo , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Transporte Biológico , Chlamydia trachomatis/metabolismo , Chlamydia trachomatis/fisiologia , Complexo de Golgi/ultraestrutura , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/genética , Proteínas de Fluorescência Verde/metabolismo , Células HeLa , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Humanos , Corpos de Inclusão/metabolismo , Corpos de Inclusão/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Confocal , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Interferência de RNA , Proteínas rab de Ligação ao GTP/genéticaRESUMO
El diagnostico y tratamiento de la Chlamydia trachomatis como factor de esterilidad en la pareja humana y como causa de infertilidad en la mujer gestante, es algo mas o menos raro en la nosografia publicada y se constituia, hasta hace unos años, en un poco frecuente hallazgo en la practica de la especialidad. Sin embargo, recientemente con los medios biotecnologicos a nuestro alcance, su frecuencia, investigacion y tratamiento se han convertido en una necesidad en la metodologia de diagnostico, tanto de la pareja que no logra gestaciones, como de aquella en la que el embarazo no culmina afortunadamente. La comunicacion es una proyeccion inicial de un trabajo mayor de proxima publicacion.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Chlamydia trachomatis/fisiologia , Chlamydia trachomatis/patogenicidade , Infertilidade/complicações , Infertilidade/fisiopatologia , Infertilidade Feminina/fisiopatologia , Ligação do Par , Uretrite/complicações , Uretrite/fisiopatologia , Bolívia , Doença Inflamatória Pélvica/complicaçõesRESUMO
Se compararon 60 pacientes con problemas de infertilidad con 120 mujeres multíparas : se investigó la presencia de Chlamydia trachomatis tanto en el endometrio como en el endocervix, utilizando, la inmunofluorescencia directa (MICROTRAK). Los controles tenían significativamente mayor de edad, más años de vida sexual y mayor número de abortos. Con relación a la presencia de C. trachomatis se encontró mayor positividad en el grupo control tanto en el endocervix (33 por ciento Vs. 12 por ciento no significativamente), como el endometrio (38 por ciento Vs. 17 por ciento), como también mayor positividad simultánea en ambos sitios anatómicos, sin embargo sólo se encontró diferencia significativa (p 0.005 ) en cuanto a la muestra endometrial en favor del grupo control. Se llama la atención hacia la alta prevalencia de infección por C. trachomatis en la población de mujeres fértiles
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Chlamydia trachomatis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Chlamydia trachomatis/imunologia , Chlamydia trachomatis/patogenicidade , Chlamydia trachomatis/fisiologiaRESUMO
Con el fin de conocer la asociación de Chlamydia trachomatis con diversos síndromes, se estudiaron 111 mujeres distribuidas en 5 grupos de acuerdo al diagnóstico. Se utilizó la técnica de Inmunofluorescencia con anticuerpos monoclonales en muestra endocervical obtenida de todas las pacientes. Seis de 30 pacientes (20 por ciento) estudiadas con diagnóstico de cervicitis en un centro de control de venéreas, fueron positivas para Chlamydia trachomatis; una de 30(3.3 por ciento) mujeres asintomáticas en el tercer trimestre del embarazo fue igualmente positiva. No se encontró positividad para éste microorganismo en 17 mujeres con diagnóstico de cervicitis en un hospital general, en 7 mujeres con diagnóstico de infertilidad con factor tubárico comprobado, ni en 9 mujeres con diagnóstico reciente de embarazo ectópico. En los grupos con diagnóstico de infertilidad y embarazo ectópico se midieron anticuerpos anticlamidia tipo IgG en una muestra de suero de todas las pacientes. Se utilizó la técnica de Inmunofluorescencia indirecta. Cinco de ocho pacientes infértiles y dos de veinte pacientes con embarazo ectópico reciente presentaron títulos de anticuerpos entre 1:8 a 1:64. No se observaron títulos mayores de 1:64 en ninguna de las pacientes estudiadas. Se observó una diferencia significativa(p 0.001) en el número total de embarazos para estos dos grupos de acuerdo con los títulos de anticuerpos