RESUMO
INTRODUÇÃO: A obesidade no idoso, além de estar associada à piora de doenças relacionadas à síndrome metabólica e a distúrbios osteoarticulares, aumenta o risco de quedas, síndrome de fragilidade, depressão e demência, com consequente perda de funcionalidade. Entre todos os tratamentos disponíveis, a cirurgia bariátrica é uma alternativa em pacientes elegíveis. OBJETIVOS: Discutir aspectos relacionados à segurança e aos benefícios da cirurgia bariátrica para o controle ou a remissão de comorbidades no idoso. METODOLOGIA: Foi realizada revisão de literatura em bases de dados utilizando os seguintes descritores: bariatric surgery and elderly or aged or older adult and comorbidities or safety. Foram incluídos ensaios clínicos, estudos observacionais, estudos comparativos e revisões que avaliaram o efeito da cirurgia bariátrica no controle ou na remissão de comorbidades em idosos. RESULTADOS: Nos últimos anos, vários estudos têm demonstrado não apenas controle ou remissão de comorbidades como diabetes, hipertensão e síndrome da apneia do sono, mas também reduzida taxa de complicações, semelhante à observada em jovens. CONCLUSÕES: Com base nos resultados desses estudos, há espaço para que procedimentos de cirurgia bariátrica sejam indicados a idosos elegíveis, sem limite de idade, considerando também aspectos funcionais e de expectativa de vida.
INTRODUCTION: In addition to being associated with worsening of diseases related to metabolic syndrome and musculoskeletal disorders, obesity in older adults increases the risk of falls, frailty syndrome, depression, and dementia, with consequent functional loss. Among all treatments available, bariatric surgery is an option for eligible patients. OBJECTIVES: To discuss aspects related to the safety and benefits of bariatric surgery for the control or remission of comorbidities in older adults. METHODS: This literature review was carried out in databases, using the following keywords: bariatric surgery and elderly or aged or older adult and comorbidities or safety. We included clinical trials, observational studies, comparative studies, and reviews that evaluated the effect of bariatric surgery on the control or remission of comorbidities in older adults. RESULTS: In recent years, several studies have evidenced not only control or remission of comorbidities, such as diabetes, hypertension, and sleep apnea syndrome, but also a low rate of complications, similar to those observed in young people. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of these studies, bariatric surgical procedures can be indicated for eligible older adults, without age restriction, taking into account functional and life expectancy aspects.
Assuntos
Humanos , Idoso , Cirurgia Bariátrica/mortalidade , Cirurgia Bariátrica/reabilitação , Obesidade/terapia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Comorbidade , Saúde do IdosoRESUMO
AIMS: Our main goal is to study the effects on the carbohydrate metabolism. Thus, we designed various experimental surgical models on healthy non-obese Wistar rats to reproduce several conditions. In this sense, we report a new experimental model. It is well known that bariatric surgery has important effects on the control of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The underlying reasons are yet unknown, although the different theories focused in the release of different hormones after the pass of the nutrients through the tract. These released hormones have opposite effects that come together in a balanced glycemic metabolism. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After bariatric surgical techniques, the modified anatomy resulted in an imbalance of the secreted hormones. Wistar rats were randomized in two groups Sham and surgical group. Our model consisted on the transposition of the terminal ileum right after the pylorus. Weight gain, food intake, and basal glycemia were measured weekly. RESULTS: We did not obtain significant differences between both groups for these functional variables. CONCLUSIONS: This technique involved an early pass of the bolus through the ileum. The change on the luminal pH, along with the lack of enzymes to absorb the content, or the changes in the release of several hormones must be variables to the study. The mortality rate was assumable considering it was an experimental model on animals.
OBJETIVO: Crear un nuevo modelo quirúrgico experimental en ratas Wistar sanas no obesas para estudiar los efectos del metabolismo glucídico. Es bien sabido que las técnicas de cirugía bariátrica tienen un efecto importante sobre la resolución de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Se han invocado diferentes hipótesis, algunas centradas en el papel que tienen distintas hormonas secretadas por el propio tubo digestivo tras el paso de los nutrientes a su través, pero las razones últimas subyacentes permanecen desconocidas. El efecto contrapuesto de dichas hormonas consigue un efecto de control glucémico. El desequilibrio hormonal tras las alteraciones anatómicas de las cirugías bariátricas podría estar en la base de dicha mejora del metabolismo glucídico final. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Las ratas fueron operadas en dos grupos (control quirúrgico y experimental) y se procedió a disponerles el íleon anastomosado al antro pilórico, previo al esfínter pilórico. Medimos distintos parámetros funcionales (ganancia de peso, ingesta y glucemias semanales). RESULTADOS: No obtuvimos diferencias significativas en la evolución de estos parámetros. CONCLUSIONES: Este modelo será útil para nuestro propósito de estudiar el íleon, en su componente secretor de enterohormonas, cuando el paso de los nutrientes se produzca tempranamente. La mortalidad fue asumible, dada la innovación técnica realizada.
Assuntos
Glicemia/metabolismo , Duodeno/cirurgia , Trânsito Gastrointestinal/fisiologia , Íleo/cirurgia , Modelos Animais , Anastomose Cirúrgica/métodos , Anastomose Cirúrgica/mortalidade , Animais , Cirurgia Bariátrica/métodos , Cirurgia Bariátrica/mortalidade , Glicemia/análise , Metabolismo dos Carboidratos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/metabolismo , Duodeno/fisiologia , Ingestão de Alimentos , Íleo/fisiologia , Incretinas/metabolismo , Masculino , Piloro/fisiologia , Distribuição Aleatória , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Aumento de PesoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Obesity is a global health problem that also affects older adults. In Chile, as in most of the developing countries, more than half of older adults are overweight or obese, and bariatric surgery may be riskier for this group. The aim of this study is to compare our experience in patients over 60 years of age with a control group to determine associated surgical morbidity and mortality. METHODS: Case-control study of bariatric surgeries performed between 2006 and 2017 in our institution. Patients aged ≥ 60 years for the case group versus control group for patients ≤ 50 years selected randomly, matched by body mass index, type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, surgical technique, and gender (ratio 1:2). Primary endpoint was surgical morbidity, 30-day readmission, and mortality. RESULTS: Seventy-two patients in case group were matched with 144 patients in control group. Surgical complications rate was the same for both groups. No differences were observed in the conversion to open surgery rate or 30-day readmission rate. There was no mortality in this series. CONCLUSION: In this case-control study, being elderly does not increase the risk of morbidity and mortality associated with bariatric surgery.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Cirurgia Bariátrica/efeitos adversos , Obesidade Mórbida/epidemiologia , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/epidemiologia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Cirurgia Bariátrica/métodos , Cirurgia Bariátrica/mortalidade , Cirurgia Bariátrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Chile/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/mortalidade , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/cirurgia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Morbidade , Obesidade/complicações , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Obesidade/mortalidade , Obesidade/cirurgia , Obesidade Mórbida/complicações , Obesidade Mórbida/mortalidade , Sobrepeso/epidemiologia , Sobrepeso/etiologia , Sobrepeso/mortalidade , Sobrepeso/cirurgia , Readmissão do Paciente/estatística & dados numéricos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/mortalidade , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
The practice of metabolic and bariatric surgery for adolescents with severe obesity has been increasing, and evidence of the outcomes in the long term remains unclear. The aim of this study was to review and analyze the outcomes of this therapy in adolescents with a follow-up ≥5 years. MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane databases were systematically searched. Inclusion criteria were 10- to < 20-year-old adolescents, 5 years minimum of follow-up, and a retention rate ≥70% at 5 years of follow-up. Adiposity indicators outcomes, co-morbidity remission, and complications were analyzed. A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria. Surgeries performed included gastric bypass, gastric band, and sleeve gastrectomy. The age of the participants ranged from 13 to 17 years. The longest follow-up after intervention was 156 months. Mean body mass index at baseline and follow-up was 47 and 32.4 kg/m 2 , respectively. Most of the studies reported weight regain within 1 to 12 years of follow-up. Remission rate of co-morbidities was 75% for dyslipidemia, 78% for musculoskeletal problems, 85% for hypertension, and 85% for type 2 diabetes. Not all studies stated that they were looking for all complications. Iron deficiency and anemia were high, ranging from 30% to 70% and 16% to 50%, respectively. The review indicates that there is low to moderate evidence that metabolic and bariatric surgery in adolescents with severe obesity after 5 years of follow-up results in substantial reduction in body mass index, and very low to low evidence in the resolution of related co-morbidities. Although long-term complications were inadequately reported or nonreported, a high prevalence of iron deficiency and anemia was found. Because maternal anemia might be implicated in deleterious effects for offspring, monitoring female patients for anemia after metabolic and bariatric surgery is strongly recommended. Further high-quality studies with long-term follow-up are warranted to assess related co-morbidities and long-term complications.
Assuntos
Cirurgia Bariátrica , Obesidade Mórbida , Adolescente , Adulto , Cirurgia Bariátrica/efeitos adversos , Cirurgia Bariátrica/métodos , Cirurgia Bariátrica/mortalidade , Cirurgia Bariátrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidade Mórbida/epidemiologia , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objetivo: caracterizar as hospitalizações pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) para realização de cirurgias bariátricas no Brasil, no período 2010-2016. Métodos: estudo descritivo de séries temporais, com dados do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do SUS (SIH/SUS); sua população-alvo, pacientes na idade de 16 ou mais anos. Resultados: foram realizadas 46.035 internações (6.576/ano; 4,3/100 mil hab./ano); a média de idade foi de 39,0 anos (desvio-padrão: 10,4); o sexo feminino predominou (85,4%) e a faixa etária de 35-39 anos concentrou 18,0% dos casos; 16.923 pacientes (36,8%) necessitaram de unidade de tratamento intensivo (UTI); ocorreram 99 (0,2%) óbitos intra-hospitalares; a mediana de permanência hospitalar foi de 3 dias, e o intervalo interquartil, de 2 dias; o gasto médio anual foi de R$ 39.410.919,37 e o valor médio por internação atingiu R$ 5.992,75 (R$ 1.464,15/dia). Conclusão: as cirurgias bariátricas caracterizaram-se como procedimentos com adultos jovens do sexo feminino, uso frequente de UTI e baixa letalidade.
Objetivo: caracterizar hospitalizaciones por el Sistema Único de Salud (SUS) para cirugía bariátrica en Brasil, en el período 2010-2016. Métodos: estudio descriptivo con datos del Sistema de Información Hospitalaria del SUS (SIH/SUS); la población objeto se constituyó de pacientes con edad de 16 años o superior. Resultados: se realizaron 46.035 admisiones (6.576/año; 4,3/100 mil habitantes/año); la edad promedio fue de 39,0±10,4 años; el sexo femenino predominó (85,4%) y el grupo de edad de 35-39 años concentró 8.308 (18,0%) casos; 16.923 pacientes (36,8%) necesitaron unidad de tratamiento intensivo (UCI); se produjeron 99 (0,2%) muertes intrahospitalarias; la mediana de permanencia hospitalaria fue de 3 días y el rango intercuartil de 2 días; el gasto promedio anual fue de R$ 39.410.919,37 y el valor promedio por hospitalización de R$ 5.992,75 (R$ 1.464,15/día). Conclusión: las cirugías bariátricas se caracterizaron como procedimientos de mujeres adultas jóvenes, uso relativamente frecuente de la UCI y baja letalidad.
Objective: to characterize Brazilian National Health System (SUS) hospitalizations for bariatric surgeries in Brazil, in the period 2010-2016. Methods: this was a descriptive study of time series using data from the SUS Hospital Information System (SIH/SUS); the target population consisted of patients aged 16 years and older. Results: there were 46,035 hospitalizations (6,576/year; 4.3/100,000 inhabitants/year); average age was 39.0 years old (SD:10.4); female sex predominated (85.4%), and the 35-39 age group accounted for 18.0% of cases; 16,923 patients (36.8%) needed to be admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU); there were 99 (0.2%) in-hospital deaths; the median hospital stay was 3 days, and the interquartile range was 2 days; average annual expense was R$ 39,410,919.37 and the average cost of hospitalization was R$ 5,992.75 (R$ 1,464.15/day). Conclusion: bariatric surgeries were characterized as procedures involving young female adults, frequent ICU use and low lethality.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Obesidade Mórbida/reabilitação , Obesidade Mórbida/epidemiologia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Cirurgia Bariátrica/mortalidade , Cirurgia Bariátrica/reabilitação , Cirurgia Bariátrica/estatística & dados numéricos , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Sistema Único de Saúde , Brasil/epidemiologia , Gastroplastia/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos de Séries Temporais , Gastrectomia/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION:: Bariatric surgery has become the gold standard treatment for morbid obesity, but there is no consensus regarding its safety and efficacy among individuals with chronic liver diseases. OBJECTIVE:: To critically evaluate the existing evidence on literature about bariatric surgery in individuals with liver cirrhosis. METHOD:: Narrative review performed by means of an online search in the MEDLINE and LILACS databases. RESULTS:: Bariatric surgery is safe and effective in individuals with chronic liver disease without clinical decompensation or significant portal hypertension. Individuals with severe liver function impairment present significantly higher surgical morbidity and mortality. Among candidates to liver transplantation, surgery may be performed before, after and even during transplantation, and there is a predominant trend to perform it after. Vertical sleeve gastrectomy seems to be the most adequate technique in this group of subjects. CONCLUSION:: Bariatric surgery is safe and effective in individuals with compensated cirrhosis without significant portal hypertension, but presents higher morbidity. Among candidates to liver transplantation and/or individuals with severe portal hypertension, morbidity and mortality are significantly higher.
Assuntos
Cirurgia Bariátrica , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Cirrose Hepática/cirurgia , Obesidade Mórbida/complicações , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Cirurgia Bariátrica/mortalidade , Feminino , Derivação Gástrica/métodos , Humanos , Hipertensão Portal/cirurgia , Cirrose Hepática/mortalidade , Transplante de Fígado , Masculino , Morbidade , Obesidade Mórbida/mortalidade , Complicações Pós-OperatóriasRESUMO
Summary Introduction: Bariatric surgery has become the gold standard treatment for morbid obesity, but there is no consensus regarding its safety and efficacy among individuals with chronic liver diseases. Objective: To critically evaluate the existing evidence on literature about bariatric surgery in individuals with liver cirrhosis. Method: Narrative review performed by means of an online search in the MEDLINE and LILACS databases. Results: Bariatric surgery is safe and effective in individuals with chronic liver disease without clinical decompensation or significant portal hypertension. Individuals with severe liver function impairment present significantly higher surgical morbidity and mortality. Among candidates to liver transplantation, surgery may be performed before, after and even during transplantation, and there is a predominant trend to perform it after. Vertical sleeve gastrectomy seems to be the most adequate technique in this group of subjects. Conclusion: Bariatric surgery is safe and effective in individuals with compensated cirrhosis without significant portal hypertension, but presents higher morbidity. Among candidates to liver transplantation and/or individuals with severe portal hypertension, morbidity and mortality are significantly higher.
Resumo Introdução: A cirurgia bariátrica tornou-se nos últimos anos o tratamento padrão-ouro para a obesidade mórbida; porém, entre obesos portadores de hepatopatia crônica, não existe consenso a respeito de sua segurança e efetividade. Objetivo: Análise crítica da literatura existente sobre a realização de cirurgia bariátrica em portadores de cirrose hepática. Método: Revisão narrativa por meio de pesquisa online nas bases de dados Medline e Lilacs. Resultados: As cirurgias bariátricas em indivíduos cirróticos sem descompensação clínica levam a resultados satisfatórios. Já indivíduos com hepatopatia grave apresentam morbidade perioperatória e mortalidade significativamente maiores do que as observadas na população obesa sem hepatopatia. Em candidatos a transplante hepático, a cirurgia pode ser realizada antes, durante ou após o transplante, havendo uma tendência predominante à realização após o transplante. A gastrectomia vertical parece ser a técnica mais adequada nesse grupo de pacientes. Conclusão: A cirurgia bariátrica é segura e efetiva em portadores de cirrose hepática compensada e sem hipertensão portal; porém, apresenta maior morbidade. Em candidatos a transplante e/ou indivíduos com hipertensão portal significativa, a morbimortalidade é significativamente maior.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Obesidade Mórbida/complicações , Cirurgia Bariátrica/mortalidade , Cirrose Hepática/cirurgia , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Obesidade Mórbida/mortalidade , Derivação Gástrica/métodos , Morbidade , Transplante de Fígado , Hipertensão Portal/cirurgia , Cirrose Hepática/mortalidadeRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: in Chile, a high prevalence of women presents morbid obesity, this condition generates serious medical complications and high costs for public health. OBJECTIVE: to determine the effects of a total treatment program consisting of physical exercise, psychological therapy and nutrition education on the preoperative conditions of obese women candidates for bariatric surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: nineteen women between the ages of 30 and 55 applicants to bariatric surgery, with morbid obesity (n=6) or obesity and comorbidities (n=13), underwent a program of comprehensive treatment of sixteen weeks duration (3 session/week). Before and 72 hours after the last intervention session was evaluated on fasting (≥12 hours): body weight, body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat (% BF), contour waist (CW) and basal blood glucose. Cardiorespiratory fitness was also estimated. RESULTS: the average age was 40.32 years, post-sixteen weeks of comprehensive treatment study variables improved significantly (p.
Introducción: en Chile una alta prevalencia de mujeres presenta obesidad morbida; esta condicion genera serias complicaciones medicas y elevados costes para la salud publica. Objetivo: determinar los efectos de un programa de tratamiento integral compuesto de ejercicio fisico, terapia psicologica y educacion nutricional sobre las condiciones preoperatorias de mujeres obesas candidatas a cirugia bariatrica. Material y métodos: diecinueve mujeres entre 30 y 55 anos postulantes a cirugia bariatrica, con obesidad morbida (n = 6) u obesidad y comorbilidades (n=13), se sometieron a un programa de tratamiento integral de dieciseis semanas de duracion (3 sesiones/semana). Antes y 72 horas despues de la ultima sesion de intervencion se evaluo (en ayuno ≥ 12 horas): peso corporal, indice de masa corporal (IMC), porcentaje de masa grasa (%MG), contorno de cintura (CC) y glicemia basal. Se estimo tambien la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria. Resultados: la edad promedio fue de 40,32 anos; despues de dieciseis semanas de tratamiento integral las variables de estudio mejoraron significativamente (p.
Assuntos
Cirurgia Bariátrica/métodos , Obesidade Mórbida/terapia , Obesidade/terapia , Cuidados Pré-Operatórios/métodos , Adulto , Cirurgia Bariátrica/efeitos adversos , Cirurgia Bariátrica/mortalidade , Terapia por Exercício , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto , Período Pré-Operatório , Psicoterapia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is an option for sustained weight loss for the morbidly obese patient. In Brazil coexists the Unified Health System (SUS) with universal coverage and from which depend 150 million Brazilians and supplemental health security, predominantly private, with 50 million beneficiaries. AIM: To compare access, in-hospital mortality, length of stay and costs for patients undergoing bariatric surgery, assisted in one or another system. METHODS: Data from DATASUS and IBGE were used for SUS patients' and database from one health plan of southeastern Brazil for the health insurance patients. RESULTS: Between 2001 and 2010 there were 24,342 and 4,356 surgeries performed in SUS and in the health insurance company, respectively. The coverage rates for surgeries performed in 2010 were 5.3 and 91/100.000 individuals in SUS and health insurance respectively. The rate of in-hospital mortality in SUS, considering the entire country, was 0.55 %, 0.44 % considering SUS Southeast, and 0.30 % for the health insurance. The costs of surgery in the SUS and in the health insurance trend to equalization over the years. CONCLUSION: Despite differences in access and characteristics that may compromise the outcome of bariatric surgery, patients treated at the Southeast SUS had similar rate of in-hospital mortality compared to the health insurance patients. .
RACIONAL: A cirurgia bariátrica é uma opção de perda de peso sustentada para o indivíduo obeso mórbido. No Brasil coexistem o Sistema Único de Saúde, de cobertura universal do qual dependem 150 milhões de brasileiros e a saúde suplementar, de caráter predominantemente privado, com 50 milhões de beneficiários. OBJETIVO: Comparar acesso, mortalidade intra-hospitalar, tempo de permanência e custos para pacientes submetidos à cirurgia bariátrica, assistidos por um ou outro sistema. MÉTODOS: Foi utilizado o sistema TabNet do DATASUS e IBGE para pacientes SUS e banco de dados de uma operadora da região sudeste do Brasil para a saúde suplementar. RESULTADOS: Entre 2001 e 2010 foram 24.342 e 4.356 operações pelo SUS e operadora, respectivamente. Taxas operatórias realizadas em 2010 foram de 5,3 e 91/100.000 indivíduos no SUS e na operadora na saúde suplementar respectivamente. A taxa de mortalidade intra-hospitalar no SUS, considerando todo o Brasil, foi de 0,55%, na região sudeste 0,44%, e na operadora 0,30%. Os custos das operações no SUS e na saúde suplementar tendem à equiparação ao longo dos anos. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar da diferença no acesso e de características que podem comprometer o resultado da cirurgia bariátrica, os pacientes atendidos no SUS da região sudeste tiveram taxa de mortalidade intra-hospitalar semelhante aos da saúde suplementar. .
Assuntos
Adolescente , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Cirurgia Bariátrica/mortalidade , Sistemas Pré-Pagos de Saúde , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Obesidade Mórbida/mortalidade , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , Cobertura Universal do Seguro de Saúde , Brasil , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Bariatric surgery is an option for sustained weight loss for the morbidly obese patient. In Brazil coexists the Unified Health System (SUS) with universal coverage and from which depend 150 million Brazilians and supplemental health security, predominantly private, with 50 million beneficiaries. AIM: To compare access, in-hospital mortality, length of stay and costs for patients undergoing bariatric surgery, assisted in one or another system. METHODS: Data from DATASUS and IBGE were used for SUS patients' and database from one health plan of southeastern Brazil for the health insurance patients. RESULTS: Between 2001 and 2010 there were 24,342 and 4,356 surgeries performed in SUS and in the health insurance company, respectively. The coverage rates for surgeries performed in 2010 were 5.3 and 91/100.000 individuals in SUS and health insurance respectively. The rate of in-hospital mortality in SUS, considering the entire country, was 0.55 %, 0.44 % considering SUS Southeast, and 0.30 % for the health insurance. The costs of surgery in the SUS and in the health insurance trend to equalization over the years. CONCLUSION: Despite differences in access and characteristics that may compromise the outcome of bariatric surgery, patients treated at the Southeast SUS had similar rate of in-hospital mortality compared to the health insurance patients.