RESUMO
We report an individual from Brazil with SHORT syndrome. The term SHORT stands for its common characteristics: short stature (S), hyperextensibility of joints, and/or inguinal hernia (H), ocular depression (O), Rieger anomaly (R), and teething delay (T). In addition to most of the clinical signs previously described in SHORT syndrome, the patient presented here also shows microcephaly and intellectual disability. Diagnosis was confirmed by exome sequencing revealing a novel heterozygous variant c.1456G>A (p.Ala486Thr) at PIK3R1. Human recombinant growth hormone (r-hGH) therapy was administered prior to diagnosis; however, the use of r-hGH may have had a role in anticipating and worsening the glucose metabolic profile in the patient, as previously described. This article contributes to providing a better understanding of the SHORT syndrome genotype and its correlation with the phenotype, by comparing with it other reported cases.
Assuntos
Doenças Metabólicas , Nefrocalcinose , Adulto , Brasil , Classe Ia de Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinase/genética , Transtornos do Crescimento , Humanos , Hipercalcemia , Nefrocalcinose/diagnóstico , Nefrocalcinose/genética , FenótipoRESUMO
Weight regulation and the magnitude of weight loss after a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) can be genetically determined. DNA methylation patterns and the expression of some genes can be altered after weight loss interventions, including RYGB. The present study aimed to evaluate how the gene expression and DNA methylation of PIK3R1, an obesity and insulin-related gene, change after RYGB. Blood samples were obtained from 13 women (35.9 ± 9.2 years) with severe obesity before and six months after surgical procedure. Whole blood transcriptome and epigenomic patterns were assessed by microarray-based, genome-wide technologies. A total of 1966 differentially expressed genes were identified in the pre- and postoperative periods of RYGB. From these, we observed that genes involved in obesity and insulin pathways were upregulated after surgery. Then, the PIK3R1 gene was selected for further RT-qPCR analysis and cytosine-guanine nucleotide (CpG) sites methylation evaluation. We observed that the PI3KR1 gene was upregulated, and six DNA methylation CpG sites were differently methylated after bariatric surgery. In conclusion, we found that RYGB upregulates genes involved in obesity and insulin pathways.
Assuntos
Classe Ia de Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinase/genética , Metilação de DNA , Derivação Gástrica/métodos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Insulina/genética , Obesidade Mórbida/genética , Adulto , Classe Ia de Fosfatidilinositol 3-Quinase/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Insulina/metabolismo , Obesidade Mórbida/patologia , Obesidade Mórbida/cirurgia , TranscriptomaRESUMO
Phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases (PI3Ks) modulate cellular growth, proliferation, and survival; dysregulation of the PI3K pathway can lead to autoimmune disease and cancer. PIK3IP1 (or transmembrane inhibitor of PI3K [TrIP]) is a putative transmembrane regulator of PI3K. TrIP contains an extracellular kringle domain and an intracellular domain with homology to the inter-SH2 domain of the PI3K regulatory subunit p85, but the mechanism of TrIP function is poorly understood. We show that both the kringle and p85-like domains are necessary for TrIP inhibition of PI3K and that TrIP is down-modulated from the surface of T cells during T cell activation. In addition, we present evidence that the kringle domain may modulate TrIP function by mediating oligomerization. Using an inducible knockout mouse model, we show that TrIP-deficient T cells exhibit more robust activation and can mediate clearance of Listeria monocytogenes infection faster than WT mice. Thus, TrIP is a negative regulator of T cell activation and may represent a novel target for immune modulation.