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The Mercosur Technical Regulation for honey determines microbiological parameters for total coliforms and molds and/ yeasts, and absence of physical contaminants, of any nature. The purpose of this study was to verify the biological and physical contamin of Apis mellifera ligustica and Melipona fasciculata, commercialized in the northeastern region of the State of Pará, Brazil. The fourteen samples from informal trade of the municipalities of Bragança, Capanema, Nova Timboteua, São João de Pirabas, Salinas and Tracauateua were analyzed for the Most Probable Number of coliforms at 35ºC, Fungus and Yeast counts, besides the detection of dirt by Macro and Microscopy techniques. The results obtained from the microbiological analyzes were compared to the standard required by MERCOSUR, for coliforms. 57.14% of the samples were non-standard and ranged from <3.0 NMP/g to 20 NMP/g. The molds and/ yeast counts ranged from 1x10¹ CFU/g to 8.6x10² CFU/g, with a total of 21.42% of the samples being in disagreement with the legislation. From the macroscopic analysis, it was observed that, although 50% of the samples did not present any apparent dirt, microscopically it was possible to observe dirt in 100% of the samples of honey analyzed, which is out of the standard required by the Brazilian legislation. This shows the low sanitary quality of honey commercialized in this region of the state of Pará.(AU)

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A total of 792 conventional healthy 1-day-old Ross 308 broilers chicks (mixed gender) with average body weight of 42.30±1.14 g (mean ± SD) were used in the experiment, which lasted for 35 days. Chicks were randomly allotted into one of four treatment diets, each one having 11 replicate cages with 18 birds each, being fed corn-soybean meal (SBM) based diets. Dietary treatments were CON (basal diet with unvaccinated birds); OA = CON + 0.1% organic acids; ACB = CON + anti-coccidium vaccine; OAACV = CON + 0.1% organic acid + anti-coccidium vaccine. Significant results were observed, with improved body weight (p=0.059; 0.064; 0.034) during days 1-7, 8-21, and overall, respectively. Significant effects were also observed on the feed conversion ratio (p=0.037) through the overall experiment, with no effects on feed intake on OAACV as compared to other treatment groups. Total track digestibility of dry matter (p=0.049) improved significantly in the OAACV treatment group. Additionally, beneficial effects were observed in the OAACV treatment group, with improvements in fecal microbial population (increased lactobacillus) and reduced NH3 gas emissions. Broilers fed the OAACV treatment tended to display reduced drip loss in the meat samples analyzed on days 5 and 7 (p=0.067, 0.072). In summary, our findings revealed that dietary inclusion of organic acid supplementation with anti-coccidium had a beneficial effect on broilers affected by coccidian infection, also improving growth performance, digestibility, fecal Lactobacillus counts, and reducing NH3.(AU)

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A total of 792 conventional healthy 1-day-old Ross 308 broilers chicks (mixed gender) with average body weight of 42.30±1.14 g (mean ± SD) were used in the experiment, which lasted for 35 days. Chicks were randomly allotted into one of four treatment diets, each one having 11 replicate cages with 18 birds each, being fed corn-soybean meal (SBM) based diets. Dietary treatments were CON (basal diet with unvaccinated birds); OA = CON + 0.1% organic acids; ACB = CON + anti-coccidium vaccine; OAACV = CON + 0.1% organic acid + anti-coccidium vaccine. Significant results were observed, with improved body weight (p=0.059; 0.064; 0.034) during days 1-7, 8-21, and overall, respectively. Significant effects were also observed on the feed conversion ratio (p=0.037) through the overall experiment, with no effects on feed intake on OAACV as compared to other treatment groups. Total track digestibility of dry matter (p=0.049) improved significantly in the OAACV treatment group. Additionally, beneficial effects were observed in the OAACV treatment group, with improvements in fecal microbial population (increased lactobacillus) and reduced NH3 gas emissions. Broilers fed the OAACV treatment tended to display reduced drip loss in the meat samples analyzed on days 5 and 7 (p=0.067, 0.072). In summary, our findings revealed that dietary inclusion of organic acid supplementation with anti-coccidium had a beneficial effect on broilers affected by coccidian infection, also improving growth performance, digestibility, fecal Lactobacillus counts, and reducing NH3.

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This study investigated the effects of phytase inclusion in broiler breeder diets on fecal and egg characteristics. A total of 48 female broiler breeders were evaluated in this study from 21 to 31 weeks of age. The dietary treatments were fed from 30 to 31 wks of age, and included a Positive Control (PosCon) diet, containing 3.0% calcium and 0.50% available phosphorus (AvP); a Negative Control (NegCon) diet, with 3.0% calcium and 0.25% AvP; Negative Control diet + 275 FTU/kg phytase (NegCon+275), and Negative control diet + 550 FTU/kg phytase (NegCon+550). Egg, yolk, albumin, and eggshell weight, albumin height, and eggshell thickness were measured. Fecal parameters included fecal moisture, liquid portion, and mineral content. After 14 d on the experimental diets during the onset of lay, the NegCon+550 diet increased (p 0.01) fecal moisture content. In general, hens fed the highest enzyme level (NegCon+550) excreted fewer (p 0.05) divalent and trivalent cations, which included Al, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Zn. Fecal Na and K levels were not affected by dietary treatments. The NegCon+550 diet increased fecal P when compared with the NegCon and the NegCon+275 diets. The NegCon+550 and PosCon diets exhibited similar fecal P. No significant effects on egg characteristics were observed. It was concluded that during early lay, various signs of fecal changes would probably be observed at phytase dosages above approximately 500 FTU/kg characterized by increased fecal moisture content and excretion of P in broiler breeders.(AU)

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This study investigated the effects of phytase inclusion in broiler breeder diets on fecal and egg characteristics. A total of 48 female broiler breeders were evaluated in this study from 21 to 31 weeks of age. The dietary treatments were fed from 30 to 31 wks of age, and included a Positive Control (PosCon) diet, containing 3.0% calcium and 0.50% available phosphorus (AvP); a Negative Control (NegCon) diet, with 3.0% calcium and 0.25% AvP; Negative Control diet + 275 FTU/kg phytase (NegCon+275), and Negative control diet + 550 FTU/kg phytase (NegCon+550). Egg, yolk, albumin, and eggshell weight, albumin height, and eggshell thickness were measured. Fecal parameters included fecal moisture, liquid portion, and mineral content. After 14 d on the experimental diets during the onset of lay, the NegCon+550 diet increased (p 0.01) fecal moisture content. In general, hens fed the highest enzyme level (NegCon+550) excreted fewer (p 0.05) divalent and trivalent cations, which included Al, Fe, Mg, Mn, and Zn. Fecal Na and K levels were not affected by dietary treatments. The NegCon+550 diet increased fecal P when compared with the NegCon and the NegCon+275 diets. The NegCon+550 and PosCon diets exhibited similar fecal P. No significant effects on egg characteristics were observed. It was concluded that during early lay, various signs of fecal changes would probably be observed at phytase dosages above approximately 500 FTU/kg characterized by increased fecal moisture content and excretion of P in broiler breeders.

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A escassez de água no planeta faz com que seja cada vez mais necessária aconscientização da sociedade e a formulação de políticas públicas que permitama conservação das fontes nobres de água potável para abastecimento público.O processo de reuso de águas pré-tratadas em atividades industriais, porexemplo, tornam-se uma ferramenta interessante para utilização. Tais sistemasde reuso podem ser obtidos a partir de tratamentos alternativos de esgotodoméstico. Um dos sistemas que vem sendo cada vez mais divulgados no meioacadêmico e cientifico são as wetlands. Sistemas de tratamento que utilizammeio suporte e plantas adaptadas para remoção dos compostos patógenospresentes no esgoto. A pesquisa desenvolvida utilizou um sistema de wetlandsem perfil quadrado e retangular instalada na UNICAMP. O estudo durou novesemanas e possibilitou que se avaliasse o desempenho na remoção de coliformesfecais. Para a wetlands de perfil quadrado o desempenho foi de 35,49%,enquanto que para o sistema de perfil retangular o valor percentual foi de31,67%.(AU)

The scarcity of water on the planet makes it increasingly necessary to raiseawareness of society and to formulate public policies that allow the conservationof noble sources of drinking water for public supply. The process of reuse of pretreated water industrial activities, for example, become an interesting tool foruse. Such reuse systems can be obtained from alternative treatments ofdomestic sewage. One of the systems that are being increasingly disclosed inacademic and scientific environments are wetlands. Treatment systems that usesupport medium and adapted plants to remove the pathogenic compoundspresent in the sewage. The research developed used a square and rectangularprofile wetlands system installed in UNICAMP. The study lasted nine weeks andallowed the evaluation of fecal coliform removal performance. For the squareprofile wetlands the performance was 35.49%, while for the rectangular profilesystem the percentage value was 31.67%.(AU)

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A escassez de água no planeta faz com que seja cada vez mais necessária aconscientização da sociedade e a formulação de políticas públicas que permitama conservação das fontes nobres de água potável para abastecimento público.O processo de reuso de águas pré-tratadas em atividades industriais, porexemplo, tornam-se uma ferramenta interessante para utilização. Tais sistemasde reuso podem ser obtidos a partir de tratamentos alternativos de esgotodoméstico. Um dos sistemas que vem sendo cada vez mais divulgados no meioacadêmico e cientifico são as wetlands. Sistemas de tratamento que utilizammeio suporte e plantas adaptadas para remoção dos compostos patógenospresentes no esgoto. A pesquisa desenvolvida utilizou um sistema de wetlandsem perfil quadrado e retangular instalada na UNICAMP. O estudo durou novesemanas e possibilitou que se avaliasse o desempenho na remoção de coliformesfecais. Para a wetlands de perfil quadrado o desempenho foi de 35,49%,enquanto que para o sistema de perfil retangular o valor percentual foi de31,67%.

The scarcity of water on the planet makes it increasingly necessary to raiseawareness of society and to formulate public policies that allow the conservationof noble sources of drinking water for public supply. The process of reuse of pretreated water industrial activities, for example, become an interesting tool foruse. Such reuse systems can be obtained from alternative treatments ofdomestic sewage. One of the systems that are being increasingly disclosed inacademic and scientific environments are wetlands. Treatment systems that usesupport medium and adapted plants to remove the pathogenic compoundspresent in the sewage. The research developed used a square and rectangularprofile wetlands system installed in UNICAMP. The study lasted nine weeks andallowed the evaluation of fecal coliform removal performance. For the squareprofile wetlands the performance was 35.49%, while for the rectangular profilesystem the percentage value was 31.67%.

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O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar o conhecimento prévio e a assimilação das informações sobre giardíase pelos Agentes Comunitários de Saúde (ACS) de Foz do Iguaçu após intervenção educativa. Trata-se de um estudo comparativo de abordagem quantitativa com 55 ACS, do distrito sanitário Norte de Foz do Iguaçu. Foi utilizado um questionário contendo 10 questões fechadas sobre a giardíase que foi aplicado em dois momentos sequenciais da pesquisa. Inicialmente, foi aplicado um questionário para a avaliação do conhecimento prévio dos ACS sobre a giardíase. Em seguida, foi ministrada uma palestra sobre a doença para esse público e, aplicado novamente o questionário para a avaliação da assimilação das informações sobre a giardíase. Os dados coletados foram analisados pelo programa BioEstat 5.0® e utilizado o teste de Poisson, com significância de 5%. Foram identificadas fragilidades no conhecimento dos ACS na avaliação prévia para as variáveis investigadas (p<0,05). Após a intervenção educativa, observou-se aumento na média de acertos em todas as variáveis estudadas (p<0,05). A intervenção educativa favorece conhecimento aos ACS, possibilitando mudança no panorama da giardíase e, consequentemente melhora na qualidade de saúde da população.

The objective of this study was to compare the prior knowledge and assimilation of information regarding giardiasis by the Health Community Agents (HCA) from Foz do Iguaçu after educational intervention. This is a comparative study of the quantitative approach using 55 HCA from the northern health district in Foz do Iguaçu. A questionnaire containing 10 yes-or-no questions about giardiasis that was applied in two sequential moments of the research. Initially, a questionnaire was applied for assessing the HCA's prior knowledge regarding giardiasis. Then, the subjects attended a lecture on the disease and then, the questionnaire was applied again for assessing the assimilation of information on giardiasis. The data collected were analyzed using BioEstat 5.0® and the Poisson test with 5% significance. Weak points in the knowledge of the HCA were identified in the previous assessment for the investigated variables (p<0.05). After the educational intervention, there was an increase in the average number of correct answers in all variables studied (p<0.05). The educational intervention favors the retention of knowledge by the HCA, allowing a change in the panorama of giardiasis and, consequently, an improvement in the health quality of the population.

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O queijo coalho é uma variedade produzida no nordeste brasileiro, à falta de padronização e higiene no processo produtivo e na sua comercialização pode ocasionar o desenvolvimento de microorganismos patogênicos. Portanto, objetiva-se através deste estudo avaliar a qualidade microbiológica de queijos coalho comercializados em feira livre no agreste pernambucano de 6 ambulantes diferentes, verificando assim se os produtos obedecem os parâmetros exigidos na legislação vigente. As amostras foram diluídas em solução salina e foram feitas as determinações de coliformes totais, E. coli ,Staphylococcus, salmonella spp , conforme suas respectivas especificações de metodologia. Observou-se que dentre as amostras estudadas somente as marcas A e F estão de acordo com os padrões de qualidade microbiológica estabelecidos pela legislação.

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Tendo em vista o valor nutricional, econômico e também o cultural que o salame desempenha na região Sudoeste do Paraná, esta pesquisa teve como intuito analisar a qualidade microbiológica de três amostras deste embutido produzidos por agroindústrias da agricultura familiar instaladas na região. Duas amostras analisadas apresentaram resultados insatisfatórios nas análises microbiológicas realizadas, com relação ao índice de coliformes termotolerantes e presença de Staphylococus aureus. Desta forma revelando que a produção de embutidos ainda carece de maior fiscalização e cuidados perante a manipulação e preparo dos mesmos.

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