RESUMO
People with an ostomy need care appropriate to their needs and should be encouraged to adapt to their situation. In Brazil, persons with a stoma meet the legal definition of being disabled, enabling them to access comprehensive health care services. PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the degree of disability experienced by persons with a colostomy. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among people with a colostomy in one Brazilian public health service. Between May 2017 and January 2018, persons at least 18 years of age who had a colostomy for at least 3 months were eligible to participate. Sociodemographic and stoma characteristic variables were collected, and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 was used to assesses perceived levels of disability. Higher scores indicated greater degree of difficulty. All persons with a WHODAS score ⟩0 were classified as disabled. Descriptive statistics, chi-squared, and Fisher's exact tests were used for data analysis, with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: Among the 58 predominantly elderly participants (29 women, 29 men; mean age 64 ± 12 years), the overall mean WHODAS score suggested a small degree of impairment (3.1 ± 7.1). The highest scores were observed in the domains participation (6.3 ± 16.1), mobility (5.6 ± 17.3), and life activities (5.3 ± 15.6). The majority of participants (41, 70.7%) had a disability score of 0 (no disability). The proportion of persons who did or did not perceive any level of disability did not differ significantly by the stoma variables assessed. CONCLUSION: Based on the WHODAS scores, the majority of study participants did not perceive themselves as being physically disabled. Other clinical studies should advance this discussion in order to better understand the perception and reality of disability among ostomates.
Assuntos
Colostomia/efeitos adversos , Avaliação da Deficiência , Pessoas com Deficiência/reabilitação , Idoso , Brasil , Colostomia/métodos , Colostomia/psicologia , Estudos Transversais , Pessoas com Deficiência/psicologia , Pessoas com Deficiência/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Abstract Purpose To evaluate the emotional, psychological, sexual, social, and professional impact, before and after surgery, on individuals submitted to a colostomy. Methods The study was carried out in two stages, with the participation of 15 individuals. First, we evaluated the emotional, psychic, sexual, social, and professional aspects of their lives, in the preoperative period of colostomy surgery. After that, the same aspects were evaluated six months after the surgery. This evaluation was based on the application of a questionnaire with 16 objective questions. Results Of the interviewees, 53.64% decreased their willingness to go out and do activities outside their homes, with a statistical significance of p = 0.001. Regarding the environment, 53.85% of the interviewees showed a perception of worsening of the environment. About physical activity, 66.65% showed a difference in the performance of physical activity after colostomy, being statistically significant, with p = 0.001. The sports environment did not change in 50% of the participants. Patient sexuality showed a significant decline with statistical significance (p = 0.008). Conclusion The impact that the colostomy generated on the patients' lives, regarding the evaluated aspects, was perceptible, being of great importance the careful indication of this procedure to the patient.
Resumo Objetivos Avaliar o impacto emocional, psíquico, sexual, social e profissional, pré e pós colostomia, em indivíduos que passaram por cirurgia de colostomia. Método Foi realizado em duas etapas com participação de 15 indivíduos. Na primeira houve avaliação sobre os aspectos emocional, psíquico, sexual, social e profissional de suas vidas, no momento pré-operatório à cirurgia de colostomia. Na segunda avaliaram-se os mesmos aspectos seis meses após a cirurgia. Esta avaliação foi a partir da aplicação de um questionário com 16 questões objetivas. Resultados Dos entrevistados, 53,64% diminuíram a vontade de sair e fazer atividades fora do lar, com significância estatística de p = 0,001. Quanto ao ambiente instalado, em 53,85% dos entrevistados apresentaram percepção de piora do ambiente. Em relação à atividade física, 66,65% dos participantes apresentaram diferença no desempenho da atividade física pós-colostomia, sendo este dado estatisticamente significante com p = 0,001. O ambiente esportivo não mudou para 50% dos participantes. A sexualidade do paciente evidenciou grande decaimento com significância estatística (p = 0,008). Conclusão Foi perceptível o impacto que a colostomia gerou na vida de seus portadores nos aspectos avaliados, sendo de grande importância a indicação criteriosa desse procedimento ao paciente.
Assuntos
Humanos , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Colostomia/psicologia , Perfil de Impacto da DoençaRESUMO
Many studies examining the quality of life of stoma patients utilize questionnaires that have not been validated specifically for these patients in their native language. Owing to the large and increasing prevalence of intestinal stomas, a cross-sectional study was conducted among patients of a stoma patient health care service in Juiz de Fora, Brazil between September 2014 and August 2015 to validate the Stoma Quality of Life (Stoma-QoL) questionnaire in Portuguese (Brazilian variant). In addition, the effect of sociodemographic, clinical, and eating habit variables on the quality of life of people with a colostomy or ileostomy was assessed. Eating habit variables included eating comfort in the postoperative period, excluding foods for a period of time, fear of eating, and excluding foods that may cause odor, gas, diarrhea, and/or constipation. All patients with a colostomy or ileostomy served by 1 ostomy care center were invited to participate. Patients who were at least 18 years of age, provided signed informed consent, and had the physical and mental capacity to complete the questionnaire were eligible to participate. The sociodemographic, clinical history, eating behavior, and Stoma-QoL questionnaires were administered by trained researchers as part of patient nutritional care. A sample of 11 (10% of all study participants) also completed the 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), which includes a Mental Component Summary (MCS) and a Physical Component Summary (PCS), to establish convergent validity. All participant response data were collected using a standardized form developed for this study and stored in electronic files. The identities of patients were kept anonymous, and patients had the option to refuse to participate during the assessment. Data were analyzed descriptively; the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to analyze associations among the variables collected. Normal distribution of the Stoma-QoL total scores was assessed using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Internal consistency was assessed as a whole using Cronbach's alpha, and agreement and reproducibility were determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient. Relationships between the Stoma-QoL and the SF-12 items were examined using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The majority of the 111 participants were men (57, 51.4%), most (94, 84.7%) were 50 years of age or older, 70 (63.1%) had a colostomy, and 41 (36.9%) had an ileostomy. Most stomas (79, 71.2%) were created to treat cancer of the colon and rectum. The mean overall Stoma-QoL score for study participants was 58.7 ± SD 12.0 (range 32.0-78.0). The internal consistency of the translated Stoma-QoL was .87, demonstrating a high degree of reliability. The convergent validity of the Stoma-QoL with the SF-12 confirmed higher correlation among the items regarding emotional aspects, mental health, social aspects, and vitality, with a higher correlation with the MCS (r = .52; P = .02) and lower correlation between the PCS and the items that assess general health, functional capacity, physical aspects, and pain (r = .38; P = .04), although both were significant. A moderate and significant association was noted between the questionnaires. Women (P = .02) and patients who deprived themselves of food for a certain period of time had a lower quality of life (P = .05). Persons who excluded foods out of fear of repercussions also had significantly lower QoL scores (P <.001). Colostomy and ileostomy patients had a similar quality of life. This study confirms the Stoma-QoL is a valid research tool for colostomy and ileostomy patients in Brazil. Further studies are recommended in the field of food and nutrition to verify observed concerns related to the eating behavior of intestinal stoma patients and the relationship to their quality of life.
Assuntos
Colostomia/psicologia , Ileostomia/psicologia , Psicometria/normas , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Adulto , Idoso , Brasil , Colostomia/efeitos adversos , Comparação Transcultural , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Ileostomia/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Psicometria/instrumentação , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estomas Cirúrgicos/efeitos adversos , Inquéritos e Questionários , TraduçãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To know the perceptions of participants in a support group for people with colostomy on the use of video as a resource for health education. METHOD: Qualitative research with 16 participants in a support group for people with colostomy in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Data were collected in April and May of 2016, through a focus group, and subjected to the thematic analysis proposed by Minayo. RESULTS: The results led to three categories: care and self-care are learned alone: the lived reality; health education and learning through educational video: perceived opportunities; the singularities of the educational video from the viewpoint of people with colostomy and their families. CONCLUSION: The scarcity of guidelines retards independence and hinders autonomy in care and self-care. The audio-visual technology applied in this study complements the educational guidelines, and can enable changes and the opportunity to rethink pedagogical nursing practices.
Assuntos
Colostomia/educação , Assistência Domiciliar/educação , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Gravação em Vídeo , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cuidadores/educação , Cuidadores/psicologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/psicologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Colostomia/enfermagem , Colostomia/psicologia , Feminino , Grupos Focais , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem , Autonomia Pessoal , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Autocuidado , Grupos de AutoajudaRESUMO
Objective: to describe the coping of stoma patients with the news about the ostomy, as well as to analyze the meaning and the experience of their new bodily reality. Method: qualitative phenomenological study undertaken through semistructured interviews with 21 stoma patients. The analysis was based on the constant comparison of the data, the progressive incorporation of subjects and triangulation among researchers and stomal therapy nurses. The software Atlas.ti was used. Results: two main categories emerge: "Coping with the news about receiving a stoma" and "Meaning and experience of the new bodily reality". The informants' answer varies, showing situations that range from the natural acceptance of the process to resignation and rejection. The previous experiences of other family members, the possible reconstruction of the stoma or the type of illness act as conditioning factors. Conclusions: the coping with the news about the stoma is conditioned by the type of illness, although the normalization of the process is the trend observed in most informants. Nursing plays a fundamental role in the implementation of cognitive-behavioral interventions and other resources to promote the patients' autonomy in everything related to care for the stoma.
Assuntos
Adaptação Psicológica , Imagem Corporal/psicologia , Colostomia/psicologia , Ileostomia/psicologia , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Objectives: To identify users with an intestinal ostomy concerning their sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, and to determine the scores for quality of life according to the domains of the questionnaire City of Hope. Method: This is a household, descriptive, transversal, quantitative-approach survey, accomplished with 30 registered users at the Ostomy Association of the State of Paraíba, Brazil. A specific form for ostomy patients was applied, and data analysis was performed with the use of the software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. This study was approved by CAAE No. 17224613.8.0000.5183. Results: Most participants were over 60 years, were Catholics, with elementary education, an income up to three minimum wages, married or in a stable relationship, with almost all quality of life scores above the midpoint of the range of the variables of the domains surveyed by the questionnaire City of Hope. Conclusion: The questionnaire led to the conclusion that the respondents with ostomy had a satisfactory quality of life.
Objetivos: Caracterizar os usuários com estomias intestinais quanto aos aspectos sociodemográficos e clínicos e determinar os escores de qualidade de vida segundo domínios do questionário City of Hope. Método: Trata-se de inquérito domiciliar, descritivo, transversal e de abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 30 usuários cadastrados na Associação de Ostomizados do Estado da Paraíba. Utilizou-se formulário específico para estomizados e a análise dos dados foi realizada com o auxílio do programa Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS), versão 20.0. A pesquisa foi aprovada com CAAE n. 17224613.8.0000.5183. Resultados: A maioria tinha mais de 60 anos, católicos, com ensino fundamental, renda de até três salários, casados ou em união estável, com quase todos os escores de qualidade de vida acima do ponto médio da escala para as variáveis dos domínios explorados pelo questionário City of Hope. Conclusão: O instrumento permitiu inferir que os estomizados pesquisados possuíam qualidade de vida satisfatória.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Qualidade de Vida , Estomia/psicologia , Demografia/estatística & dados numéricos , Assistência Religiosa , Colostomia/psicologia , Enquete Socioeconômica , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores Sociológicos , OcupaçõesRESUMO
RESUMO Objetivo Conhecer as percepções de participantes de um grupo de apoio para pessoas com colostomia sobre a utilização de um vídeo educativo como recurso para atividade de educação em saúde. Método Pesquisa qualitativa com 16 participantes em um grupo de apoio a pessoas colostomizadas de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Os dados foram coletados em abril e maio de 2016, por meio de grupo focal, submetidos à análise temática proposta por Minayo. Resultados Emergiram três categorias: O cuidar e o cuidar-se aprendido sozinho: a realidade vivida; Educação em saúde e aprendizagem por meio do vídeo educativo: possibilidades percebidas; As singularidades do vídeo educativo na ótica de pessoas colostomizadas e seus familiares. Conclusão A exiguidade de orientações posterga a independência e dificulta a autonomia para o cuidado e o autocuidado. A aplicabilidade da tecnologia audiovisual desenvolvida complementa as orientações educativas, possibilitando transformar e repensar as práticas pedagógicas na enfermagem.
RESUMEN Objetivo Conocer las percepciones de los participantes de un grupo de apoyo para personas con colostomia acerca de la utilización de un video educativo como recurso para la actividad de educación para la salud. Método Estudio cualitativo con 16 participantes de un grupo de apoyo a las personas colostomizada, de Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. La recogida de datos ocurrió en abril y mayo de 2016 y se hizo por medio de un grupo focal, que se sometió a análisis tematico propuesto por Minayo. Resultados Emergieron tres categorías: El cuidar y el cuidarse aprendido por sí mismo: la realidad vivida; Educación para la salud y aprendizaje por medio del video educativo: posibilidades percibidas; Las singularidades del video educativo en la óptica de las personas colostomizadas y sus familiares. Conclusión La escasez de orientaciones retrasa la independencia y autonomía para el cuidado y autocuidado. La aplicabilidad de la tecnología audiovisual desarrollada complementa las orientaciones educativas, posibilitando transformar y repensar las prácticas pedagógicas en enfermería.
ABSTRACT Objective To know the perceptions of participants in a support group for people with colostomy on the use of video as a resource for health education. Method Qualitative research with 16 participants in a support group for people with colostomy in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Data were collected in April and May of 2016, through a focus group, and subjected to the thematic analysis proposed by Minayo. Results The results led to three categories: care and self-care are learned alone: the lived reality; health education and learning through educational video: perceived opportunities; the singularities of the educational video from the viewpoint of people with colostomy and their families. Conclusion The scarcity of guidelines retards independence and hinders autonomy in care and self-care. The audio-visual technology applied in this study complements the educational guidelines, and can enable changes and the opportunity to rethink pedagogical nursing practices.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Gravação em Vídeo , Colostomia/educação , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos , Autocuidado , Grupos de Autoajuda , Colostomia/enfermagem , Colostomia/psicologia , Neoplasias Colorretais/cirurgia , Neoplasias Colorretais/psicologia , Cuidadores/educação , Cuidadores/psicologia , Grupos Focais , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem , Autonomia Pessoal , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Assistência Domiciliar/educação , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the coping of stoma patients with the news about the ostomy, as well as to analyze the meaning and the experience of their new bodily reality. Method: qualitative phenomenological study undertaken through semistructured interviews with 21 stoma patients. The analysis was based on the constant comparison of the data, the progressive incorporation of subjects and triangulation among researchers and stomal therapy nurses. The software Atlas.ti was used. Results: two main categories emerge: "Coping with the news about receiving a stoma" and "Meaning and experience of the new bodily reality". The informants' answer varies, showing situations that range from the natural acceptance of the process to resignation and rejection. The previous experiences of other family members, the possible reconstruction of the stoma or the type of illness act as conditioning factors. Conclusions: the coping with the news about the stoma is conditioned by the type of illness, although the normalization of the process is the trend observed in most informants. Nursing plays a fundamental role in the implementation of cognitive-behavioral interventions and other resources to promote the patients' autonomy in everything related to care for the stoma.
RESUMO Objetivo: descrever o enfrentamento de pessoas ostomizadas diante da notícia da realização do estoma, assim como analisar o significado e a vivência diante de sua nova realizada corporal. Método: estudo qualitativo fenomenológico mediante entrevistas semiestruturadas com 21 personas ostomizadas. Foi desenvolvido através da comparação constante de dados, incorporação progressiva de sujeitos e triangulação entre investigadores e enfermeiras especialistas em estomaterapia. Foi utilizado o software Atlas.ti. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias centrais: "Enfrentamento diante da notícia de que serão ostomizados" e "Significado e vivência da nova realidade corporal". A resposta dos informantes é variável, revelando situações que vão desde a aceitação natural do seu processo até a resignação e a rejeição. As experiências prévias de outros familiares, a possibilidade de reconstrução do estoma ou o tipo de doença são fatores condicionantes. Conclusões: o enfrentamento diante da notícia do estoma está condicionado pelo tipo de doença. Apesar disso, observa-se que a maioria dos informantes tende a normalizar o processo. A enfermagem tem papel fundamental na implementação de intervenções cognitivas-comportamentais e outros recursos destinados à promoção da autonomia dos pacientes em tudo relacionado ao cuidado do estoma.
RESUMEN Objetivo: describir el afrontamiento de personas ostomizadas ante la noticia de la realización de la ostomía, así como analizar el significado y la vivencia ante su nueva realidad corporal. Método: estudio cualitativo fenomenológico mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas a 21 personas ostomizadas. Se realizó análisis mediante comparación constante de datos, incorporación progresiva de sujetos y triangulación entre investigadores y enfermeras expertas en estomaterapia. Se empleó el programa Atlas.ti. Resultados: emergen dos categorías centrales: "Afrontamiento ante la noticia de que van a ser ostomizados" y "Significado y vivencia de la nueva realidad corporal". La respuesta de los informantes es variable, percibiéndose situaciones que van desde la aceptación natural de su proceso hasta la resignación y el rechazo. Las experiencias previas de otros familiares, la posibilidad de reconstrucción del estoma o el tipo de enfermedad, son factores condicionantes. Conclusiones: el afrontamiento ante la noticia del estoma está condicionado por el tipo de enfermedad, aunque la normalización del proceso es la tendencia observada en la mayoría de los informantes. Enfermería tiene un papel fundamental en la puesta en marcha de intervenciones cognitivos-conductuales y otros recursos destinados a la promoción de la autonomía de los pacientes en todo lo relacionado con el cuidado del estoma.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Imagem Corporal/psicologia , Adaptação Psicológica , Colostomia/psicologia , Ileostomia/psicologiaRESUMO
AIM: This study was carried out to determine how the partners of patients with a permanent colostomy perceive everyday life, particularly its sexual aspects. METHOD: Data were collected prospectively from October 2011 to May 2012 using a three-part questionnaire to obtain demographic, social and sexual information. Both multiple-choice and yes/no questions were used. RESULTS: One hundred and eight questionnaires were given to 36 partners of patients with a permanent colostomy (the ostomy group) and to 72 partners of normal individuals matched for age, sex and social class. The sexual performance of the spouse was significantly better in the control group (P = 0.004), sexual performance of the partner was also better in the control group (P = 0.023) and reduced frequency of sexual activity was higher in the ostomy group (P = 0.042). There was, however, no significant difference in sexual interest between the two groups (P = 0.507). CONCLUSION: The study demonstrated that about half of the partners of patients with a permanent colostomy experienced dissatisfaction with their spouse's performance, with a reduction in sexual interest and frequency of intercourse compared with the control group. Healthcare professionals should pay more attention to the partner of patients having a permanent colostomy.
Assuntos
Colostomia/psicologia , Relações Interpessoais , Sexualidade , Cônjuges/psicologia , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Coito/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Estudos Prospectivos , Qualidade de Vida , Sexualidade/psicologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: the objective in this study was to describe the strategies developed by digestive stoma patients to cope with their situation. METHOD: a qualitative and descriptive study was undertaken, involving 21 stoma patients living in the provinces of Málaga and Granada (Spain). The informants were selected in accordance with criteria of appropriateness and diversity, through intentional sampling. The data were collected by means of semistructured interviews. RESULTS: the content analysis revealed three categories around which the distinct strategies were developed: Self-care, Adaptation to the bodily change and Self-help. CONCLUSION: the strategies developed are focusing on achieving the effective management of the stoma and are closely linked with the achievement of autonomy. Discovering the strategies applied is fundamental for the nursing professionals to offer high-quality care, centered on people and their process.