RESUMO
The effects of iv sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and Carbicarb, an experimental buffer, were compared in a rat model of lactic acidosis induced by controlled hemorrhage and asphyxia. Although both NaHCO3 and Carbicarb were effective at alkalinizing the arterial blood in this model, NaHCO3 administration resulted in a rise in PaCO2 where Carbicarb did not (+9 +/- 2 vs. +2 +/- 2 torr at 2 min after infusion, p less than .01). Moreover, NaHCO3 resulted in a small decrease in intracellular brain pH as measured with P-31 nuclear magnetic resonance where Carbicarb afforded intracellular brain alkalinization (-0.03 +/- 0.01 vs. +0.08 +/- 0.02 pH units at 2 min, p less than .01). If these data are confirmed clinically, Carbicarb may offer advantages over NaHCO3 under conditions of fixed or limited ventilation.
Assuntos
Acidose Láctica/tratamento farmacológico , Bicarbonatos/farmacologia , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Carbonatos/farmacologia , Sódio/farmacologia , Animais , Dióxido de Carbono/sangue , Combinação de Medicamentos/farmacologia , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Pressão Parcial , Ratos , Bicarbonato de SódioRESUMO
La principal dificultad de la terapia del cáncer en la actualidad es la utilización de agentes tóxicos cuya actividad antitumoral no es específica. Por tal razón se ha pensado en la unión de agentes tóxicos como toxinas o drogas a factores de crecimiento, hormonas y anticuerpos monoclonales para lograr toxicidad específica sobre las células cancerosas. En este trabajo se presenta la construcción de un conjugado mediante una unión covalente entre el factor de crecimiento epidérmico (EGF) y la adriamicina (ADM). El conjugado retiene la habilidad del EGF de reconocer sus receptores en células de carcinoma mamario, sin perder afinidad y la ADM retiene su toxicidad. La toxicidad del conjugado fue revertida por adición de un exceso de EGF libre y fue dependiente de la cantidad de receptores de EGF presentes en la superficie celular
Assuntos
Células KB/efeitos dos fármacos , Combinação de Medicamentos/farmacologia , Doxorrubicina/farmacologia , Fator de Crescimento Epidérmico/farmacologia , Técnicas In VitroAssuntos
Nocardiose/microbiologia , Nocardia/isolamento & purificação , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Combinação de Medicamentos/farmacologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nocardia/efeitos dos fármacos , Nocardiose/terapia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sulfadiazina/farmacologia , Sulfadiazina/uso terapêutico , Sulfametoxazol/farmacologia , Trimetoprima/farmacologia , Combinação Trimetoprima e SulfametoxazolAssuntos
Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/epidemiologia , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Sulfametoxazol/farmacologia , Trimetoprima/farmacologia , Combinação de Medicamentos/farmacologia , Resistência Microbiana a Medicamentos , Humanos , Jamaica , Combinação Trimetoprima e SulfametoxazolAssuntos
Agranulocitose/induzido quimicamente , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Escherichia coli/efeitos dos fármacos , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutropenia/induzido quimicamente , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Cefalotina/farmacologia , Combinação de Medicamentos/farmacologia , Gentamicinas/farmacologia , Humanos , Técnicas In Vitro , Sulfametoxazol/farmacologia , Fatores de Tempo , Trimetoprima/farmacologia , Combinação Trimetoprima e SulfametoxazolAssuntos
Tecido Periapical/efeitos dos fármacos , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/farmacologia , Solventes/farmacologia , Animais , Bálsamos/farmacologia , Materiais Biocompatíveis , Cães , Combinação de Medicamentos/farmacologia , Feminino , Guta-Percha/farmacologia , Masculino , Xilenos/farmacologia , Óxido de Zinco/farmacologiaRESUMO
Seventy-one strains of Serratia marcescens obtained from hospitalized patients of the Instituto Nacional de la Nutricion in Mexico City and two Virginia hospitals (University of Virginia Medical Center and Norfolk General Hospital) were analyzed to find markers useful for the epidemiologic investigation of outbreaks with this organism. Biotyping with commercial microwell systems (API 20# system [Analytab Products, Plainview, N.Y.] and DMS Rapid NFT [DMS Laboratories, Inc., Flemington, N.J.]) was not useful. Biotyping with the system designed by Grimont (assimilation tests, pigment production, and the ability to reduce tetrathionate broth) was helpful to characterize all strains. Of the 37 Mexican strains, 36 belonged to biogroup A 5/8 and 32 were biotype A8b. The 34 strains from the Virginia hospitals were distributed among six different biogroups and 12 biotypes. Significant differences in antimicrobial susceptibility (50% MIC, microgram/ml) between Mexican and Virginia strains were seen with carbenicillin (256 versus 8), piperacillin (64 versus 4), amikacin (16 versus 2), gentamicin (2 versus 0.5), and tobramycin (16 versus 2). Some Mexican strains showed variability in the susceptibility to amikacin because they were low producers of 6'-N-acetyltransferase type I. The Mexican strains seemed to come from a hospital with cross-infection problems because most were isolated from urine, were multiresistant, and more nonpigmented; in contrast, the strains isolated at University of Virginia Medical Center represent the experience of a hospital with scattered S. marcescens infections. The Grimont biotyping scheme is a useful epidemiologic tool for the clinical microbiologist.