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PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to report a bilateral conjunctivitis case in a patient with confirmed 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). CASE REPORT/OBSERVATIONS: A 24-year-old healthy man developed severe conjunctivitis in his right eye, followed by his left eye 4 days after fever and myalgia. He reported yellowish conjunctival discharge, foreign body sensation, redness, and tearing, and those symptoms were resolved in 10 days. Analyses of nasopharyngeal secretions identified SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). CONCLUSION: Mild COVID-19 can cause severe bilateral conjunctivitis. The ophthalmologist may be aware of conjunctival secretions, a possible path of infection, during eye checkup.

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RESUMO Apresentamos um caso de conjuntivite por SARS-CoV-2 em mulher de 55 anos, com hiperemia e sensação de corpo estranho em ambos os olhos. O exame oftalmológico revelou conjuntivite. A paciente apresentou reação em cadeia da polimerase de SARS-CoV-2 detectável em swab conjuntival e nasal. O tratamento foi realizado com colírio de ciprofloxacina, corticoide e trometamol por 5 dias. Após o sétimo dia de evolução, houve melhora importante da conjuntivite, e foi repetido swab conjuntival, com resultado não detectável.

ABSTRACT We present a case of SARS-CoV-2 conjunctivitis in a 55-year-old female patient, with hyperemia and foreign body sensation in both eyes. The eye examination revealed conjunctivitis. She had detectable SARS-CoV-2 by polymerase chain reaction on conjunctival and nasal swabs. She was treated with ciprofloxacin eye drops, corticosteroids and trometamol for 5 days. After the seventh day of evolution, there was a significant improvement in conjunctivitis, and repeated conjunctival swab was negative.

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H7 subtype influenza A viruses, responsible for numerous outbreaks in land-based poultry in Europe and the Americas, have caused over 100 cases of confirmed or presumed human infection over the last decade. The emergence of a highly pathogenic avian influenza H7N3 virus in poultry throughout the state of Jalisco, Mexico, resulting in two cases of human infection, prompted us to examine the virulence of this virus (A/Mexico/InDRE7218/2012 [MX/7218]) and related avian H7 subtype viruses in mouse and ferret models. Several high- and low-pathogenicity H7N3 and H7N9 viruses replicated efficiently in the respiratory tract of mice without prior adaptation following intranasal inoculation, but only MX/7218 virus caused lethal disease in this species. H7N3 and H7N9 viruses were also detected in the mouse eye following ocular inoculation. Virus from both H7N3 and H7N9 subtypes replicated efficiently in the upper and lower respiratory tracts of ferrets; however, only MX/7218 virus infection caused clinical signs and symptoms and was capable of transmission to naive ferrets in a direct-contact model. Similar to other highly pathogenic H7 viruses, MX/7218 replicated to high titers in human bronchial epithelial cells, yet it downregulated numerous genes related to NF-κB-mediated signaling transduction. These findings indicate that the recently isolated North American lineage H7 subtype virus associated with human conjunctivitis is capable of causing severe disease in mice and spreading to naive-contact ferrets, while concurrently retaining the ability to replicate within ocular tissue and allowing the eye to serve as a portal of entry.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine the adenovirus serotype in Mexican patients with folicular conjunctivitis and keratoconjunctivitis. METHODS: Adenovirus-specific PCR was used to analyze sample scrapings from the inferior fornix of patients with follicular conjunctivitis and clinical suspicion of adenovirus from January 2005 to December 2006. Identification of the serotype was made by automated sequencing. The nucleotide sequences obtained were compared with the reported sequences in GenBank. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed on the results. RESULTS: Of the 77 samples with clinical data of follicular conjunctivitis that were analyzed, 43 (56%) presented adenovirus. The sequencing of each positive sample allowed the identification of Ad1, Ad2, Ad3 and Ad8; the sequences of the serotype were identical those reported in GenBank with accession numbers: AF 534906 and AY 224420 for a sequence of the gene coding for the filament of Ad1 and Ad2 respectively, and AY 854180 and DQ 149614 for a sequence of the gene that codes for the Hexon protein of Ad3 and Ad8 respectively. From the statistical analysis it was possible to determine that a preferential seasonality of the serotype does not exist. CONCLUSION: In this work the Ad1, Ad2 and Ad3 serotypes were identified in patients with clinical diagnosis of follicular conjunctivitis in 2005. Ad2 was the predominant serotype. Ad8 was also detected in an outbreak of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. From an epidemiological point of view, no serotype found seems to have a preferred seasonality.

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