RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors associated with normal leukocyte count and C-reactive protein (CRP) in adults with acute appendicitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study included patients aged 18-60 years after surgeries for acute appendicitis. Convenience sampling was used to select medical records, and variables such as age, sex, weight, height, origin, self-medication, diabetes (DM2), high blood pressure (HBP), type of appendicitis, duration of illness, preoperative time, type of appendectomy, operative time, and hospital stay were analyzed. Patients were categorized into those with normal and abnormal inflammatory parameters. The SPSS version 28 software was used for analysis. RESULTS: We included 333 patients; 11.11% ones had normal inflammatory parameters. Both groups had mean age of approximately 33 years. Men comprised 56.76% and 57.43%in both groups, respectively. The abnormal group had shorter mean preoperative time, and catarrhal appendicitis was more common in the normal group. Multivariate analysis revealed that rural origin and self-medication were significantly associated with normal inflammatory parameters. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of normal inflammatory parameters in acute appendicitis patients was 11.11%. Rural origin, self-medication, shorter preoperative time, and catarrhal appendicitis were significantly associated with normal inflammatory parameters in this context.
Assuntos
Apendicectomia , Apendicite , Proteína C-Reativa , Humanos , Apendicite/cirurgia , Apendicite/sangue , Apendicite/diagnóstico , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Proteína C-Reativa/análise , Contagem de Leucócitos/métodos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Apendicectomia/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença Aguda , Adolescente , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A periodontite é uma condição crônica inflamatória que pode influenciar a microbiota intestinal. O tratamento padrão ouro para a periodontite inclui a raspagem e o alisamento corono-radicular (RACR), porém em casos complexos pode-se utilizar terapias adjuvantes, como os probióticos. A utilização deste tratamento adjuvante poderá contribuir para a melhoria da condição periodontal e a simbiose intestinal. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito na inflamação periodontal e intestinal da utilização do Lactobacillus casei (LC) adjunto a RACR em camundongos Balb/c com periodontite, induzida por ligadura. Este estudo é um ensaio pré-clínico, in vivo, randomizado, cego e controlado por placebo, constituído por 36 camundongos Balb/c machos. Os animais foram submetidos a indução da periodontite por colocação de ligadura com fio de seda 4.0 ao redor do segundo molar superior direito, sendo divididos em 4 grupos,o grupo controle: Sem Periodontite e sem RACR (n=8); Grupo Ligadura: Com Periodondite e sem RACR (n=10); Grupo raspagem: Com Periodontite e com RACR (n=10) ; Grupo raspagem + L.casei (n=8): Com Periodontite e com RACR + administração de LC, por gavagem, durante 30 dias. Foram realizadas análises de citocinas pelo método ELISA no tecido gengival (IL-6), intestinal (IL-1ß, IL-6 e IL-10) e sanguíneo (IL-1ß e IL-6), além de análises bioquímicas (TGO, TGP, ureia e creatinina) e contagem diferencial de leucócitos do sangue. Foram coletados fragmentos do intestino grosso desses animais e analisados quanto a biomarcadores do estresse oxidativo (SOD, GSH e MDA), atividade da acetilcolinesterase (AChE) e foi realizada contagem da população de Bactérias Produtoras de Ácido Láctico das fezes dos animais. A utilização do LC adjunto a RACR resultou em uma redução na expressão da IL-6 no tecido gengival de camundogos com Periodontite (p < 0,05). Para as inteleucinas séricas (IL-1ß e IL-6), não houve diferenças entre os grupos (p > 0,05). Já para as citocinas intestinais houve uma redução na expressão de IL-10 (p < 0,05), para os grupos em que foi induzida a Periodontite. Com relação ao estresse oxidativo intestinal os animais do Grupo raspagem e raspagem + LC tiveram uma redução dos níveis de MDA (p < 0,05), para a SOD e o GSH, não houve diferenças significativas entre os 4 grupos pesquisados (p < 0,05). Conclui-se que o uso de LC adjunto a RACR em camungongos com periodontite induzida por ligadura pode reduzir a liberação de IL-6 no tecido gengival. Com relação aos efeitos intestinais foi observada a modulação da resposta inflamatória, com a redução de MDA, nos animais que receberam o tratamento periodontal. E a redução da expressão da IL-10, nos animais com Periodontite (AU).
Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition that can influence the gut microbiota. The gold standard treatment for periodontitis includes scaling and crown-root planing, but in complex cases adjuvant therapies such as probiotics can be used. The use of this adjuvant treatment may contribute to the improvement of periodontal condition and intestinal symbiosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect on periodontal and intestinal inflammation of the use of Lactobacillus casei (LC) adjunct to scaling and root planing (RACR) in Balb/c mice with ligature-induced periodontitis. This study is a preclinical, in vivo, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled trial consisting of 40 male Balb/c mice. The animals were submitted to periodontitis induction by placing a 4.0 silk suture ligature around the upper right second molar. The sample was divided into 4 groups, each with 10 animals: Group I: Without Periodontitis and without RACR; Group II: With Periodontitis and without RACR; Group III: With Periodontitis and with RACR; Group IV: With Periodontitis and with RACR + gavage of LC, for 30 days. Cytokine analyzes were performed by the ELISA method in gingival tissue (IL-6), intestinal tissue (IL-1ß, IL-6 and IL-10) and blood (IL-1ß and IL-6), the blood was also subjected to analysis biochemical (TGO, TGP, urea and creatinine) and differential leukocyte count. Fragments of the large intestine of these animals were collected and analyzed for biomarkers of oxidative stress (SOD, GSH and MDA), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, and the population of Lactic Acid-Producing Bacteria in the animals' feces was counted. The use of LC adjunct to RACR resulted in a reduction in the expression of IL-6 in the gingival tissue of mice with Periodontitis (p < 0.05), for the blood inteleukins (IL-1ß and IL-6), there were no differences between the groups (p > 0.05). As for intestinal cytokines, there was a reduction in the expression of IL-10 (p < 0.05), for the groups that presented Periodontitis. Regarding intestinal oxidative stress, the animals in Groups III and IV had a reduction in MDA levels (p < 0.05), for SOD and GSH, there were no significant differences between the 4 groups studied (p < 0.05 ). It is concluded that the use of LC adjunct to RACR in mice with ligation-induced periodontitis can reduce the release of IL-6 in the gingival tissue. Regarding the intestinal effects, two effects were found: The first related to the modulation of the inflammatory response, with the reduction of MDA, in the animals that received periodontal treatment. And the second related to a pro-inflammatory effect, with the reduction of IL-10 expression (AU).
Assuntos
Animais , Camundongos , Periodontite/terapia , Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Espectrofotometria/métodos , Análise de Variância , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Estresse Oxidativo , Probióticos/uso terapêutico , Contagem de Leucócitos/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: We aimed to establish new cut-off values for SIRS (Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome) variables in the obstetric population. METHODS: A prospective cohort study in pregnant and postpartum women admitted with systemic infections between December 2017 and January 2019. Patients were divided into three cohorts: Group A, patients with infection but without severe maternal outcomes (SMO); Group B, patients with infection and SMO or admission to the intensive care unit (ICU); and Group C, a control group. Outcome measures were ICU admission and SMO. The relationship between SIRS criteria and SMO was expressed as the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC), selecting the best cut-off for each SIRS criterion. RESULTS: A total of 541 obstetric patients were enrolled, including 341 with infections and 200 enrolled as the reference group (Group C). The patients with infections included 313 (91.7%) in Group A and 28 (8.2%) in Group B. There were significant differences for all SIRS variables in Group B, compared with Groups A and C, but there were no significant differences between Groups A and C. The best cut-off values were the following: temperature 38.2 °C, OR 4.1 (1.8-9.0); heart rate 120 bpm, OR 2.9 (1.2-7.4); respiratory rate 22 bpm, OR 4.1 (1.6-10.1); and leukocyte count 16,100 per mcl, OR 3.5 (1.6-7.6). CONCLUSIONS: The cut-off values for SIRS variables did not differ between healthy and infected obstetric patients. However, a higher cut-off may help predict the population with a higher risk of severe maternal outcomes.
Assuntos
Infecções , Complicações do Trabalho de Parto , Infecção Puerperal , Risco Ajustado/métodos , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Diagnóstico Precoce , Feminino , Humanos , Infecções/complicações , Infecções/diagnóstico , Infecções/epidemiologia , Infecções/fisiopatologia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Contagem de Leucócitos/métodos , Mortalidade Materna , Complicações do Trabalho de Parto/diagnóstico , Complicações do Trabalho de Parto/etiologia , Complicações do Trabalho de Parto/mortalidade , Gravidez , Resultado da Gravidez/epidemiologia , Infecção Puerperal/sangue , Infecção Puerperal/etiologia , Infecção Puerperal/mortalidade , Infecção Puerperal/terapia , Medição de Risco/métodos , Avaliação de Sintomas/métodos , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/sangue , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/epidemiologia , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/etiologia , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/terapiaRESUMO
The skin is our largest organ and the outermost protective barrier. Its aging reflects both intrinsic and extrinsic processes resulting from the constant insults it is exposed to. Aging in the skin is accompanied by specific epigenetic modifications, accumulation of senescent cells, reduced cellular proliferation/tissue renewal, altered extracellular matrix, and a proinflammatory environment favoring undesirable conditions, including disease onset. Macrophages (Mφ) are the most abundant immune cell type in the skin and comprise a group of heterogeneous and plastic cells that are key for skin homeostasis and host defense. However, they have also been implicated in orchestrating chronic inflammation during aging. Since Mφ are related to innate and adaptive immunity, it is possible that age-modified skin Mφ promote adaptive immunity exacerbation and exhaustion, favoring the emergence of proinflammatory pathologies, such as skin cancer. In this review, we will highlight recent findings pertaining to the effects of aging hallmarks over Mφ, supporting the recognition of such cell types as a driving force in skin inflammaging and age-related diseases. We will also present recent research targeting Mφ as potential therapeutic interventions in inflammatory skin disorders and cancer.
Assuntos
Imunidade Adaptativa/imunologia , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Senescência Celular/fisiologia , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Neoplasias Cutâneas/patologia , Animais , Humanos , Contagem de Leucócitos/métodos , Macrófagos/imunologia , Neoplasias Cutâneas/imunologiaRESUMO
Background: Automated hematology analyzers have been developed to optimize the time between analyses and havepromising precision and accuracy. Complete blood count (CBC) is often requested as part of veterinary clinical examination. Automated analyzers are often used to determine CBCs, since processing as well as container-related errors mayoccur owing to variable sizes, aggregates, white or red blood cell fragments, and effects of EDTA on cell morphology.Platelet aggregates frequently occur in felines, with studies reporting a prevalence of approximately 71%. The aim of thepresent study was to evaluate the influence of exercise aggregates on the global white blood cell count of domestic catsusing automated hematological counters with the impedance method.Materials, Methods & Results: Blood samples of 140 cats, irrespective of age, sex, and breed, were collected into EDTAcontaining tubes. The samples were obtained via routine clinical examinations at the Veterinary Hospital of the FederalRural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) and processed at the Veterinary Parasitology Experimental ChemotherapyLaboratory (LQEPV), belonging to the same institution. All the samples were processed on the Sysmex pocH-100iVDiff automated hematology apparatus according to the manufacturers recommendations. Leukocyte counts were alsomanually determined using a duplicate Neubauer chamber. Standard dilutions were prepared immediately after theautomated analysis. To identify the occurrence of platelet aggregates, a blood smear was made and visualized undera brightfield microscope at a magnification of 10× and scored 0 to 3 (G1, G2, G3, and G4) based on the aggregationintensity. In case of changes, the groups were subdivided according to the intensity of occurrence. Of the 140 samples...(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Gatos , Contagem de Leucócitos/veterinária , Contagem de Leucócitos/métodos , Plaquetas , Agregação Plaquetária , Impedância ElétricaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Immune cell counts in blood in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection may be useful prognostic biomarkers of disease severity, mortality, and response to treatment. OBJECTIVES: To analyze sub-populations of lymphocytes at hospital admission in survivors and deceased from severe pneumonia due to coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study of healthcare workers confirmed with SARS-CoV-2 in convalescents (control group) and healthy controls (HC) diagnosed with severe COVID-19. Serum samples were taken at hospital admission and after recovery. Serum samples ≥ 25 days after onset of symptoms were analyzed for lymphocyte subpopulations through flow cytometry. Descriptive statistics, Kruskall-Wallis test, receiver operating characteristic curve, calculation of sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and Kaplan-Meier analysis were performed. RESULTS: We included 337 patients: 120 HC, 127 convalescents, and 90 severe COVID-19 disease patients (50 survivors, 40 deceased). For T cells, total lymphocytes ≥ 800/µL, CD3+ ≥ 400/µL, CD4+ ≥ 180/µL, CD8+ ≥ 150/µL, B cells CD19+ ≥ 80/µL, and NK ≥ 34/µL subsets were associated with survival in severe COVID-19 disease patients. All subtypes of lymphocytes had higher concentrations in survivors than deceased, but similar between HC and convalescents. Leukocytes ≥ 10.150/µL or neutrophils ≥ 10,000/µL were associated with increased mortality. The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ≥ 8.5 increased the probability of death in severe COVID-19 (odds ratio 11.68). CONCLUSIONS: Total lymphocytes; NLR; and levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, and NK cells are useful as biomarkers of survival or mortality in severe COVID-19 disease and commonly reach normal levels in convalescents.
Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/patologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/patologia , COVID-19 , Linfopenia , Neutrófilos/patologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , COVID-19/sangue , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/mortalidade , COVID-19/terapia , Correlação de Dados , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Humanos , Estimativa de Kaplan-Meier , Células Matadoras Naturais/patologia , Contagem de Leucócitos/métodos , Linfopenia/sangue , Linfopenia/diagnóstico , Linfopenia/etiologia , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mortalidade , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Avaliação de Sintomas/métodosRESUMO
Background: Automated hematology analyzers have been developed to optimize the time between analyses and havepromising precision and accuracy. Complete blood count (CBC) is often requested as part of veterinary clinical examination. Automated analyzers are often used to determine CBCs, since processing as well as container-related errors mayoccur owing to variable sizes, aggregates, white or red blood cell fragments, and effects of EDTA on cell morphology.Platelet aggregates frequently occur in felines, with studies reporting a prevalence of approximately 71%. The aim of thepresent study was to evaluate the influence of exercise aggregates on the global white blood cell count of domestic catsusing automated hematological counters with the impedance method.Materials, Methods & Results: Blood samples of 140 cats, irrespective of age, sex, and breed, were collected into EDTAcontaining tubes. The samples were obtained via routine clinical examinations at the Veterinary Hospital of the FederalRural University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ) and processed at the Veterinary Parasitology Experimental ChemotherapyLaboratory (LQEPV), belonging to the same institution. All the samples were processed on the Sysmex pocH-100iVDiff automated hematology apparatus according to the manufacturers recommendations. Leukocyte counts were alsomanually determined using a duplicate Neubauer chamber. Standard dilutions were prepared immediately after theautomated analysis. To identify the occurrence of platelet aggregates, a blood smear was made and visualized undera brightfield microscope at a magnification of 10× and scored 0 to 3 (G1, G2, G3, and G4) based on the aggregationintensity. In case of changes, the groups were subdivided according to the intensity of occurrence. Of the 140 samples...
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Contagem de Leucócitos/métodos , Contagem de Leucócitos/veterinária , Gatos , Agregação Plaquetária , Impedância Elétrica , PlaquetasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: High-intensity functional training (HIFT) has become more popular, and the number of practitioners has increased; however, it remains unclear whether perturbations in the immune parameters occur, even after one single bout. Our aim was to examine acute leucocyte, muscle damage, and stress marker responses following a single 'Cindy' workout session, and compare the results between novice and experienced participants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Twenty-three HIFT practitioners (age 31.0 ± 1.0 years) completed the 'Cindy' workout. They were categorized as novice (3-8 months of experience; n = 10) and experienced (≥18 months; n = 13). White blood cell (WBC) count, plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, blood cortisol level, and lactate concentration were measured. Blood analysis was performed before (pre-ex), immediately after (post-ex), 30 min after (post-30 min), and 24 h after (post-24 h) a single 'Cindy' workout session. RESULTS: WBC count was higher post-ex (6.8 to 11.8x103/µL) and returned to baseline values within post-30 min (p<0.01). Neutrophil (3.3 to 4.5x103/µL) and lymphocyte levels (2.8 to 5.9x103/µL) were higher post-ex and returned to baseline values after post-24 h, yet lymphocytopoenia (2.2x103/µL) was observed at post-30 min (p<0.01). CK increased post-ex (174.9 to 226.7 U.L-1) and remained elevated post-24 h. Cortisol (14.7 to 17.0 µg/dL) and lactate (1.9 to 13.5 mmol.l-1) responses increased post-ex, but only the lactate level was reduced at post-30 min (p<0.01). The experienced participants had higher WBC, lymphocyte, and cortisol concentrations post-ex than the novice ones (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: A single HIFT session elicited significant acute perturbations in WBC count, stress markers, and muscle tissue, which is like other similar regimens. Importantly, the experienced participants showed greater lymphocyte and cortisol responses than the novice ones.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade/efeitos adversos , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Creatina Quinase/sangue , Feminino , Treinamento Intervalado de Alta Intensidade/métodos , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Ácido Láctico/sangue , Contagem de Leucócitos/métodos , Leucócitos/imunologia , Leucócitos/fisiologia , Masculino , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Treinamento Resistido/métodos , Testosterona/sangueRESUMO
RESUMEN Introducción: La apendicitis aguda es la urgencia quirúrgica más frecuente en cualquier hospital del mundo. Aunque la mayoría de las veces se trata de un proceso intrabdominal banal, en ocasiones presenta una no desdeñable morbilidad y todavía en la época actual. Esta morbimortalidad se asocia, en la mayoría de los casos, a estados avanzados de afección apendicular. Objetivo: Predecir, con la cifra de bilirrubina, la proteína C reactiva y el recuento leucocitario, el estado del proceso apendicular agudo que presentaban los pacientes. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo en el que se han incluido aquellos pacientes intervenidos por sospecha de apendicitis aguda durante un periodo de 3 años (2017-2019) que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Se analizó, como datos de laboratorio, la cifra de leucocitos, proteína C reactiva y bilirrubina. Resultados: Se observó un aumento de las cifras de proteína C reactiva y bilirrubina en los casos apendiculares avanzados, al igual que otros autores han evidenciado en la literatura. Así mismo, estos dos valores han resultado ser un factor de riesgo para presentar formas graves. El nivel de leucocitos sin embargo no ha demostrado relacionarse con la gravedad del proceso. Conclusiones: Vemos relevante el uso de los biomarcadores estudiados para predecir la gravedad apendicular con el objetivo de mejorar la asistencia en estos enfermos y disminuir las complicaciones derivadas del retraso terapéutico(AU)
ABSTRACT Introduction: Acute appendicitis is the most frequent surgical emergency in any hospital worldwide. Although most of the time it is a trivial intraabdominal process, sometimes it presents an unneglectable morbidity. This morbidity and the subsequent mortality are associated, in most cases, with advanced stages of an appendicular disease. Objective: To predict, using the value corresponding to bilirubin, C-reactive protein and leukocyte count, the state of acute appendicular process presented by patients. Methods: A descriptive observational study was carried out, including patients operated on for suspected acute appendicitis during a period of three years (2017-2019) and who met the inclusion criteria. The values for leukocyte count, C-reactive protein, and bilirubin were analyzed as laboratory data. Results: An increase in the values of C-reactive protein and bilirubin levels was observed in advanced appendicular cases, as other authors have shown in the medical literature. Likewise, these two values have turned out to be a risk factor for presenting severe forms. However, the level of leukocytes has not been shown to be related to the severity of the process. Conclusions: We consider the use of the biomarkers studied as relevant to predict appendicular severity in view of improving care of these patients and reducing complications derived from therapeutic delay(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Apendicite/cirurgia , Bilirrubina/efeitos adversos , Proteína C-Reativa/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Risco , Contagem de Leucócitos/métodos , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Observacionais como AssuntoRESUMO
The excretory-secretory products released by the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica (FhESP) are in close contact with the immune system and have different immunomodulatory effects associated with the parasite virulence. The control of the early immune response is crucial for the establishment of the fluke in the host. Related to this, eosinophils (Eo) are implicated as effector cells in helminthic infections, and the induction of Eo apoptosis has been demonstrated to be a remarkable immunoevasion mechanism induced by the parasite. In this chapter, we describe different techniques to assay Eo apoptosis triggered by FhESP as well as the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon.