RESUMO
Developing and sustaining relationships and networks before an emergency occurs is crucial. The Biocontainment Unit Leadership Workgroup is a consortium of the 13 Regional Emerging Special Pathogen Treatment Centers in the United States. Established in 2017, the volunteer-based workgroup is composed of operational leaders dedicated to maintaining readiness for special pathogen care. Monthly meetings focus on addressing operational challenges, sharing best practices, and brainstorming solutions to common problems. Task forces are leveraged to tackle more complex issues that are identified as priorities. In 2022, members of the workgroup were harnessed for response efforts related to mpox, Sudan ebolavirus, and Marburg virus disease. The weekly Outbreak Readiness call is a shared effort between the Biocontainment Unit Leadership Workgroup and the Special Pathogens Research Network of the National Emerging Special Pathogens Training and Education Center. Call participants included leaders of the Regional Emerging Special Pathogen Treatment Centers and federal partners who shared weekly updates on operational readiness of units, case counts, laboratory capacity, available medical countermeasures, and other pertinent information. The routine exchange of real-time information enabled learning and collegial sharing of experiences, highlighted the experience of the network to federal partners, and provided situational awareness of special pathogen outbreaks across the country. The consortium enabled this rapid convening of partners to meet an urgent need for special pathogen response. The weekly Outbreak Readiness call is a communication model and scalable framework that serves both domestic preparedness efforts and international efforts should the need for a collaborative global response arise. In this case study, we describe the framework and experience of this partnership, along with the structure of rapid deployment for group convening.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola , Liderança , Humanos , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/prevenção & controle , Doença pelo Vírus Ebola/epidemiologia , Estados Unidos , Contenção de Riscos Biológicos/métodos , Doença do Vírus de Marburg/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Las enfermedades infecciosas pueden convertirse en pandemias y constituir emergencias sanitarias. Desestabilizan los sistemas de salud, la vida económica, política, social y medioambiental de un país. En una situación de pandemia, se produce un aumento progresivo de las demandas asistenciales, que responden con la curva epidémica, y exige de los sistemas sanitarios la reorganización de sus recursos en función de la atención a los pacientes. En este trabajo se exponen las principales estrategias de dirección asumidas en el Hospital Militar Central Dr. Luis Díaz Soto en la preparación de la institución para el enfrentamiento a la COVID-19. Una vez esclarecida la tarea, se definió en la institución, la misión, visión, objetivos generales y política de calidad para la asistencia médica en esta situación sanitaria. Se realizaron 3 actividades fundamentales, la creación de un puesto de mando central, la definición de las áreas clasificadas como zona roja y la reorganización de las actividades asistenciales, que incluyó los elementos de garantía de la bioseguridad. Como indicadores hospitalarios para analizar mensualmente el resultado de la actividad asistencial se determinaron el índice de ocupación, el promedio de estadía, la letalidad y la mortalidad bruta y neta. La estrategia de dirección permitió la organización de la institución para el enfrentamiento a la pandemia(AU)
Infectious diseases can become pandemics and constitute health emergencies. They destabilize health systems and the economic, political, social and environmental life of a country. In a pandemic situation, there is a progressive increase in the demand for care, which responds to the epidemic curve and requires health systems to reorganize their resources in terms of patient care. This paper presents the main management strategies adopted at the Central Military Hospital Dr. Luis Díaz Soto in the preparation of the institution to face COVID-19. Once the task was clarified, the institution defined its mission, vision, general objectives and quality policy for medical assistance in this health situation. Three fundamental activities were carried out: the creation of a central command post, the definition of the areas classified as red zones and the reorganization of healthcare activities, which included the elements of biosafety assurance. The hospital indicators used to analyze the results of care activities on a monthly basis included the occupancy rate, average length of stay, case fatality, and gross and net mortality. The management strategy allowed the organization of the institution to face the pandemic(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Contenção de Riscos Biológicos/métodos , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Capacidades de Enfrentamento/métodosRESUMO
Introducción: La bioseguridad y el autocuidado son dos prácticas importantes en el proceso de formación. Estas deben reforzarse permanentemente, ya que se relacionan de manera directa no solo con el riesgo de infecciones, sino con la calidad de la atención. Objetivo: Identificar la evidencia científica sobre los procesos de formación en bioseguridad y autocuidado en el marco de la pandemia. Métodos: Se hizo una revisión de la literatura científica publicada entre 2016 y 2020 sobre medidas de bioseguridad y autocuidado. La búsqueda se realizó en español, inglés y portugués, en la Biblioteca Virtual en Salud, Pubmed, Science Direct y el motor de búsqueda de Google Académico. Se aplicó la metodología PRISMA y se evaluaron en total 25 artículos científicos. Resultados: El año 2020 tuvo mayor frecuencia. La generalidad de los estudios se realizó en el contexto universitario en programas de salud. La higiene de las manos y el uso de guantes fueron las medidas de bioseguridad más informadas; mientras que las medidas de precaución se conocen e implementan. Las publicaciones denotan moderado conocimiento en cuanto a prevención de factores de riesgos biológicos, especialmente en prácticas clínicas. Conclusiones: En los procesos de formación debe tenerse en cuenta la relevancia de reforzar las medidas de bioseguridad y autocuidado para favorecer el ejercicio profesional. Es importante diseñar y repensar estos procesos, tanto en docentes como estudiantes, a través de nuevos métodos y cambios curriculares. La salud mental puede verse afectada no solo por la situación, sino por desconocimiento, miedo a infectarse y sobrecarga laboral(AU)
Introduction: Biosafety and self-care are two important practices in the training process. These should be permanently reinforced, since they are directly related not only to the risk of infections, but also to the quality of care. Objective: To identify the scientific evidence on the biosafety and self-care training processes in the context of the pandemic. Methods: A review of the scientific literature published between 2016 and 2020 on biosafety and self-care measures was carried out. The search was performed in Spanish, English and Portuguese, in the Virtual Health Library, PubMed, Science Direct, and the Google Scholar search engine. The PRISMA methodology was applied and a total of 25 scientific articles were assessed. Results: The year 2020 had the highest frequency. Most of the studies were carried out in the university context in health programs. Hand hygiene and glove-wearing were the most reported biosafety measures, while warning measures are known and implemented. The publications are indicative of moderate knowledge regarding prevention of biological risk factors, especially in clinical practices. Conclusions: The relevance of reinforcing biosafety and self-care measures to favor professional practice should be taken into account in training processes. It is important to design and rethink these processes, both in professors and students, through new methods and curricular changes. Mental health may be affected not only by the situation, but also by ignorance, fear of infection and work overload(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Prática Profissional/tendências , Autocuidado/métodos , Estágio Clínico/métodos , Contenção de Riscos Biológicos/métodos , Universidades , Educação Vocacional/tendências , Fatores Biológicos , Pandemias/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivo desenvolver e validar um instrumento de avaliação das medidas de Biossegurança adotadas pelos bombeiros militares, para a contenção dos agentes biológicos frente a um evento de bioterrorismo. Métodos: Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo de abordagem quantitativa, de desenvolvimento metodológico e do tipo de validação de conteúdo de um instrumento de avaliação. O estudo foi dividido nas fases de desenvolvimento e validação do instrumento. Para o desenvolvimento do instrumento foram feitas revisões da literatura e para a validação do instrumento foi utilizado o método Delphi. Para o estudo foram incluídos 6 juízes que avaliaram o instrumento através da escala numérica tipo Likert. Resultados: Os juízes avaliaram que o instrumento proposto está bem estruturado, possuindo boa clareza e coesão de escrita, com aplicabilidade no campo de estudo e de grande relevância, principalmente em vista a ausência desse tipo de instrumento para a população de bombeiros militares. Para avaliar a concordância entre os juízes foi utilizado o índice de Validade de Conteúdo, que alcançou 98% de concordância e o Índice de Fidedignidade Interavaliadores, que alcançou os conceitos bom e muito bom, mostrando baixa variância das respostas dos juízes, sendo estatisticamente válido. Conclusão: O estudo descreveu o processo de construção e validação do instrumento, provando ser apropriado e confiável para ser utilizado.
Objective: This study aimed to develop and validate an instrument to assess the Biosafety measures adopted by firefighters, for the containment of biological agents in the face of a bioterrorism event. Methods: This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach, methodological development, and the type of content validation of an assessment instrument. The study was divided into instrument development and validation phases. For the development of the instrument, literature reviews were conducted and for the instrument validation, the Delphi method was used. For the study, 6 judges were included who evaluated the instrument using the Likert-type numerical scale. Results: The judges evaluated that the proposed instrument is well structured, with good clarity and cohesion of writing, with applicability in the field of study and of great relevance, especially considering the absence of this type of instrument for the military firefighter population. To evaluate the agreement between the judges, we used the Content Validity Index which reached 98% of agreement and the Interrate agreement, which reached the concepts good and very good, showing low variance of the judges' answers, being statistically valid. Conclusion: The study described the process of construction and validation of the instrument, proving to be appropriate and reliable to be used.
Objetivo: Este estudio tenía como objetivo desarrollar y validar un instrumento para evaluar las medidas de bioseguridad adoptadas por los bomberos militares para contener los agentes biológicos durante un evento de bioterrorismo. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio descriptivo de abordaje cuantitativo, de desarrollo metodológico y del tipo de validación de contenido de un instrumento de evaluación. El estudio se dividió en las fases de desarrollo y validación del instrumento. Para la elaboración del instrumento se realizaron revisiones bibliográficas y para la validación del mismo se utilizó el método Delphi. Para el estudio se incluyeron 6 jueces que evaluaron el instrumento mediante una escala numérica tipo Likert. Resultados: Los jueces evaluaron que el instrumento propuesto está bien estructurado, poseyendo buena claridad y cohesión de redacción, con aplicabilidad en el campo de estudio y de gran relevancia, especialmente en vista de la ausencia de este tipo de instrumento para la población de bomberos militares. Se utilizó el Índice de Validez de Contenido para evaluar la concordancia entre los jueces, alcanzando un 98% de acuerdo y el Índice de Fiabilidad Inter-registrador, que alcanzó conceptos buenos y muy buenos, mostrando una baja varianza en las respuestas de los jueces, siendo estadísticamente válido. Conclusión: El estudio describió el proceso de construcción y validación del instrumento, demostrando ser apropiado y confiable para ser utilizado.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Contenção de Riscos Biológicos/métodos , Bombeiros/educação , Bioterrorismo/prevenção & controle , Estudos de Avaliação como Assunto , Estudos de Validação como Assunto , Fatores Biológicos , Técnica Delphi , Militares/educaçãoRESUMO
Com o surgimento da pandemia causada pelo SARS-Cov-2, houve a necessidade de reestruturação dos serviços de saúde no Brasil, incluindo a clínica odontológica. O objetivo do presente estudo é descrever as medidas de biossegurança realizadas ou modificadas na prática de saúde bucal no estado do Paraná, em nível público e privado, envolvendo três categorias profissionais: cirurgiões-dentistas (CD), técnicos em saúde bucal (TSB) e auxiliares de saúde bucal (ASB). Esta pesquisa transversal descritiva foi realizada nos meses de agosto a outubro de 2020, com o envio de questionários on-linepor e-maile divulgação em redes sociais. Foram envolvidos 1072 profissionais, sendo 75,6% CD, 16,3% ASB e 8,1% TSB. O gênero feminino foi predominante entre os participantes (81,1%), com 46,1% apresentando idade entre 40 e 59 anos. Gorro, máscara cirúrgica, óculos de proteção e protetor facial são referidos como sempre utilizados, respectivamente, por 92,3%, 81,0%, 80,0% e 79,1% dos participantes. A máscara N95/PFF2 (67,5%) e o avental impermeável (20,3%) tiverem os maiores percentuais de "nunca disponíveis ou utilizados". Cerca de 50% afirmaram que tiveram acesso à Nota Técnica GVIMS/GGTES/ANVISA Nº 04/2020. Os profissionais avaliados, em geral, realizaram mudanças em suas práticas de biossegurança, mas precisam ser acompanhados durante toda a extensão da pandemia.
With the emergence of the SARS-Cov-2 pandemic, there was a need to restructure health services in Brazil, including the dental clinic. The aim of the present study was to describe the biosafety measures performed or modified in oral health practice at public and private levels, involving the three professional categories: dental surgeons (DDS), oral health technicians(OHT), and health assistants (HA) in the state of Paraná. This escriptive cross-sectional survey was carried out from August to October 2020, with an online questionnaire being sent by email and published on social networks. There were 1072 professionalsinvolved, of which 75.6% were DDS, 16.3% were OHT, and 8.1% were HA. The female gender was predominant among the participants (81.1%), and 46.1% were aged between 40 and 59 years. 92.3%, 81.0%, 80.0%, and 79.1% of the articipants, respectively, said theyalways used a cap, surgical mask, protective glasses, and face shield. The N95/PFF2 mask (67.5%) and the waterproof apron (20.3%) are two of the most frequently mentioned items as never being available or used. About 51% said they had access to Technical Note GVIMS/GGTES/ANVISA No. 04/2020. In general, the professionals evaluated have been making changes in their biosafety practices, but they still need to be monitored throughout the pandemic.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Equipamentos de Proteção , Contenção de Riscos Biológicos/métodos , Consultórios Odontológicos/normas , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
Los estudiantes de medicina pueden estar expuestos a infecciones graves relacionadas con la atención de la salud si no siguen las medidas de prevención y control. Hay información limitada sobre el conocimiento y la percepción de los estudiantes de medicina con respecto a la bioseguridad y los enfoques educativos utilizados para enseñarles estas prácticas. El objetivo fue evaluar el conocimiento y la percepción de los estudiantes de medicina hacia las prácticas básicas de bioseguridad. Una encuesta descriptiva y transversal basada en entrevistas incluyó a 120 estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad Regional Autónoma de los Andes, Ecuador. Los estudiantes completaron un cuestionario sobre el conocimiento y la percepción con respecto a las prácticas de bioseguridad. El conocimiento de los estudiantes se evaluó por sus respuestas correctas a las preguntas del instrumento. El 57,5% de los estudiantes cumplen con las medidas de bioseguridad. La mayoría de los estudiantes perciben alto de riesgo de exposición a través de diferentes rutas con distintos patógenos, el argumento mayormente reportado fue el que puede ocurrir un accidente. Se observó que 81(67,5%) de los estudiantes mostraron tener conocimiento adecuado sobre bioseguridad, mientras que 39 demostraron lo contrario. El conocimiento sobre la bioseguridad fue bueno aunque se necesita más énfasis para mejorar su conocimiento en secciones como la técnica de colocación de guantes, momento de colocarse el gorro y qué es una sustancia antiséptica. Los cursos de Prevención y Control de Infecciones se pueden impartir a partir de su primer año de educación universitaria(AU)
Medical students can be exposed to serious health care-associated infections, if they are not following prevention and control measures. There is limited information on medical students' knowledge and perception of biosafety and the educational approaches used to teach these practices. The objective was to evaluate the knowledge and perception of medical students towards basic biosafety practices. A descriptive and cross-sectional, interview-based survey included 120 medical students from the Autonomous Regional University of the Andes, Ecuador. The students completed a questionnaire on knowledge and perception regarding biosafety practices. The knowledge of the students was evaluated by their correct answers to the questions of the instrument. 57.5% of students comply with biosafety measures. Most of the students perceive a high risk of exposure through different routes with different pathogens, the most reported argument was that an accident can occur. It was observed that 81 (67.5%) of the students showed adequate knowledge about biosafety, while 39 showed the opposite. Biosafety knowledge was good although more emphasis is needed to improve their knowledge in sections such as gloving technique, time to put on the cap and what is an antiseptic substance. Infection Prevention and Control courses can be taught beginning in your first year of college education(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Controle de Infecções , Contenção de Riscos Biológicos/métodos , Educação de Graduação em Medicina , Equipamento de Proteção Individual , Estudantes de Medicina , Universidades , Inquéritos e Questionários , EquadorRESUMO
Introducción: El uso de la toxina como medicamento constituye un riesgo biológico, debido a la presencia de la toxina, así como al uso indebido que se le puede dar. Objetivo: Evaluar el grado de riesgo biológico al manipular toxina botulínica como medicamento. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal en el Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica, La Habana, Cuba, en 2017. Se aplicó una lista de chequeo de riesgo biológico a 6 profesionales del área de tratamiento de toxina botulínica. El resultado integrado de la lista de chequeo se analizó a través del método semicuantitativo "ERBIO". Resultados: La probabilidad se catalogó de "media", el cumplimiento de medidas de contención como "aceptable" y la exposición se consideró como "muy frecuente". Conclusiones: Se constató un grado de riesgo biológico "tolerable" al manipular la toxina botulínica como medicamento en el Centro Internacional de Restauración Neurológica. Esto implica que se deben considerar mejoras que no supongan una carga económica importante, que requerirán de comprobaciones periódicas para asegurar el mantenimiento de la eficacia de las medidas de control establecidas(AU)
Introduction: The use of the toxin as a medication constitutes a biological risk, due to the presence of the toxin, as well as the potential improper use. Objective: To evaluate the degree of biological risk when Handling botulinum toxin as a medication. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out at the International Center for Neurological Restoration, Havana, Cuba, in 2017. A biological risk checklist was applied to six professionals from the botulinum toxin treatment area. The integrated result of the checklist was analyzed through ERBIO semi-quantitative method. Results: The probability was classified as medium. Compliance with containment measures was assessed as acceptable and the exposure was considered as very frequent. Conclusions: A tolerable degree of biological risk was found when manipulating botulinum toxin as a medication at the International Center for Neurological Restoration. This implies that improvements should be considered not to imply a significant economic burden, which will require periodic checks to ensure the maintenance of the effectiveness of the established control measures(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Produtos Biológicos , Toxinas Botulínicas , Preparações Farmacêuticas , Contenção de Riscos Biológicos/métodos , Riscos Ocupacionais , Substâncias PerigosasRESUMO
RESUMEN La bioseguridad juega un papel importante en las investigaciones biomédicas. Es preciso conocer las medidas recomendadas para el control de enfermedades en los entornos laborales donde los trabajadores corren el riesgo de contraer enfermedades y convertirse en fuente de infección para los pacientes. El objetivo de este trabajo es contribuir con la divulgación de las medidas de bioseguridad en los laboratorios biomédicos. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de los principales artículos publicados en inglés y español en PubMed, SciELO y MEDLINE. Resulta de gran importancia la divulgación de las medidas de bioseguridad, a fin de garantizar su conocimiento por parte de los profesionales de los diferentes tipos de laboratorios. Ellos están obligados a desarrollar o adoptar un manual de operaciones o de bioseguridad que identifique los riesgos que se encontrarán o puedan producirse, y especifique las prácticas y procedimientos destinados a minimizar o eliminar las exposiciones a estos (AU).
ABSTRACT Biosecurity plays an important role in biomedical research. It is necessary to know the recommended measures for disease control in work environments where workers are at risk of contracting diseases and becoming a source of infection for patients. The aim of this work is to contribute to the dissemination of biosafety measures in biomedical laboratories. A systematic review of the main articles published in English and Spanish in PubMed, SciELO and MEDLINE was carried out. The dissemination of biosafety measures is of great importance in order to ensure their knowledge by professionals in the different types of laboratories. They have to develop or adopt a manual of operations or biosecurity that identifies the risks that will be found or may occur, and specifies the practices and procedures to minimize or eliminate exposures to them (AU).
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Contenção de Riscos Biológicos/métodos , Pesquisa Biomédica/tendências , Gestão de Riscos , Desenvolvimento Tecnológico , Fatores de Risco , Medição de Risco , Serviços Laboratoriais de Saúde PúblicaRESUMO
With the social isolation resulting from the coronavirus pandemic, the residency in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Federal District Public Health System adapted to maintain the attendance and course schedule. Theoretical classes migrated to online and there was an abrupt change in practical activities, such as the reduction in elective care and newbiosafetyprotocols. The objective of this research was to understand the impact of the pandemic on the residency, including the analysis of perception and the level of satisfaction of the participants regarding online classes and practical activities, analysis of the number and type of surgeries performed in 2020 and residents'attitudes aimedfor professional career, through Likerttypequestionnaires. Only half of the tutors and less than half of the residentswere motivated to use the virtual teaching environment. In addition, the number of surgerieswasreduced by more than 40%. In addition, half of the residents responded that they do not feel capableto resolve unexpected events related to their training and that they are not confident in making decisions regarding theirprofessional career. COVID-19 will continue to have a greater impact on surgical practice, so hospitals should develop a detailed contingency plan, including for pandemics and schools should permanently incorporate options of complementary remote activitiesin their curriculum (AU).
Com o isolamento social decorrente da pandemia de coronavírus, a residência em Cirurgia Buco-Maxilo-Facialda Secretaria de Saúde do Distrito Federalse adaptou para manter o atendimento e o cronograma do curso. Aulas teóricas migraram para onlinee houve abrupta mudança das atividades práticas, como a diminuição do atendimento eletivo e novos protocolos de biossegurança. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi entender o impacto da pandemia no ensino na residência, incluindo a análise de percepção e do nível de satisfação dos participantes quanto às aulas onlinee atividades práticas, análise do número e tipo de cirurgias realizadas em 2020 e atitudes dos residentes voltadas para carreira profissional, por meio de questionários do tipo Likert. Apenas metade dos preceptores e menos da metade dos residentes estavam motivados a usar o ambiente virtual de ensino. O número de cirurgias foi reduzido em mais de 40%. Além disso, metade dos residentes respondeu que não se sente capaz de resolver eventos inesperados relacionados à sua formação e que não está segura em tomar decisões relativas à sua carreira profissional. A COVID-19 continuará a ter maior impacto na prática cirúrgica, por isso, hospitais devem desenvolver um plano de contingência detalhado, inclusive para o caso de futuras pandemias e escolas devem incorporar opções de atividades remotas complementares permanentemente em seu currículo (AU).