RESUMO
A coqueluche é uma doença infecciosa aguda, de elevada transmissibilidade e distribuição universal, imunoprevinível e de notificação obrigatória. Considerando a atual situação epidemiológica dos casos de coqueluche no Brasil e no Estado de Goiás, o Centro de Informações Estratégicas e Resposta em Vigilância em Saúde do Estado de Goiás - CIEVS/GO elaborou esse alerta aos serviços de saúde para a prevenção e controle da coqueluche, visto o risco de ocorrência de aumento de casos isolados ou surtos
Pertussis is an acute infectious disease, highly transmissible and universally distributed, vaccine-preventable and mandatory notification. Considering the current epidemiological situation of pertussis cases in Brazil and the State of Goiás, the Center for Strategic Information and Response in Health Surveillance of the State of Goiás - CIEVS/GO prepared this alert to health services for the prevention and control of pertussis , given the risk of an increase in isolated cases or outbreaks
Assuntos
Humanos , Coqueluche/epidemiologia , Coqueluche/diagnóstico , Coqueluche/prevenção & controleRESUMO
Nota técnica com o objetivo de alertar os gestores e profissionais de saúde quanto ao aumento de casos confirmados por coqueluche em 17 países em 2024, bem como em alguns estados brasileiros, conforme Nota técnica nº 70/2024 - DPNI/SVSA/MS e também reforçar para a necessidade de alcançar as coberturas vacinais conforme preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde, além de adoção de medidas para fortalecimento da vigilância epidemiológica e laboratorial do agravo diante da suspeita clínica, diagnóstico e tratamento oportuno da doença a fim de evitar a morbimortalidade pela doença no Estado de Goiás
Technical note with the aim of alerting managers and health professionals regarding the increase in confirmed cases of pertussis in 17 countries in 2024, as well as in some Brazilian states, according to Technical Note nº 70/2024 - DPNI/SVSA/MS and also to reinforce to the need to achieve vaccination coverage as recommended by the Ministry of Health, in addition to adopting measures to strengthen epidemiological and laboratory surveillance of the disease in the face of clinical suspicion, diagnosis and timely treatment of the disease in order to avoid morbidity and mortality due to the disease in the State from Goiás
Assuntos
Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Coqueluche/epidemiologia , Coqueluche/diagnóstico , Coqueluche/prevenção & controleRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Individuals with chronic respiratory illnesses may be at higher risk of pertussis infection and severe pertussis than those without. RESEARCH QUESTION: What is the incidence of pertussis and pertussis complications in cohorts with preexisting asthma or COPD vs age- and sex-matched control patients from the general population in the United States? STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This observational, retrospective study included individuals aged ≥ 10 years from an administrative health claims system between 2007 and 2019. Individuals with preexisting asthma or COPD were matched with control patients from the general population. The incidence of pertussis infections and pertussis-related complications were assessed overall and by age. The incidence of asthma or COPD exacerbations was also assessed before and after diagnosis of pertussis. RESULTS: In the general population, incidence per 100,000 person-years of pertussis infection ranged from 5.33 in 2007 to 13.04 in 2012, with highest (all years) in those aged 10 to 17 years. The risk of pertussis was higher for the asthma (rate ratio, 3.57; 95% CI, 3.25-3.92) and COPD cohorts (rate ratio, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.57-2.12) than the general population. Those with asthma or COPD had a 4.12-fold (95% CI, 3.16-5.38) and 2.82-fold (95% CI, 2.14-3.27) increased risk of pertussis with complications than the general population, respectively. Exacerbations were most frequent 30 days before pertussis diagnosis (incidence rate [IR], 25%) in the asthma cohort and 30 days before (IR, 26%) and after (IR, 22%) pertussis diagnosis, remaining elevated for 180 days after diagnosis, in the COPD cohort. INTERPRETATION: Among these insured individuals, asthma or COPD increased the risk for pertussis disease and complications vs the general population. COPD and asthma exacerbations were observed most frequently within 30 days of receiving a pertussis diagnosis and remained elevated, suggesting a long-term effect of pertussis in the COPD cohort.
Assuntos
Asma , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Coqueluche , Humanos , Asma/epidemiologia , Asma/complicações , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/epidemiologia , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/complicações , Coqueluche/epidemiologia , Coqueluche/complicações , Coqueluche/diagnóstico , Masculino , Feminino , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Estudos Retrospectivos , Incidência , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Criança , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Efeitos Psicossociais da DoençaRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivo. Desarrollar y evaluar un método de bajo costo basado en celulosa para la purificación rápida y amplificación directa de ADN de Bordetella pertussis de hisopados nasofaríngeos. Materiales y métodos. Se prepararon discos de celulosa y se evaluaron diferentes parámetros (buffers de lisis/lavado, número de discos y elución de ADN). El método se acopló a una amplificación directa por PCR en tiempo real (qPCR) y se estimó el rendimiento utilizando hisopados nasofaríngeos que fueron positivos (n=100) y negativos (n=50) para ADN B. pertussis por qPCR, comparado con el método basado en columnas de sílice. Se calculó el grado de concordancia, sensibilidad, especificidad, valor predictivo positivo (VPP) y valor predictivo negativo (VPN). Se evaluó la factibilidad del método rápido para ser acoplado a un ensayo colorimétrico de amplificación isotérmica mediada por lazo (LAMP). Resultados. El método rápido con un disco de celulosa y buffer de lisis y lavado conteniendo PVP-40 y Tween 20, respectivamente, mostró una mayor capacidad para purificar ADN amplificable de B. pertussis. El método tuvo una sensibilidad de 89,0% (IC95%, 80,2%-94,9%) y una especificidad de 98,5% (IC95%, 92,1%-100,0%), con un buen grado de concordancia (Kappa=0,867; IC95% 0,788 - 0,946), respecto al método referencial. Los VPP y VPN fueron 98,6% (IC95%, 92,7,2%-100,0%) y 88,2% (IC95%, 78,7%-94,4%), respectivamente. Se evidenció una amplificación exitosa por LAMP, y se obtuvieron resultados comparables con el método por columnas de sílice. Conclusión. El método desarrollado es simple, de bajo costo y libre de equipos para la obtención rápida (60 segundos) de ADN en el punto de atención, y puede ser implementado en diversas técnicas moleculares orientados al diagnóstico oportuno y al estudio epidemiológico de tos ferina.
ABSTRACT Objective. To develop and evaluate a low-cost cellulose-based method for rapid purification and direct amplification of Bordetella pertussis DNA from nasopharyngeal swabs. Materials and methods. We prepared cellulose discs and evaluated different parameters (lysis/wash buffers, number of discs and DNA elution). The method was coupled to a direct real-time PCR (qPCR) amplification and the performance was estimated using nasopharyngeal swabs that were positive (n=100) and negative (n=50) for B. pertussis DNA by qPCR, compared to the silica column-based method. We calculated sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) and the degree of agreement. The feasibility of the rapid method to be coupled to a loop-mediated isothermal amplification colorimetric assay (LAMP) was evaluated. Results. The rapid method, with a cellulose disk and lysis and wash buffer containing PVP-40 and Tween 20, respectively, showed a greater capacity to purify amplifiable DNA from B. pertussis. The method had a sensitivity of 89.0% (95%CI: 80.2%-94.9%) and a specificity of 98.5% (95%CI: 92.1%-100.0%), with a good degree of agreement (Kappa=0.867; 95%CI: 0.788 - 0.946), compared to the reference method. The PPV and NPV were 98.6% (95%CI: 92.7.2%-100.0%) and 88.2% (95%CI: 78.7%-94.4%), respectively. Successful amplification by LAMP was evident, and comparable results were obtained with the silica column method. Conclusion. The developed method is simple, low-cost and equipment-free for rapid (60 seconds) DNA collection at the point of care, and can be implemented in various molecular techniques aimed at the timely diagnosis and epidemiological study of pertussis.
Assuntos
Humanos , Bordetella pertussis/genética , DNA Bacteriano/isolamento & purificação , Celulose , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Coqueluche/diagnóstico , Nasofaringe/microbiologia , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Técnicas de Diagnóstico MolecularRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of A. baumannii in children aged less than 1 year admitted with a clinical diagnosis of whooping cough. RESULTS: A total of 225 nasopharyngeal samples from children under 1 year old hospitalized with clinical diagnosis of whooping cough were studied from January 2010 to July 2012. The presence of A. baumannii was detected in 20.89% (47/225) of the nasopharyngeal swab samples. Among the 47 patients with A. baumannii: 5 were diagnosed with A. baumannii monoinfection, 17 co-infection with bacteria, 7 co-infection with virus and 18 co-infection with bacteria + virus. It was observed that 51.6% (116/225) were children between 29 days and 3 months old, this same group had the highest overall prevalence with 53.3%. The most common co-infecting pathogens were Bordetella pertussis in 55.3%, Adenovirus in 42.6% and Mycoplasma pneumoniae in 23.4%.
Assuntos
Acinetobacter baumannii , Coqueluche , Bordetella pertussis , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Mycoplasma pneumoniae , Peru/epidemiologia , Coqueluche/diagnóstico , Coqueluche/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Low vaccination rates and under-detection of pertussis infections in adolescents and young adults have an impact on the transmission of pertussis to infants. In this study, the proportion of adolescents and young adults with IgG antibodies against B. pertussis antigens, representing recent infection or vaccination, was estimated in a population-based probabilistic survey in Mexico. METHODS: Sera and data from 1,581 subjects, including 1,102 adolescents and 479 young adults (10-19 and 20-25 years old, respectively) randomly selected from Mexico's 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey, were analyzed. IgG antibodies against pertussis toxin (PT) were measured with the CDC/FDA ELISA. A subset of 234 samples was additionally tested with Bp-IgG PT ELISA kit (EUROIMMUN AG, Lubeck, Germany). Threshold values from corresponding test kits were used to identify recent infection or vaccination. RESULTS: Overall anti-PT IgG seroprevalence was 3.9% (95% CI: 2.3-6.3); 3.1% (95% CI: 1.9-5.0) in adolescents, and 4.9% (95% CI: 2.2-11) in young adults. Seroprevalence did not significantly vary by sex, socioeconomic status, region or rural/urban location. Compared to the CDC/FDA ELISA, the EUROIMMUN test showed a 76% sensitivity and 88% specificity. The weighted estimates represent a considerable burden of recent infection in adolescents and young adults; however, most adolescents and adults were seronegative and, therefore, susceptible to pertussis infection. CONCLUSION: Since booster vaccination to B. pertussis after toddlerhood is not recommended in the Mexican national policy, anti-PT IgG seropositivity may be reasonably attributed to recent infection. Assessing pertussis seroprevalence requires careful consideration of the diagnostic test threshold interpretation and epidemiological model used.
Assuntos
Bordetella pertussis , Coqueluche , Adolescente , Humanos , Lactente , México/epidemiologia , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Coqueluche/diagnóstico , Coqueluche/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Bordetella pertussis is the causative agent of pertussis, which mainly affects unvaccinated children, while Bordetella parapertussis causes a disease presenting clinical characteristics that are indistinguishable from whooping cough. Despite high vaccination coverage, pertussis remains a public health concern worldwide, with approximately 140000 cases reported annually. Here we determined the prevalence of B. pertussis and B. parapertussis infection among infants under one year of age by polymerase chain reaction (PCR); our aim being to identify whether the data obtained relates to the relevant sociodemographic and clinical data. The study included 86 samples of nasopharyngeal swabs from infants aged between 0-12 months, who were reported as probable cases of whooping cough by the health centers around the Ecuadorian highlands, from August 2016 to July 2017. The nasopharyngeal swabs were cultured and microbiological and molecular analyses were performed. B. pertussis was identified by PCR in 41% of the samples (30/86), more than half of which corresponded to infants aged between 0-3 months. Moreover, a statistically significant correlation (p<0.05) between the identification of bacteria in culture and the catarrhal stage of the disease was observed. The results obtained from the study highlighted the need for an active national surveillance of pertussis, in particular for laboratory testing, to provide a highly sensitive and more specific diagnosis of Bordetella infection.