RESUMO

O estudo teve por objetivo averiguar como é a educação especial paraguaia e qual a visão da comunidade escolar de Salto Del Guairá ­ PY acerca da atuação de professores homens com crianças com deficiência. A pesquisa de campo foi realizada mediante gravação de entrevistas com uma Supervisora Pedagógica municipal, responsável por 17 instituições escolares de Salto Del Guairá, e uma mãe que reside no mesmo município e tem uma filha com deficiência, que estudou com um docente masculino em uma instituição inclusiva brasileira, em um município que faz fronteira com o Paraguai. Os resultados evidenciam que a Educação Especial paraguaia tem uma proposta que prevê o atendimento a pessoas com deficiência, mas na prática acaba não se concretizando, devido à falta de infraestrutura. A cultura paraguaia reproduz alguns padrões sociais de gênero e, desse modo, foi identificado um certo receio dos familiares quanto a atuação do docente masculino com crianças com deficiência.(AU)

The study aimed to find out what Paraguayan special education is like and what is the view of the school community of Salto Del Guairá - PY about the performance of male teachers with children with disabilities. The field research was carried out by recording interviews with a municipal Pedagogical Supervisor, responsible for 17 school institutions in Salto Del Guairá, and a mother who lives in the same municipality and has a disabled daughter, who studied with a male teacher at an institution inclusive, in a municipality bordering Paraguay. The results show that Paraguayan Special Education has a proposal that provides assistance to people with disabilities, but in practice it does not materialize, due to the lack of infrastructure. Paraguayan culture reproduces some social patterns of gender and, thus, a certain fear of family members was identified regarding the role of male teachers with children with disabilities.(AU)

El estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer cómo es la educación especial paraguaya y cuál es la visión de la comunidad escolar de Salto Del Guairá - PY sobre el desempeño de maestros varones con niños con discapacidad. La investigación de campo se llevó a cabo mediante la grabación de entrevistas con un Supervisor Pedagógico municipal, responsable de 17 instituciones escolares en Salto del Guairá, y una madre que vive en el mismo municipio y tiene una hija discapacitada, quien estudió con un maestro en una institución. inclusive, en un municipio fronterizo con Paraguay. Los resultados muestran que Educación Especial paraguaya tiene una propuesta que brinda asistencia a personas con discapacidad, pero en la práctica no se materializa, por falta de infraestructura. La cultura paraguaya reproduce algunos patrones sociales de género y, por lo tanto, se identificó cierto temor de los miembros de la familia con respecto al rol de los maestros con niños con discapacidad.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

ABSTRACT: The transition to virtual and hybrid schooling given the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States has upended the education system and may be widening gaps in service disparities, particularly for children with disabilities. Schools often function as "de facto" service systems for most children with disabilities, particularly those from racially and ethnically minoritized, economically vulnerable, and bilingual populations. The impact of school closures on children with disabilities poses significant ramifications for the medical, behavioral health, and educational systems in which they are served, necessitating the need for pediatric clinicians to collaborate with schools in purposeful ways. This commentary (1) presents an overview of the current guidance for providing school-based services to children with disabilities during the COVID context with many schools operating in virtual or hybrid formats, (2) reviews potential service inequities exacerbated by school closures and lack of on-site services, and (3) offers recommendations for collaborating with school staff and community agencies in support of children and families with disabilities.

Assuntos

RESUMO

RESUMO. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar a percepção de educadoras frente às necessidades de duas bebês com deficiência física em contexto de inclusão na creche. Realizou-se um estudo de caso múltiplo, com seis educadoras que atendiam a turma de Mariana (24 meses), e quatro educadoras que atendiam a turma de Vitória (18 meses), as quais responderam uma entrevista semiestruturada. Ambas as bebês tinham deficiência física e frequentavam escolas de educação infantil da rede pública de Porto Alegre. Os dados foram analisados através de diversas leituras do material, produzindo um relato clínico. Em relação à Mariana, as educadoras destacaram a necessidade de estímulo e de suporte físico à bebê, bem como a importância do afeto na relação educadora-bebê, presente em um 'olhar a mais', mais sensível. Quanto à Vitória, as educadoras reforçaram a importância da integração entre as áreas da saúde e da educação, assim como de um olhar mais atento às diferentes necessidades da bebê com deficiência. A partir dos resultados, foi possível compreender nesse 'olhar a mais', destacado pelas educadoras como necessário para atender à demanda das bebês com deficiência física, uma exigência de maior disponibilidade corporal e psíquica.

RESUMEN. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la percepción de educadoras frente a las necesidades del bebé con discapacidad física en el contexto de inclusión en la guardería. Se realizó un estudio de caso múltiple, cuyas participantes fueron seis educadoras que atendían a la clase de Mariana, y cuatro educadoras que atendían a la clase de Vitória, las cuales respondieron una entrevista semiestructurada. Ambas bebés tenían deficiencia física y frecuentaban escuelas de Educación Infantil de la red pública de la ciudad de Porto Alegre/Brasil. Los datos fueron analizados a través de diversas lecturas del material, produciendo un relato clínico. En cuanto a Mariana, 24 meses, las educadoras destacaron la necesidad de estímulo y de soporte físico a la bebé, así como la importancia del afecto en la relación educadora-bebé, que hace presente en una 'mirada a más', más sensible. En cuanto a Vitória, 18 meses, las educadoras reforzaron la importancia de la integración entre las áreas de la salud y la educación, así como de una mirada más atenta a las diferentes necesidades de la bebé con discapacidad. A partir de los resultados, fue posible comprender en esa 'mirada a más', destacada por las educadoras como necesario para atender a la demanda de los bebés con discapacidad física, una exigencia de mayor disponibilidad corporal y psíquica.

ABSTRACT. This study aimed to investigate the perception of educators regarding the needs of two babies with physical disabilities in the context of inclusion in the day care center. A multiple-case study was carried out. The participants were six educators who oversaw Mariana's class, and four educators who oversaw Vitoria's class, and all 10 educators answered a semi-structured interview. Both babies were physically disabled and attended public schools in Porto Alegre/Brazil. The data were analyzed through several readings of the material, which resulted in a clinical report. In relation to Mariana (age 24 months) the educators emphasized the baby's need for stimuli and physical support, as well as the importance of affection in the educator-baby relationship, which was present as a more sensitive 'extra thought'. As for Vitória (age 18 months), educators reinforced the importance of integration between the health and education fields, as well as closer attention to the different needs of the disabled baby. Based on the results, it was possible to observe within that 'extra thought' - highlighted by the educators as necessary to fulfill the needs of babies with physical disabilities - a demand for greater physical and psychic availability.

Assuntos

RESUMO

En el presente artículo se demuestra la importancia de la construcción de cultura de paz, de niños y niñas de quinto de primaria en la Institución Educativa Francisco Luis Hernández Betancur en el año 2018. Para la escritura del marco teórico se tuvo en cuenta el concepto cultura de paz y algunas fuentes de expertos sobre el tema, las cuales definen y mencionan la responsabilidad del Estado y la escuela en lo correspondiente a la formación moral para lograr desarrollar una cultura de paz. Asimismo, el estudio se acoge a un paradigma cualitativo de corte descriptivo y se orienta bajo el tipo de investigación etnográfica. Las técnicas de recolección de información aplicadas para dar cumplimiento a los objetivos propuestos son: la observación participante, entrevistas semiestructuradas y el grupo focal. Entre los resultados relevantes, se destaca que las unidades de análisis mismas concluyen que las acciones violentas no dan solución a los problemas que se presentan en el escenario educativo

This article demonstrates the importance of building a culture of peace for boys and girls in the fifth grade of the Francisco Luis Hernández Betancur Educational Institution in 2018. For the writing of the theoretical framework, the concept of the culture of peace and some sources of experts on the subject, which define and mention the responsibility of the State and the school, in what corresponds to the moral formation to develop a culture of peace. Likewise, the study follows a qualitative descriptive paradigm and is oriented under the type of ethnographic research. The information-gathering techniques applied to fulfill the proposed objectives are participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and the focus group. From the relevant results, it is highlighted that the units of the analysis themselves conclude that violent actions do not provide a solution to the problems that arise in the educational setting

Assuntos

RESUMO

Este artículo se centra en comprender cómo se pueden articular prácticas más inclusivas y democráticas a través del estudio de un aula de 1º de educación secundaria obligatoria y extraer sus implicaciones para el asesoramiento y la orientación educativa desde una perspectiva inclusiva. El diseño metodológico de este trabajo se encuadra en la investigación cualitativa, específicamente se aborda a través de un estudio de caso. Los métodos de recogida de datos utilizados han sido: la observación científica, la entrevista, un inventario de prácticas de aula y el análisis documental. El análisis de contenido de los datos se ha efectuado mediante el ATLAS.ti. En los resultados se recogen los elementos a tener en cuenta para llevar a cabo el asesoramiento y la orientación al profesorado en sus prácticas didácticas. A modo de conclusión, se puede decir que los orientadores educativos son una pieza clave a la hora de impulsar la mejora educativa

This article focuses on understanding how more inclusive and democratic practices can be articulated through the study of a secondary mandatory school classroom and extract its implications for educational counseling and guidance from an inclusive perspective. The methodological design of this work is framed in qualitative research, specifically addressed through a case study. The data collection methods used were: scientific observation, interview, inventory of classroom practices, and documentary analysis. The analysis of data content has been carried out using ATLAS.ti. The results include the elements to take into account to carry out advice and guidance to teachers in their teaching practices. As conclusion, it can be said that educational counselors are a crucial piece in promoting academic improvement.

Assuntos

RESUMO

RESUMEN Fundamento: La mirada inclusiva sobre las escuelas debe ser de cambios y amplitud para establecer en el sistema educacional la comprensión del ser humano, considerando sus historias, concepciones, percepciones, creencias, experiencias y trayectorias personales de forma interdisciplinar, especialmente de los niños con deficiencia. Objetivo: Analizar las experiencias de los niños con deficiencias, vivenciadas en una escuela de un municipio brasileño, a partir de los relatos maternos. Metodología: Estudio transversal, exploratorio con abordaje cualitativo. Se aplicó una encuesta a 20 madres de niños con deficiencias que estaban en seguimiento en un Centro de Salud, ubicado en una ciudad del estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Fue adoptado el referencial teórico-metodológico de la perspectiva hermenéutica dialéctica, buscando comprender la realidad situada en su contexto, atada a la confrontación y análisis crítico de las categorías empíricas. Resultados: Emergieron puntos problemáticos relativos a la inclusión escolar, inequidades de los derechos, escasez de profesionales de educación y de salud capacitados para el cuidado de los niños con deficiencias, así como las inadecuaciones arquitectónicas, selección y adaptación de mobiliarios para los niños. Conclusiones: La inclusión escolar se presenta como un reto multidimensional, una vez que aún son necesarias condiciones estructurales y contextuales adecuadas en correspondencia con un enfoque de desarrollo sostenible, de modo que la educación inclusiva en las escuelas se efectúe de manera concreta y real, ultrapasando el idealismo referido en las propuestas de políticas públicas.

ABSTRACT: The inclusive view on schools must be of changes and breadth to establish in the educational system the understanding of the human being, considering their histories, conceptions, perceptions, beliefs, experiences and personal trajectories in an interdisciplinary way, especially from disabled children. Objective: To analyze the experiences of disabled children, experienced in a school from a Brazilian municipality, based on the maternal stories. Methodology: Cross-sectional, exploratory study with qualitative approach. A survey was applied to 20 mothers of disabled children being followed up in a health center, located in a city in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The theoretical-methodological reference of the dialectical hermeneutical perspective was adopted, seeking to understand the reality located in its context, tied to the confrontation and critical analysis of the empirical categories. Results: Problematic points emerged regarding school inclusion, rights inequities, scarcity of education and health professionals trained for the care of disabled children, as well as architectural inadequacies, selection and adaptation of furniture for children. Conclusions: School inclusion is presented as a multidimensional challenge, since adequate structural and contextual conditions are still necessary in correspondence with a sustainable development approach, so that inclusive education in schools is carried out in a concrete and real way, exceeding the idealism referred to in public policy proposals.

Assuntos

RESUMO

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to examine the extent and type of robots used for the rehabilitation and education of children and young people with CP and ASD and the associated outcomes. METHODS: The scholarly literature was systematically searched and analyzed. Articles were included if they reported the results of robots used or intended to be used for the rehabilitation and education of children and young people with CP and ASD during play and educative and social interaction activities. RESULTS: We found 15 robotic systems reported in 34 studies that provided a low level of evidence. The outcomes were mainly for children with ASD interaction and who had a reduction in autistic behaviour, and for CP cognitive development, learning, and play. CONCLUSION: More research is needed in this area using designs that provide higher validity. A centred design approach is needed for developing new low-cost robots for this population. Implications for rehabilitation In spite of the potential of robots to promote development in children with ASD and CP, the limited available evidence requires researchers to conduct studies with higher validity. The low level of evidence plus the need for specialized technical support should be considered critical factors before making the decision to purchase robots for use in treatment for children with CP and ASD. A user-entered design approach would increase the chances of success for robots to improve functional, learning, and educative outcomes in children with ASD and CP. We recommend that developers use this approach. The participation of interdisciplinary teams in the design, development, and implementation of new robotic systems is of extra value. We recommend the design and development of low-cost robotic systems to make robots more affordable.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Introducción: los niños retrasados mentales presentan un desarrollo anormal de los procesos psíquicos, fundamentalmente los cognitivos superiores, los procesos voluntarios de la memoria, el pensamiento lógico verbal, y el lenguaje entre otros, todos como consecuencia de una lesión orgánica cerebral. Objetivo: para dar curso a la investigación se trazó como objetivo evaluar la aplicación de una intervención educativa con temas relacionados con higiene bucal, prevención y caries dental a niños con el propósito de mejorar el estado de salud bucal de los mismos, dadas por supuesto por sus características especiales. Materiales y métodos: para cumplimentar la investigación se evaluó la efectividad de la intervención propuesta en los niños retrasados mentales de 5 a 12 años de edad que pertenecen a esta área de salud sumando un total de 23 niños. Resultados: de los niños estudiados el mayor porciento eran del sexo masculino y tenían entre 8 y 10 años de edad; antes de la intervención educativa existía un gran numero de niños que tenían una higiene bucal inadecuada, desconocían los factores de riesgo de la caries dental y los métodos sobre prevención en Estomatología; mientras que después de aplicada la intervención mejoraron notablemente en estos aspectos. Conclusiones: según los resultados obtenidos se puede concluir que esta estrategia educativa preventiva permitió dar respuesta a los principales problemas identificados y alcanzar un mayor nivel de salud bucal en los niños con retraso mental en la etapa escolar al prevenir la formación de caries dental en dientes temporales y permanentes, pues al finalizar la intervención los resultados fueron evaluados de buenos (AU).

Introduction: children with mental retardation have an abnormal development of the psychical processes, mainly the superior cognitive ones, the voluntary processes of the memory, the logic verbal thought and language, among others, all of them as the result of a brain organic lesion. Objective: the aim of the research was evaluating the application of an educative intervention with themes related with oral hygiene, prevention and dental caries in children with the purpose of improving their oral health status, given the special characteristics of them. Materials and Methods: it was evaluated the effectiveness of the proposed intervention in children with mental retardation aged 5-12 years who belong to this health area, being 23 children in total. Results: the higher percent of the studied children were male, aged 8 and 10 years; before the educative intervention a great number of children had an inadequate oral hygiene, did not know dental caries risk factors and the preventive methods in Odontology, while after applying the intervention these aspects remarkably improved. Conclusions: according to the obtained results it could be concluded that this educative preventive strategy allowed answering to the main identified problems and reaching a higher level of oral health in children with mental retardation in scholar age, because it prevented the oral caries formation in deciduous and permanent teeth, since at the end of the intervention the achieved results were evaluated as good (AU).

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES:: analyze the discourse of healthcare professionals and families on the continuous and complex care for children with special healthcare needs; understand hospital discharge as a process centered on children demands and family learning. METHOD:: qualitative research conducted between 2013 and 2015 through semi-structured interviews, document analysis and the sensitive creative method; the participants were ten children with special healthcare needs, six professionals and eleven family members from a public pediatric teaching hospital in Rio de Janeiro. The data underwent critical discourse analysis. RESULTS:: at discharge, family caregivers should learn innovative care to guarantee the maintenance of their children's lives at home, but preparation is limited. CONCLUSION:: the clinicians and the families pointed out Nurse as the most qualified professional for this preparation, since caring for these children requires nursing care skills.

Assuntos

RESUMO

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar o discurso de profissionais e familiares sobre os cuidados contínuos e complexos de crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde; compreender a alta hospitalar como processo centrado nas demandas das crianças e na aprendizagem da família. Método: pesquisa qualitativa realizada entre 2013 e 2015, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, análise documental e método criativo sensível; participaram dez crianças com necessidades especiais de saúde, seis profissionais, onze familiares de hospital público de ensino pediátrico do Rio de Janeiro, cujos dados foram submetidos a análise crítica de discurso. Resultados: na alta, os familiares cuidadores querem aprender o cuidado inovador para assegurar a manutenção da vida de seus filhos no domicílio, mas o preparo é pontual. Conclusão: a equipe e a família distinguem o enfermeiro como o profissional qualificado para esse preparo, uma vez que os cuidados procedimentais são cuidados de enfermagem.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar el discurso de profesionales y familiares sobre la atención continua y compleja de infantes con necesidades especiales de salud; comprender el alta hospitalaria como proceso enfocado en las demandas del infante y el aprendizaje de la familia. Método: investigación cualitativa realizada entre 2013 y 2015 mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas, análisis documental y método creativo sensible; participaron diez infantes con necesidades especiales de salud, seis profesionales y once familiares en hospital público de enseñanza pediátrica de Rio de Janeiro, cuyos datos fueron sometidos a análisis crítico del discurso. Resultados: en el alta, los familiares cuidadores quieren aprender cuidados innovadores para respaldar la vida de sus hijos en domicilio, pero la preparación es particular. Conclusión: el equipo y la familia distinguen al enfermero como el profesional calificado para tal preparación, toda vez que los cuidados del procedimiento consisten en atención de enfermería.

ABSTRACT Objectives: analyze the discourse of healthcare professionals and families on the continuous and complex care for children with special healthcare needs; understand hospital discharge as a process centered on children demands and family learning. Method: qualitative research conducted between 2013 and 2015 through semi-structured interviews, document analysis and the sensitive creative method; the participants were ten children with special healthcare needs, six professionals and eleven family members from a public pediatric teaching hospital in Rio de Janeiro. The data underwent critical discourse analysis. Results: at discharge, family caregivers should learn innovative care to guarantee the maintenance of their children’s lives at home, but preparation is limited. Conclusion: the clinicians and the families pointed out Nurse as the most qualified professional for this preparation, since caring for these children requires nursing care skills.

Assuntos