RESUMO
ABSTRACT Purpose As a rare bladder tumor, paraganglioma of the urinary bladder (PUB) is frequently misdiagnosed as bladder cancer, particularly for the non-functional type. To date, transurethral resection remains a controversial treatment for non-functional PUB. This study aimed to identify the clinical features, pathological characteristics, prognosis, and safe/effective treatment of non-functional PUB using transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT). Materials and Methods The clinical records, radiological data, pathological characteristics and follow-up times were retrospectively reviewed in 10 patients with clinically and pathologically proven non-functional PUB in our hospital from January 2008 to November 2016. All patients underwent TURBT treatment. Results The incidence of non-functional PUB in patients with bladder cancer was 0.17%. The mean age at diagnosis was 44.5 ± 13.6 years (range, 29-70 years), and the patient population had a female: male ratio of 3: 2. No patients had excess catecholamine (CA) whilst four patients had painless hematuria. All neoplasms were completely resected via TURBT. The majority of samples were positive for immunohistochemical markers including chromogranin A (CgA) and Synaptophysin (Syn), but were negative for cytokeratins (CKs). Only a single recurrence was observed from the mean follow-up period of 36.4 ± 24.8 months. Conclusion Complete TURBT is a safe and efficient treatment that serves both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Histopathological and immunohistochemistry examinations are mandatory for diagnostic confirmation. Long-term follow-up is recommended for patients with non-functional PUB.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Paraganglioma/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/cirurgia , Paraganglioma/patologia , Uretra/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologia , Imuno-Histoquímica , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Seguimentos , Resultado do Tratamento , Sinaptofisina/análise , Cistoscopia/métodos , Cromogranina A/análise , Pessoa de Meia-IdadeRESUMO
PURPOSE: As a rare bladder tumor, paraganglioma of the urinary bladder (PUB) is frequently misdiagnosed as bladder cancer, particularly for the non-functional type. To date, transurethral resection remains a controversial treatment for non-functional PUB. This study aimed to identify the clinical features, pathological characteristics, prognosis, and safe/effective treatment of non-functional PUB using transurethral resection of the bladder tumor (TURBT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The clinical records, radiological data, pathological characteristics and follow-up times were retrospectively reviewed in 10 patients with clinically and pathologically proven non-functional PUB in our hospital from January 2008 to November 2016. All patients underwent TURBT treatment. RESULTS: The incidence of non-functional PUB in patients with bladder cancer was 0.17%. The mean age at diagnosis was 44.5 ± 13.6 years (range, 29-70 years), and the patient population had a female: male ratio of 3: 2. No patients had excess catecholamine (CA) whilst four patients had painless hematuria. All neoplasms were completely resected via TURBT. The majority of samples were positive for immunohistochemical markers including chromogranin A (CgA) and Synaptophysin (Syn), but were negative for cytokeratins (CKs). Only a single recurrence was observed from the mean follow-up period of 36.4 ± 24.8 months. CONCLUSION: Complete TURBT is a safe and effi cient treatment that serves both diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Histopathological and immunohistochemistry examinations are mandatory for diagnostic confi rmation. Long-term follow-up is recommended for patients with non-functional PUB.
Assuntos
Paraganglioma/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/cirurgia , Adulto , Idoso , Cromogranina A/análise , Cistoscopia/métodos , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Paraganglioma/patologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Estudos Retrospectivos , Sinaptofisina/análise , Resultado do Tratamento , Uretra/cirurgia , Neoplasias da Bexiga Urinária/patologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of nonsurgical periodontal therapy considering the salivary stress-related hormone and cytokine levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) on pregnant and nonpregnant women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty non-pregnant (control group) and 30 pregnant women (test group) that met the study inclusion criteria were chosen. Only participants with gingivitis were included. Clinical data and samples of GCF and saliva were collected at baseline and after periodontal therapy. The levels of interleukin-1 beta (Κ-1ß) and IL-10, and concentration of salivary chromogranin A (CgA) hormone were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The repeated measures analysis of variance was used for intragroup and intergroup analyses. RESULTS: A major decrease in the gingival inflammation was observed in both groups after periodontal therapy (p<0.05). Periodontal treatment decreased the level of IL-1ß in GCF (p<0.05) in control group, but no statistical difference was determined for GCF IL-1ß in the test group. However, after periodontal therapy, the CgA hormone concentration was reduced in both groups (p<0.05). However, there was no difference in salivary CgA concentration, GCF IL-10 levels, and perceived stress scale (PSS)-10 between the groups (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Within the limitations of this study, periodontal therapy significantly improved the periodontal status and stress level. In addition, the severity of the gingival inflammation during pregnancy was related to stress. However, further studies will be needed to substantiate these early findings.
Assuntos
Cromogranina A/análise , Líquido do Sulco Gengival/química , Gengivite/terapia , Interleucina-10/análise , Interleucina-1beta/análise , Complicações na Gravidez , Saliva/química , Adulto , Análise de Variância , Biomarcadores/análise , Raspagem Dentária/métodos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Líquido do Sulco Gengival/metabolismo , Gengivite/metabolismo , Humanos , Higiene Bucal/métodos , Índice Periodontal , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/metabolismo , Complicações na Gravidez/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Abstract Objectives The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of nonsurgical periodontal therapy considering the salivary stress-related hormone and cytokine levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) on pregnant and nonpregnant women. Material and Methods Thirty non-pregnant (control group) and 30 pregnant women (test group) that met the study inclusion criteria were chosen. Only participants with gingivitis were included. Clinical data and samples of GCF and saliva were collected at baseline and after periodontal therapy. The levels of interleukin-1 beta (Κ-1β) and IL-10, and concentration of salivary chromogranin A (CgA) hormone were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The repeated measures analysis of variance was used for intragroup and intergroup analyses. Results A major decrease in the gingival inflammation was observed in both groups after periodontal therapy (p<0.05). Periodontal treatment decreased the level of IL-1β in GCF (p<0.05) in control group, but no statistical difference was determined for GCF IL-1β in the test group. However, after periodontal therapy, the CgA hormone concentration was reduced in both groups (p<0.05). However, there was no difference in salivary CgA concentration, GCF IL-10 levels, and perceived stress scale (PSS)-10 between the groups (p>0.05). Conclusions Within the limitations of this study, periodontal therapy significantly improved the periodontal status and stress level. In addition, the severity of the gingival inflammation during pregnancy was related to stress. However, further studies will be needed to substantiate these early findings.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Complicações na Gravidez/metabolismo , Complicações na Gravidez/psicologia , Saliva/química , Líquido do Sulco Gengival/química , Interleucina-10/análise , Interleucina-1beta/análise , Cromogranina A/análise , Gengivite/terapia , Higiene Bucal/métodos , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Biomarcadores/análise , Índice Periodontal , Análise de Variância , Líquido do Sulco Gengival/metabolismo , Raspagem Dentária/métodos , Resultado do Tratamento , Gengivite/metabolismoAssuntos
Tumores Neuroendócrinos/diagnóstico por imagem , Tumores Neuroendócrinos/patologia , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Pancreáticas/patologia , Radiografia Abdominal , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adulto , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Cromogranina A/análise , Histocitoquímica , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Antígeno Ki-67/análise , Masculino , Microscopia , Sinaptofisina/análiseRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Severe congenital diarrhea occurs in approximately half of patients with Aristaless-Related Homeobox (ARX) null mutations. The cause of this diarrhea is unknown. In a mouse model of intestinal Arx deficiency, the prevalence of a subset of enteroendocrine cells is altered, leading to diarrhea. Because polyalanine expansions within the ARX protein are the most common mutations found in ARX-related disorders, we sought to characterize the enteroendocrine population in human tissue of an ARX mutation and in a mouse model of the corresponding polyalanine expansion (Arx). METHODS: Immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were the primary modalities used to characterize the enteroendocrine populations. Daily weights were determined for the growth curves, and Oil-Red-O staining on stool and tissue identified neutral fats. RESULTS: An expansion of 7 alanines in the first polyalanine tract of both human ARX and mouse Arx altered enteroendocrine differentiation. In human tissue, cholecystokinin, glucagon-like peptide 1, and somatostatin populations were reduced, whereas the chromogranin A population was unchanged. In the mouse model, cholecystokinin and glucagon-like peptide 1 populations were also lost, although the somatostatin-expressing population was increased. The ARX protein was present in human tissue, whereas the Arx protein was degraded in the mouse intestine. CONCLUSIONS: ARX/Arx is required for the specification of a subset of enteroendocrine cells in both humans and mice. Owing to protein degradation, the Arx mouse recapitulates findings of the intestinal Arx null model, but is not able to further the study of the differential effects of the ARX protein on its transcriptional targets in the intestine.
Assuntos
Diarreia/genética , Duodenopatias/genética , Células Enteroendócrinas/fisiologia , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/genética , Pseudo-Obstrução Intestinal/genética , Peptídeos/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Adolescente , Animais , Diferenciação Celular/genética , Colecistocinina/análise , Cromogranina A/análise , Diarreia/patologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Duodenopatias/patologia , Duodeno/patologia , Células Enteroendócrinas/química , Células Enteroendócrinas/patologia , Insuficiência de Crescimento/genética , Feminino , Peptídeo 1 Semelhante ao Glucagon/análise , Proteínas de Homeodomínio/análise , Humanos , Pseudo-Obstrução Intestinal/patologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Mutagênese Insercional , Somatostatina/análise , Esteatorreia/genética , Fatores de Transcrição/análiseAssuntos
Carcinoma Medular/patologia , Carcinoma Papilar/patologia , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/patologia , Adulto , Biópsia por Agulha Fina , Calcitonina/sangue , Cálcio/sangue , Carcinoma Medular/sangue , Carcinoma Papilar/sangue , Cromogranina A/análise , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Neoplasias da Glândula Tireoide/sangue , Tireoidectomia , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
This study examined intra-individual variations in salivary lactate (sLac), alpha-amylase (sAA) and chromogranin A (sCgA) with reference to the accumulation of blood lactate (bLac) during incremental maximal exercise in swimmers. Samples of blood and saliva were collected simultaneously from 12 male professional athletes during an incremental test that consisted of eight series of 100 m in front crawl with increasing velocity (0.03 m s(-1) each) and 70-s intervals. The concentration of blood and salivary lactate was determined by an electro-enzymatic assay, whereas sAA and CgA were analysed by Western blotting. Inflection points in the concentration of bLAc, sLac, sAA and CgA were found in all subjects. The accumulation of lactate in saliva followed the same pattern observed in blood with a high correlation between the two (r = 0.91). Similar results were observed between the dynamics of sAA (r = 0.81) and sCgA (r = 0.82) in relation to bLac. These findings support the usefulness of saliva for the determination of the lactate threshold and provide the first demonstration of sCgA as a novel marker of exercise intensity in well-trained men.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/análise , Cromogranina A/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Ácido Láctico/análise , Saliva/química , Adolescente , Adulto , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Cromogranina A/análise , Cromogranina A/metabolismo , Teste de Esforço , Humanos , Ácido Láctico/sangue , Ácido Láctico/metabolismo , Masculino , Esforço Físico/fisiologia , Valores de Referência , Saliva/metabolismo , Natação , Adulto JovemRESUMO
PURPOSE: Neuroendocrine differentiation is a hallmark of prostate cancer. The aim of our study was the detection of the parallel expression of neuroendocrine related markers using a prostate tissue microarray (TMA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study was aimed at detecting the parallel expression of NeuroD1, Chromogranin-A (ChrA), Androgen Receptor (AR) and Ki-67 by immunohistochemistry on prostate cancer tissue microarray. The data was analyzed using SAS version 8.2 (SAS Inc, Cary, NC). The relationships between NeuroD1, ChrA and AR expressions and patients' characteristics were investigated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Progression and Overall Survival (OS) distributions were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Tissue reactivity for NeuroD1, ChrA and AR concerned 73%, 49% and 77% of the available cases, respectively. Regarding overall survival, there were 87 deaths and 295 patients alive/censored (6 years of median follow-up). Seventy-seven disease progressions occurred at the median follow-up 5.4y. A significant correlation between NeuroD1, ChrA and AR expression was observed (p < 0.001 and p < 0.03, respectively). Additionally, ChrA was strongly associated in multivariate analysis to Gleason score and Ki67 expression (p < 0.009 and p < 0.0052, respectively). Survival analysis showed no association between markers neither for overall nor for cancer-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight that NeuroD1, Chromogranin-A and Androgen Receptor are strongly associated, however their expression does not correlate with overall survival or disease progression.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Neoplasias da Próstata/química , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Análise de Variância , Fatores de Transcrição Hélice-Alça-Hélice Básicos/análise , Cromogranina A/análise , Seguimentos , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Antígeno Ki-67/análise , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Gradação de Tumores , Proteínas do Tecido Nervoso/análise , Prognóstico , Próstata/química , Neoplasias da Próstata/patologia , Neoplasias da Próstata/cirurgia , Receptores Androgênicos/análise , Taxa de Sobrevida , Fatores de Tempo , Análise Serial de TecidosRESUMO
PURPOSE: Neuroendocrine differentiation is a hallmark of prostate cancer. The aim of our study was the detection of the parallel expression of neuroendocrine related markers using a prostate tissue microarray (TMA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study was aimed at detecting the parallel expression of NeuroD1, Chromogranin-A (ChrA), Androgen Receptor (AR) and Ki-67 by immunohistochemistry on prostate cancer tissue microarray. The data was analyzed using SAS version 8.2 (SAS Inc, Cary, NC). The relationships between NeuroD1, ChrA and AR expressions and patients' characteristics were investigated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Progression and Overall Survival (OS) distributions were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method. RESULTS: Tissue reactivity for NeuroD1, ChrA and AR concerned 73 percent, 49 percent and 77 percent of the available cases, respectively. Regarding overall survival, there were 87 deaths and 295 patients alive/censored (6 years of median follow-up). Seventy-seven disease progressions occurred at the median follow-up 5.4y. A significant correlation between NeuroD1, ChrA and AR expression was observed (p < 0.001 and p < 0.03, respectively). Additionally, ChrA was strongly associated in multivariate analysis to Gleason score and Ki67 expression (p < 0.009 and p < 0.0052, respectively). Survival analysis showed no association between markers neither for overall nor for cancer-specific survival. CONCLUSIONS: The results highlight that NeuroD1, Chromogranin-A and Androgen Receptor are strongly associated, however their expression does not correlate with overall survival or disease progression.