RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Micronutrient status may be a contributing factor to the development of childhood obesity in many industrializing countries passing the nutritional transition. The few studies investigating associations between serum concentrations of vitamin B and intake of B vitamins with adiposity, however, have reported inconsistent findings. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to examine associations between serum vitamin B-12 and folate concentrations and intakes of B vitamins with body fat by using data on 1131 Mexican American children 8-15 y of age included in NHANES 2001-2004. METHODS: Children's body mass index (BMI), trunk fat mass (TrFM), and total body fat mass (TBFM) were used as body adiposity (BA) measures. Serum concentrations of folate and vitamin B-12 were measured in blood samples collected from children. Intake of B vitamins was collected according to 24-h dietary recall. Associations of BA with serum concentrations of vitamin B-12 and folate and intake of B vitamins were determined by using linear and multinomial regression models. RESULTS: Serum concentrations of vitamin B-12 and folate were inversely associated with BMI (ß: -2.68, P < 0.01; ß = -1.33, P < 0.01), TrFM (ß:-3.32, P < 0.01; ß: -0.14, P < 0.05), and TBFM (ß:-1.93, P < 0.01; ß: -3.19; P < 0.01). Higher serum concentrations of vitamin B-12 were associated with a reduced risk of obesity (OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.31, 0.77; P < 0.001). Thiamin and riboflavin intakes were inversely associated with BMI (ß:-1.35, P < 0.05; ß: -1.11, P < 0.05) and TrFM (ß:-1.26, P < 0.05; ß: -1.37, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Similar inverse associations between BA and status of both vitamin B-12 and folate and intake of thiamin and riboflavin suggest that these micronutrients may play a role in adipogenesis and risk of childhood obesity.
Assuntos
Adiposidade , Ácido Fólico/sangue , Americanos Mexicanos , Riboflavina/sangue , Tiamina/sangue , Vitamina B 12/sangue , Adolescente , Índice de Massa Corporal , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Ácido Fólico/administração & dosagem , Deficiência de Ácido Fólico/sangue , Deficiência de Ácido Fólico/epidemiologia , Humanos , Modelos Lineares , Masculino , Rememoração Mental , Micronutrientes/administração & dosagem , Micronutrientes/sangue , Micronutrientes/deficiência , Análise Multivariada , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Obesidade Infantil/sangue , Obesidade Infantil/epidemiologia , Riboflavina/administração & dosagem , Deficiência de Riboflavina/sangue , Deficiência de Riboflavina/epidemiologia , Tiamina/administração & dosagem , Deficiência de Tiamina/sangue , Deficiência de Tiamina/epidemiologia , Vitamina B 12/administração & dosagem , Deficiência de Vitamina B 12/sangue , Deficiência de Vitamina B 12/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Among small Andean potato farmers, greater pesticide use and better linkage to markets are promoted as ways to improve farm outputs and incomes. The health of household members is assumed to improve with higher incomes, although evidence to support such an assumption remains scarce. OBJECTIVE: Using a multidisciplinary approach, we sought to characterize agricultural systems producing potatoes and to assess relationships between these characteristics and farm household health indicators. METHODS: We included seven communities linked to a regional agricultural potato production platform (socioorganizational "space" for potato commercialization) in Chimborazo, Ecuador. The unit of analysis was the community, each of which was classified according to its level of intensity of potato production as more intensive, intermediate, or less intensive. Data on crop management, household food intake, child anthropometry, and impacts of pesticide use on adult health were collected by survey. RESULTS: The net income from potato production was similar in communities with more intensive and intermediate production systems and lower in those with less intensive systems. However, deficits in protein intake were more common among children in communities with more intensive systems (63%) than among those in communities with intermediate (53%) and less intensive (37%) systems. Deficits in thiamin and riboflavin intake were more prevalent in communities with more and less intensive systems than in those with intermediate systems. In contrast, the prevalence of moderate chronic malnutrition, as measured by height-for-age, was greater among children in communities with less intensive systems (27%) than among those in communities with intermediate (5%) and more intensive (7%) systems. Across all intensities, frequent use of highly hazardous pesticides was associated with adverse health effects. CONCLUSIONS: Agricultural development programs need to work more cross-sectorally to realize the potential health benefits associated with intensification of production.
Assuntos
Proteínas Alimentares/administração & dosagem , Abastecimento de Alimentos/estatística & dados numéricos , Nível de Saúde , Estado Nutricional , Saúde da População Rural , Antropometria , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Equador , Feminino , Inquéritos Epidemiológicos , Humanos , Masculino , Praguicidas/efeitos adversos , Deficiência de Riboflavina/epidemiologia , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Solanum tuberosum , Deficiência de Tiamina/epidemiologiaAssuntos
Suplementos Nutricionais , Crescimento/fisiologia , Alimentos Infantis , Países em Desenvolvimento , Feminino , Humanos , Indonésia , Lactente , Cooperação Internacional , Masculino , Mães , Estudos Multicêntricos como Assunto , Peru , Deficiência de Riboflavina/epidemiologia , África do Sul , VietnãRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the catalytic activity of the red cell enzyme, glutathione reductase (GR) in pregnant women with Hb AS and with Hb AA, and in a group of non-pregnant women with Hb AA, as well as the relationship of GR deficiency with Hb S. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The catalytic activity was determined in presence and absence of FAD by means of a modified Long and Carson technique. 59 pregnant women with AS and 33 with AA phenotypes were studied. RESULTS: Differences were found in the enzyme's catalytic activity with and without FAD, both in pregnant women with Hb AS (mean values 37.17 nka/g y Hb in whites and 42.84 nkat/g HS in afro people) and in those with Hb AA, and also in non-pregnant women with Hb AA. A high frequency of GR deficiency was found in all groups due to an insufficient riboflavin supply in diet. CONCLUSION: A correlation between GR deficiency and Hb S could not be demonstrated. The coefficient of activity of red cell GR shows a tendency to increase in pregnancy due to certain riboflavin deficit of diet.
Assuntos
Eritrócitos/enzimologia , Glutationa Redutase/sangue , Complicações Hematológicas na Gravidez/sangue , Gravidez/sangue , Traço Falciforme/sangue , Adulto , População Negra/genética , Catálise , Cuba/epidemiologia , Dieta , Feminino , Flavina-Adenina Dinucleotídeo/sangue , Hemoglobina A/análise , Hemoglobina Falciforme/análise , Humanos , Fenótipo , Complicações Hematológicas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Deficiência de Riboflavina/sangue , Deficiência de Riboflavina/complicações , Deficiência de Riboflavina/epidemiologia , Traço Falciforme/complicações , Traço Falciforme/epidemiologia , População Branca/genéticaRESUMO
We carried out a review of the studies related to vitamin deficiencies in the Mexican population published since 1950. Forty four studies were published from which we can conclude that: a) dietary intake data suggest that ascorbic acid, riboflavin and retinol intake are deficient: reported intakes were 40-70%, 35-64% and 20-72% of the recommended daily amounts respectively; niacin intake was also deficient in some studies; b) about 10% of Mexican children in rural areas had deficient values of plasma retinol (< 100 ng/ml) and about 25 to 30% had low values (100-200 ng/ml); this prevalence is reduced in children with a higher socioeconomic level; c) some studies were found that show the existence of marginal deficiencies of vitamin E, riboflavin and vitamin B12 in apparently healthy populations. Further studies are required to identify the magnitude of these and perhaps other vitamin deficiencies and their potential effects on the health and function of the Mexican population.
Assuntos
Deficiência de Vitaminas/epidemiologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Deficiência de Ácido Ascórbico/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Deficiência de Ácido Fólico/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Niacina/deficiência , Gravidez , Deficiência de Riboflavina/epidemiologia , População Rural , Deficiência de Tiamina/epidemiologia , Oligoelementos/deficiência , População Urbana , Deficiência de Vitamina A/epidemiologia , Deficiência de Vitamina B 12/epidemiologia , Deficiência de Vitamina B 6/epidemiologia , Deficiência de Vitamina E/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Six groups of elderly subjects from central Guatemala were assessed for riboflavin status by using the erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient (EGRAC). The prevalence of riboflavin deficiency ranged from 50% to 76% among the free-living rural elderly subjects. Milk intake data that were collected from some of the subjects showed a significant correlation (P < 0.0001) between frequency of milk intake and riboflavin status. In a short-term riboflavin supplementation experiment in which nine riboflavin-deficient subjects were given 10 mg riboflavin/d for 3 d, all the subjects' EGRACs were normalized by the supplementation. However, they returned to a state of deficiency within 2 wk while consuming their usual diets without supplementation. It appears that the high prevalence of riboflavin deficiency in elderly Guatemalan people is caused by inadequate intake of riboflavin-rich foods such as dairy products, and that sufficient amounts of riboflavin need to be ingested regularly to maintain satisfactory riboflavin status.