RESUMO
Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) infection has a worldwide distribution and currently, more than 2.5 million individuals have been infected in Brazil. The study aimed to investigate HTLV infection prevalence among blood donors in Mato Grosso do Sul, characterizing seroepidemiological profiles of HTLV-1/2 positive individuals and evaluating the blood bank's HTLV screening system. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among blood donors from Mato Grosso do Sul state (MS)-Central Brazil, between January to December 2021. The information was obtained from databases, samples from the collection of HEMOSUL, and active searching, with the completion of laboratory analyses. 35,278 blood donors were screened for anti-HTLV-1/2 by chemiluminescence immunoassay (CMIA). Among them, 78 were initially reactive for anti-HTLV-1/2 (2.21/1000). Out of 78, 67 returned to the blood center to collect a second sample for retesting with a second screening with CMIA. After confirmation, 8 samples were indeterminate, and 8 were confirmed as positive for HTLV antibodies. New tests were performed for the 8 positive samples, and 6 were confirmed as HTLV-1 infection (0.17/1,000), one as negative, and one as indeterminate. The present study describes the low prevalence of HTLV infection in blood donors from MS and contributes to the definition of the regional infection profile. The prevalence found in this study (0.017%-0.17/1000) shows to be a much lower value than the rates reported in other states in Brazil. We highlight the need for confirmatory testing for those seropositive donors in screening assays and the need for adequate counseling and patient management for those confirmed HTLV individuals.
Assuntos
Infecções por Deltaretrovirus , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Bancos de Sangue , Doadores de Sangue , Estudos Transversais , DeltaretrovirusRESUMO
Background: Bovine leukemia virus (VLB) is an oncogenic deltaretrovirus associated with the development of persistent lymphocytosis (LP) and lymphosarcomas in cattle. LP is characterized by chronic elevation of the number of circulating lymphocytes, in the case of B lymphocytes. Several studies have described functional changes in various leukocyte populations in both blood and milk in VLB-infected animals. The impact of some chronic diseases of low lethality is aggravated by the emergence of comorbidities.The objective of the present study was to evaluate the oxidative metabolism and neutrophil phagocytosis of bovines of the Holtein breed naturally infected with the bovine leukemia virus (VLB). Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, 20 cows were divided into three groups: (NG) seven non-seroreagent animals for VLB and without hematological alterations; (GAL) eight seroreagent animals for VLB and without hematological alterations; and (GLP) five seroreagent animals for VLB with persistent lymphocytosis (LP). The oxidative metabolism of neutrophils was determined by the tetrazolium nitroblast reduction test stimulated or not with Zymosan particles. The percentage of neutrophils that phagocytosed Zymosan particle (s) was also evaluated. The data were initially evaluated for normality and homoscedasticity by the Shapiro-Wilk test. Then the ANOVA test followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test was applied for the comparison between the NG, GAL and GLP animals. Comparison between the NG animals and the seroreagent animals for the VLB (GVLB) was also performed through the unpaired Students t-test. The value of P < 0.05 was considered significant. No significant differences were observed in oxidative neutrophil metabolism in stimulated and non-stimulated samples with Zymosan particles nor in the percentage...
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Bovinos , Deltaretrovirus , Leucose Enzoótica Bovina , Neutrófilos , Vírus da Leucemia Bovina/imunologia , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , FagocitoseRESUMO
Human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) are Deltaretroviruses that infect millions of individuals worldwide via the same transmission routes as HIV. With the aim of exposing the possible re-emergence of HTLV in West Africa since discovery, a systematic review was carried out, focusing on the distribution of the virus types and significance of frequent indeterminate reports, while highlighting the need for mandatory routine blood screening. Capturing relevant data from discovery till date, sources searched were Google Scholar, CrossRef, NCBI (PubMed), MEDLINE, Research Gate, Mendeley, abstracts of Conferences and Proceedings, organization websites and reference lists of selected papers. A total of 2626 references were initially retrieved using search terms: Worldwide prevalence of HTLV, HTLV in Africa, HTLV in West Africa, HTLV subtypes, HTLV 3 and 4 in Africa, HTLV of African origin, HTLV seroindeterminate results, Spread of HTLV. These references were rigorously trimmed down to 76. Although evidence shows that HTLV is still endemic in the region, West Africa lacks recent epidemiological prevalence data. Thorough investigations are needed to ascertain the true cause of indeterminate Western Blot results. It is imperative that routine screening for HTLVs be mandated in West African health care facilities.
Assuntos
Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/epidemiologia , Deltaretrovirus , África Ocidental/epidemiologia , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/transmissão , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
ABSTRACT Human T-lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) are Deltaretroviruses that infect millions of individuals worldwide via the same transmission routes as HIV. With the aim of exposing the possible re-emergence of HTLV in West Africa since discovery, a systematic review was carried out, focusing on the distribution of the virus types and significance of frequent indeterminate reports, while highlighting the need for mandatory routine blood screening. Capturing relevant data from discovery till date, sources searched were Google Scholar, CrossRef, NCBI (PubMed), MEDLINE, Research Gate, Mendeley, abstracts of Conferences and Proceedings, organization websites and reference lists of selected papers. A total of 2626 references were initially retrieved using search terms: Worldwide prevalence of HTLV, HTLV in Africa, HTLV in West Africa, HTLV subtypes, HTLV 3 and 4 in Africa, HTLV of African origin, HTLV seroindeterminate results, Spread of HTLV. These references were rigorously trimmed down to 76. Although evidence shows that HTLV is still endemic in the region, West Africa lacks recent epidemiological prevalence data. Thorough investigations are needed to ascertain the true cause of indeterminate Western Blot results. It is imperative that routine screening for HTLVs be mandated in West African health care facilities.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/epidemiologia , Deltaretrovirus , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/transmissão , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , África Ocidental/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Prenatal tests are important for prevention of vertical transmission of various infectious agents. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), rubella virus and vaccination coverage against HBV in pregnant adolescents who received care in the city of Belém, Pará, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed with 324 pregnant adolescents from 2009 to 2010. After the interview and blood collection, the patients were screened for antibodies and/or antigens against HIV-1/2, HTLV-1/2, CMV, rubella virus and HBV. The epidemiological variables were demonstrated using descriptive statistics with the G, χ2 and Fisher exact tests. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 15.8 years, and the majority (65.4%) had less than 6 years of education. The mean age at first intercourse was 14.4 years, and 60.8% reported having a partner aged between 12 and 14 years. The prevalence of HIV infection was 0.3%, and of HTLV infection was 0.6%. Regarding HBV, 0.6% of the participants had acute infection, 9.9% had a previous infection, 16.7% had vaccine immunity and 72.8% were susceptible to infection. The presence of anti-HBs was greater in adolescent between 12 and 14 years old (28.8%) while the anti-HBc was greater in adolescent between 15 and 18 years old (10.3%). Most of the adolescents presented the IgG antibody to CMV (96.3%) and rubella (92.3%). None of the participants had acute rubella infection, and 2.2% had anti-CMV IgM. CONCLUSIONS: This study is the first report of the seroepidemiology of infectious agents in a population of pregnant adolescents in the Northern region of Brazil. Most of the adolescents had low levels of education, were susceptible to HBV infection and had IgG antibodies to CMV and rubella virus. The prevalence of HBV, HIV and HTLV was similar to that reported in other regions of Brazil. However, the presence of these agents in this younger population reinforces the need for good prenatal follow-up and more comprehensive vaccination campaigns against HBV due to the large number of women susceptible to the virus.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Testes para Triagem do Soro Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Gravidez na Adolescência/sangue , Viroses/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Citomegalovirus/imunologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/sangue , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/virologia , Deltaretrovirus/imunologia , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/sangue , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/virologia , Feminino , HIV/imunologia , Infecções por HIV/sangue , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Hepatite B/sangue , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/virologia , Vírus da Hepatite B/imunologia , Humanos , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas/prevenção & controle , Gravidez , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/sangue , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Cuidado Pré-Natal , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/sangue , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/epidemiologia , Rubéola (Sarampo Alemão)/virologia , Vírus da Rubéola/imunologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Viroses/sangue , Viroses/virologiaRESUMO
ABSTRACT Background: Infection with Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1 can be associated with myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and other inflammatory diseases. Lymphocytes from about half of Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1-infected subjects spontaneously proliferate in vitro, and how this phenomenon relates to symptomatic disease and viral burden is poorly understood. Objective: To evaluate T-cell proliferation in vitro among patients co-infected with Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1/Hepatitis C Virus/Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1. Material and methods: From 610 Human T cell Leukemia Virus-infected patients of the Human T cell Leukemia Virus outpatient clinic from Institute of Infectious Diseases "Emilio Ribas" in São Paulo, 273 agreed to participate: 72 had HAM/TSP (excluded from this analysis) and 201 were asymptomatic, a classification performed during a regular neurological appointment. We selected the subgroup made up only by the 201 asymptomatic subjects to avoid bias by the clinical status as a confounder effect, who had laboratory results of Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1 proviral load and T-cell proliferation assay in our database. They were further grouped according to their serological status in four categories: 121 Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1 asymptomatic mono-infected carriers; 32 Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1/Hepatitis C Virus, 29 Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1/Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1, and 19 Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1/Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1/Hepatitis C Virus co-infected patients. Clinical data were obtained from medical records and interviews. DNA Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1 proviral load (PVL) and T-cell proliferation (LPA) assay were performed for all samples. Results: From a total of 273 subjects with Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1, 80 presented co-infections: 29 had Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1, 32 had Hepatitis C Virus, and 19 had Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 and Hepatitis C Virus. Comparing the groups based on their serological status, independently of being asymptomatic carriers, we observed a significant increase of PVL (p < 0.001) and LPA (p = 0.001). However, when groups were stratified according to their clinical and serological status, there was no significant increase in Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1 PVL and LPA. Conclusion: No significant increase of basal T-cell proliferation among Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1 co-infected was observed. This interaction may be implicated in liver damage, worsening the prognosis of co-infected patients or, on the contrary, inducing a higher spontaneous clearance of Hepatitis C Virus infection in Human T cell Leukemia Virus type 1 co-infected patients.
Assuntos
Humanos , Adolescente , Infecções por HIV , Hepatite C , Deltaretrovirus/crescimento & desenvolvimentoRESUMO
The present study is the first investigation of the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs - rs8099917, rs12979860 and rs8103142) of the IL28B gene and the development of human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV)-associated arthropathy (HAA). Individuals with HAA exhibited low interleukin (IL) 6 (p<0.05) and high IL-10 (p<0.05) levels compared with asymptomatic patients. TNF-α/CD4(+) T cell count, TNF-α/CD8(+) T cell count and IFN-γ/proviral load positively correlated in asymptomatic patients. The allelic and genotypic frequencies did not differ between patients with HAA and asymptomatic patients. Seven haplotypes were detected in the investigated population, with haplotype CCT (p<0.05) being the most frequent among the HTLV-infected individuals, while haplotype TTG (p<0.05) was detected in the group with HAA only. Compared with asymptomatic patients, individuals with HAA and genotype TT (rs8099917) exhibited larger numbers of CD8(+) T cells (p<0.05) and higher proviral load levels (p<0.05). Those patients with HAA and genotypes CC (rs12979860) and TT (rs8103142) exhibited high TNF-ß (p<0.05) and IFN-γ (p<0.05) levels. Those patients with HAA and genotype CT/TT (rs12979860) exhibited high IL-10 levels (p<0.05). These results suggest that haplotypes CCT and TTG might be associated with susceptibility to HTLV infection and progression to HAA, respectively. Genotype TT (rs8099917) might be a risk factor for elevation of the proviral load and CD8(+) T cell count. In addition, genotypes CC (rs12979860) and TT (rs8103142) seem to be associated with increased TNF-ß and IFN-γ levels.
Assuntos
Artrite Infecciosa/virologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/virologia , Deltaretrovirus/fisiologia , Interleucinas/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Alelos , Artrite Infecciosa/genética , Artrite Infecciosa/metabolismo , Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/metabolismo , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/metabolismo , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/genética , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/metabolismo , Feminino , Frequência do Gene , Genótipo , Haplótipos , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Humanos , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Interferons , Interleucina-10/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , Contagem de Linfócitos , Masculino , Células Th1/metabolismo , Células Th2/metabolismo , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Carga ViralRESUMO
In this paper, we introduce a set of methodological steps for knowledge acquisition applied to the organization of biomedical information through ontologies. Those steps are tested in a real case involving Human T Cell Lymphotropic Virus (HTLV), which causes myriad infectious diseases. We hope to contribute to providing suitable knowledge representation of scientific domains.
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Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/classificação , Deltaretrovirus/classificação , Processamento de Linguagem Natural , Publicações Periódicas como Assunto , Vocabulário Controlado , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Estudos de Casos OrganizacionaisRESUMO
O presente estudo objetivou refletir sobre as alterações corporais sofridas pelos portadores de pararaparesia espática tropical...