RESUMO
AIM: To assess the effectiveness of three systems of mechanical preparation to reduce Enterococcus faecalis within root canals. METHODOLOGY: Twenty-four human single-rooted canine teeth were standardized to a length of 17 mm and the canal contents removed using a size 20 K-file, as the last apical file. After irrigation and sterilization, the canals were contaminated with E. faecalis and incubated for 21 days at 37 °C with 5% CO(2). Then, the teeth were divided into three groups for mechanical preparation with: ProTaper rotary system, ProTaper manual system and manual K-files. Samples of the root canal contents, before and after the debridement, were collected with sterile paper points for 1 min. Then, the samples were diluted and plated in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) agar. The colony-forming units were counted and the percentage reduction calculated. The reduction and log CFU mL(-1) were compared between groups using Wilcoxon nonparametric test and two-way analysis of variance, respectively. RESULTS: There was a significant reduction in the number of CFU/mL (P = 0.000) before and after debridement for all the systems used. However, there was no significant difference between the systems. CONCLUSION: All the three instrumentation systems reduced E. faecalis counts to a similar degree.
Assuntos
Cavidade Pulpar/microbiologia , Enterococcus faecalis/isolamento & purificação , Preparo de Canal Radicular/instrumentação , Carga Bacteriana , Técnicas Bacteriológicas , Dente Canino/microbiologia , Ácido Edético/uso terapêutico , Desenho de Equipamento , Humanos , Teste de Materiais , Pulpectomia/instrumentação , Irrigantes do Canal Radicular/uso terapêutico , Preparo de Canal Radicular/métodos , Hipoclorito de Sódio/uso terapêutico , Temperatura , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
The success of endodontic treatment depends on the complete elimination of microorganisms from the root canal system, thus the search for new procedures to eliminate them is justified. The aim of this study was to assess bacterial reduction after intracanal irradiation with the Er:YAG laser. The canals of 70 extracted human maxillary canines were prepared up to file #40 using 1% NaOCl, irrigated with 17% EDTA, and then washed with physiological solution activated by ultrasound. The roots were sterilized by autoclaving, inoculated with 10 µl of a suspension containing 1.5 × 10(8) CFU/ml of Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and incubated at 37°C for 72 h. The canals were irradiated with the Er:YAG laser using two energy settings: 60 mJ and 15 Hz, and 100 mJ and 10 Hz. The remaining bacteria were counted immediately and 48 h after laser irradiation. The results showed a high bacterial reduction at both time points. With 60 mJ and 15 Hz there was an immediate reduction of 99.73% and the reduction was 77.02% after 48 h, and with 100 mJ and 10 Hz there was an immediate reduction of 99.95% and the reduction was 84.52% after 48 h. Although the best results were observed with 100 mJ of energy, the difference between the two settings was not statistically significant. The count performed 48 h after irradiation showed that E. faecalis were able to survive, and can grow even from small numbers.
Assuntos
Dente Canino/microbiologia , Enterococcus faecalis/efeitos da radiação , Lasers de Estado Sólido/uso terapêutico , Preparo de Canal Radicular/métodos , Dente Canino/efeitos da radiação , Humanos , Tratamento do Canal RadicularRESUMO
O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a ação do laser de baixa intensidade associado ao corante azul de toluidina, como agente bactericida durante a fase de instrumentação dos canais radiculares, comparando sua utilização associada ou não ao hipoclorito de sódio 0,5%. Para tal, 90 caninos humanos foram instrumentados, autoclavados e 88 imersos em caldo TSB (Tryptcase Soy Broth). Em seguida foram inoculados com suspensão de E. faecalis e incubados em estufa a 37°C, por 72 horas, para permitir a formação do biofilme. As amostras foram randomicamente divididas em 4 grupos de 22 dentes cada e 1 grupo controle negativo com 2 dentes. Grupo I: reinstrumentados e irrigados com soro fisiológico com posterior aplicação de terapia fotodinâmica (PDT); Grupo II: reinstrumentados e irrigados com hipoclorito de sódio a 0,5% com posterior aplicação de PDT; Grupo III: reinstrumentados e irrigados com hipoclorito de sódio a 0,5%; Grupo IV controle positivo: não foi realizado nenhum tipo de tratamento antes da coleta do material e Grupo V controle negativo: não foram contaminados. Para a coleta da dentina intracanal utilizou-se uma broca Gates Glidden número 6. A atividade antimicrobiana foi avaliada por meio da contagem de UFCs (unidades formadoras de colônias). Os dentes foram então imersos em meio seletivo para enterococos, incubados em estufa a 37º C por 72 horas e avaliados quanto à alteração de coloração do meio. Todas as amostras, exceto o controle negativo, apresentaram-se positivas. Com a finalidade de certificar-se da formação do biofilme e da confirmação dos resultados das contagens das UFCs, 9 amostras foram avaliadas ao MEV (microscopia eletrônica de varredura)...
This current paper aims to assess the action of low-intensity laser together with toluidine blue as a bactericidal agent during the instrumentation phase of radicular canals, comparing its associated or non-associated use with sodium hypochlorite 0.5%. To do so, 90 human canines were instrumented, autoclaved, and 88 were immersed into TSB, and were then inoculated with an E. faecalis suspension and brought into an incubator at 37 degrees Celsius for 72 hours in order to allow the formation of biofilm. The samples were randomly divided into 5 groups, 4 of which composed of 22 samples each plus 1 negative control. Group I: reinstrumented and irrigated with saline solution and subsequent application of photodynamic therapy (PDT); Group II: reinstrumented and irrigated with sodium hypochlorite 0.5% and subsequent PDT application; Group III: reinstrumented and irrigated with sodium hypochlorite 0.5%; Group IV: positive control (no previous treatment before material collection); Group V: negative control (2 samples) with no contamination. The collection of intracanal dentin was obtained by using a Gates Glidden drill nr. 6. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by CFUs counting. The teeth were then immersed in a selected medium for Enterococcus, incubated at 37 degrees Celsius for 72 hours. They were then assessed for medium turbidity. All samples, with the exception of the negative control, showed positive. In order to make sure of the formation of biofilm and the confirmation of the CFUs counting, 9 samples were scavenged under the electron microscope...
Assuntos
Humanos , Enterococcus faecalis/efeitos da radiação , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Hipoclorito de Sódio/efeitos da radiação , Infecções Bacterianas/radioterapia , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade/instrumentação , Tratamento do Canal Radicular/instrumentação , Biofilmes , Cloreto de Tolônio/efeitos da radiação , Dente Canino/microbiologia , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
This study analyzed the antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) in association with endodontic treatment. Twenty patients were selected. Microbiological samples were taken after accessing the canal, endodontic therapy, and PDT. At the end of the first session, the root canal was filled with Ca(OH)(2), and after 1 week, a second session of the therapies was performed. Endodontic therapy gave a mean reduction of 1.08 log. The combination with PDT significantly enhanced the reduction (1.83 log, p = 0.00002). The second endodontic session gave a similar diminution to the first (1.14 log), and the second PDT was significantly more effective than the first (p = 0.002). The second total reduction was significantly higher than the second endodontic therapy (p = 0.0000005). The total first + second reduction (3.19 log) was significantly different from the first combination (p = 0.00006). Results suggest that the use of PDT added to endodontic treatment leads to an enhanced decrease of bacterial load and may be an appropriate approach for the treatment of oral infections.
Assuntos
Bactérias/efeitos dos fármacos , Necrose da Polpa Dentária/tratamento farmacológico , Periodontite Periapical/tratamento farmacológico , Fotoquimioterapia/métodos , Tratamento do Canal Radicular , Adulto , Bactérias/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Hidróxido de Cálcio/uso terapêutico , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Terapia Combinada , Dente Canino/microbiologia , Cavidade Pulpar/microbiologia , Necrose da Polpa Dentária/microbiologia , Necrose da Polpa Dentária/terapia , Humanos , Iminas/uso terapêutico , Incisivo/microbiologia , Lasers Semicondutores/uso terapêutico , Periodontite Periapical/microbiologia , Periodontite Periapical/terapia , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/uso terapêutico , Polietilenos/uso terapêutico , Polilisina/análogos & derivados , Polilisina/uso terapêutico , Porfirinas/uso terapêutico , Materiais Restauradores do Canal Radicular/uso terapêutico , Preparo de Canal Radicular/métodosRESUMO
The effectiveness of 4.0% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) used with three irrigation methods in the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis from the root canal was tested in vitro. Root canals contaminated with E. faecalis were treated as follows: (i) irrigation with 2 mL of NaOCl solution and agitation with hand files; (ii) irrigation with 2 mL of NaOCl solution and ultrasonic agitation; (iii) irrigation with NaOCl alternated with hydrogen peroxide. Contaminated canals irrigated with sterile saline solution served as the control. Paper points used to sample bacteria from the root canals were transferred to tubes containing 5 mL of brain heart infusion (BHI) broth. Tubes were incubated and the appearance of broth turbidity was indicative of bacteria remaining in the root canal. There were no statistically significant differences between the experimental groups. However, NaOCl applied by the three methods tested, was significantly more effective than the saline solution (control group) in disinfecting the root canal.