RESUMO
Background: Demodicosis is a parasitic dermatopathy often found in dogs and considered rare in felines. It is caused by the mite of the genus Demodex. In cats, it can be caused by 3 species: Demodex cati, Demodex gatoi, and another Demodex species not yet named. Demodicosis can be associated with systemic diseases, which can compromise the animal's immune system, as is the case of demodicosis caused by Demodex cati. The present case report describes 3 cases of demodicosis, 2 by D. cati and 1 by D. gatoi, with pruritic lesions and abrasions in different parts of the animals' bodies, but which showed improvement with common treatment. Cases: The first 2 cases refer to feline patients treated in Curitibanos and the third in Blumenau, both municipalities located in Santa Catarina. The first patient, a 6-year-old female, SRD, IVF/FeLV-negative, presented abrasions and alopecia in the cervical region, at the base of the auricle and submandibular region, with pruritus for 3 months. Skin scraping was performed revealing presence of Demodex cati. The second patient, a 11-year-old male, SRD, FIV-negative and FeLVpositive, presented alopecic lesions with mild pruritus, one on the dorsal region of the head and 2 others slightly oval on the tail. A skin scraping was performed for parasitological examination which demonstrated the presence of mites of the species Demodex cati. The third patient, a 10-month-old male Persian, IVF/FeLV-negative, had alopecic and pruritic lesions on the back and head near the auditory canal, as well as signs of external otitis. The lesions on the skin were scaly and presented a blackish appearance, with evolution of a few weeks. Skin scraping was performed for parasitological examination, confirming the presence of Demodex gatoi. In all cases, fungal cultures were negatives. For the 3 patients, fluralaner was used transdermally, as a pipette with a single application, and all showed complete improvement within 30 days after administration. Discussion: Demodicosis is considered a rare disease among felines and the literature suggests involvement when linked to immunosuppressive causes, such as viral diseases or systemic comorbidities. Still, it can become the cause of bacterial or fungal co-infections due to immunological impairment. In the 3 cases reported, only 1 patient was positive for FeLV. Parasitological examination of the skin by deep or superficial skin scraping, considered as the diagnostic method of choice for demodicosis, was performed in the 3 patients and demonstrated the presence of mites. Although the literature does not provide treatment considered to be of choice for felines, fluralaner was prescribed transdermally for the 3 patients reported here due to its practicality and prolonged time of action, administered in single application as antiparasitic therapy, achieving success and complete improvement up to 30 days after its use. The animals that presented co-infections were treated according to the type of infections they presented and their therapies of choice.
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/terapia , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/veterinária , Infestações por Ácaros/veterinária , Ácaros/parasitologiaRESUMO
Our study describes the clinical, epidemiologic, pathologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular aspects PCR of a case of cutaneous pythiosis in a donkey (Equus asinus) from Brazil. During a dry period, the animal grazed for 4 months around a pond where the vegetation remained green. Skin lesions were nodular, multifocal, and disseminated, mainly involving the legs, ventral chest, and mammary gland. On cut surface, there were multifocal to coalescent discrete yellow foci, and occasional small cavitations with a few kunkers. Ulcerative nodular pyogranulomatous and eosinophilic dermatitis with folliculitis and furunculosis were observed histologically. Hyphae were observed in sections stained with Gomori methenamine silver. Immunohistochemistry with Pythium insidiosum antibodies yielded strong immunostaining of hyphae. P. insidiosum DNA was extracted from tissues in paraffin blocks by amplification of a fragment of 105 bp, which targets the 5.8S ribosomal gene. After the diagnosis of pythiosis, the larger skin lesions were excised and treated as second intention healing wounds, which were completely healed 30 days after resection. Small skin lesions regressed spontaneously in ~60 days. The granulomatous inflammation and outcome of the disease in this donkey were similar to cases of pythiosis in cattle.
Assuntos
Equidae , Pitiose/diagnóstico , Pythium/isolamento & purificação , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/veterinária , Animais , Brasil , Inflamação/diagnóstico , Inflamação/parasitologia , Inflamação/terapia , Inflamação/veterinária , Pitiose/parasitologia , Pitiose/terapia , Pythium/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA/veterinária , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/parasitologia , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/terapiaRESUMO
Tropical skin diseases are infectious conditions influenced by factors such as nutrition, housing, and the environment. Migration patterns have caused these conditions to be seen all around the world, not only in developing countries. Many of these diseases have a different presentation in childhood, which changes the diagnostic approach and management options. In this article, we review some of the most common tropical mycobacterial, protozoan, parasitic, and viral dermatologic conditions in children, including their epidemiologic, clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects.
Assuntos
Controle de Doenças Transmissíveis , Doenças Endêmicas/estatística & dados numéricos , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/epidemiologia , Clima Tropical , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Países em Desenvolvimento , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Hanseníase/diagnóstico , Hanseníase/epidemiologia , Hanseníase/terapia , Masculino , Prevalência , Medição de Risco , Dermatopatias Bacterianas/terapia , Dermatopatias Infecciosas/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias Infecciosas/epidemiologia , Dermatopatias Infecciosas/terapia , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/terapia , Tuberculose Cutânea/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Cutânea/epidemiologia , Tuberculose Cutânea/terapiaRESUMO
La demodicosis es una patología cutánea crónica caracterizada por lesiones eritemato-maculares pruriginosas, cuyo agente causal son ácaros foliculares del género Demodex. Presenta un abanico amplio y polimorfo de manifestaciones clínicas, donde la sospecha clínica se presentará frente a una erupción facial crónica persistente o recurrente, resistente a terapia convencional y de distribución asimétrica. El diagnóstico definitivo es difícil, y requiere un cuadro clínico compatible y la presencia de alta densidad de Demodex. El siguiente documento hace una revisión de conceptos con respecto a la patogenia, clínica, diagnóstico y tratamiento de esta entidad.
Demodicosis is a chronic skin condition characterized by itchy erythematous macular lesions whose causal agents are gender follicular Demodex mites. This entity presents a wide and polymorphous range of clinical manifestations, in which clinical suspicion appears in case of persistent or recurrent chronic facial rash, resistant to conventional therapy and with an asymmetric distribution. The definitive diagnosis is hard to reach, and requires a compatible clinical picture and a high density of Demodex. The following document is a review of concepts regarding pathogenesis, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/patologia , Eritema/patologia , Infestações por Ácaros/patologia , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/terapia , Doença Crônica , Eritema/terapia , Foliculite/parasitologia , Infestações por Ácaros/diagnóstico , Infestações por Ácaros/terapia , Ácaros/parasitologiaRESUMO
Background: Feline demodicosis is considered an uncommon dermatopathy in cats that is mainly caused by the mite Demodex cati, but in few cases D. gatoi may be involved. Although the clinical aspects and pathogeny of feline demodicosis are not completely understood, its clinical expression is believed to be associated with the presence of primary immunosuppressive agents. Thus, the aim of this study is to report the diagnosis and treatment of an infested cat by D. cati, associated with mixed intestinal parasitic infection.Case: An approximately 1-year-old male short hair cat which was grown in a rural area was presented at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Pampa (Unipampa) in Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul. The cat had alopecia, itching, excoriations on neck and head, and softened feces as clinical signs. Performed skin scrapings revealed eggs, larvae and adult forms of D. cati. In order to find possible immunosuppressive agents, exams for detection of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) were also performed. They revealed, however, negative results for FIV and FeLV infections. Moreover, coproparasitologic analysis revealed the presence of the intestinal parasites Trichuris sp., Ancylostoma sp., and Spirometra mansonoides. Thus, it was decided to proceed the treatment utilizing 0.2 mg/kg of moxidectin subcutaneously every four [...](AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/terapia , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/veterinária , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Doenças Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Doenças Parasitárias/terapia , Terapia de Imunossupressão/veterináriaRESUMO
Background: Feline demodicosis is considered an uncommon dermatopathy in cats that is mainly caused by the mite Demodex cati, but in few cases D. gatoi may be involved. Although the clinical aspects and pathogeny of feline demodicosis are not completely understood, its clinical expression is believed to be associated with the presence of primary immunosuppressive agents. Thus, the aim of this study is to report the diagnosis and treatment of an infested cat by D. cati, associated with mixed intestinal parasitic infection.Case: An approximately 1-year-old male short hair cat which was grown in a rural area was presented at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Pampa (Unipampa) in Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul. The cat had alopecia, itching, excoriations on neck and head, and softened feces as clinical signs. Performed skin scrapings revealed eggs, larvae and adult forms of D. cati. In order to find possible immunosuppressive agents, exams for detection of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV) were also performed. They revealed, however, negative results for FIV and FeLV infections. Moreover, coproparasitologic analysis revealed the presence of the intestinal parasites Trichuris sp., Ancylostoma sp., and Spirometra mansonoides. Thus, it was decided to proceed the treatment utilizing 0.2 mg/kg of moxidectin subcutaneously every four [...]
Assuntos
Animais , Gatos , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/terapia , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/veterinária , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Doenças Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Doenças Parasitárias/terapia , Terapia de Imunossupressão/veterináriaRESUMO
In the 21st century, despite increased globalization through international travel for business, medical volunteerism, pleasure, and immigration/refugees into the United States, there is little published in the dermatology literature regarding the cutaneous manifestations of helminth infections. Approximately 17% of travelers seek medical care because of cutaneous disorders, many related to infectious etiologies. This review will focus on the cutaneous manifestations of helminth infections and is divided into 2 parts: part I focuses on nematode infections, and part II focuses on trematode and cestode infections. This review highlights the clinical manifestations, transmission, diagnosis, and treatment of helminth infections. Nematodes are roundworms that cause diseases with cutaneous manifestations, such as cutaneous larval migrans, onchocerciasis, filariasis, gnathostomiasis, loiasis, dracunculiasis, strongyloidiasis, ascariasis, streptocerciasis, dirofilariasis, and trichinosis. Tremadotes, also known as flukes, cause schistosomiasis, paragonimiasis, and fascioliasis. Cestodes (tapeworms) are flat, hermaphroditic parasites that cause diseases such as sparganosis, cysticercosis, and echinococcus.
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Antinematódeos/uso terapêutico , Nematoides/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Nematoides/diagnóstico , Infecções por Nematoides/epidemiologia , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/epidemiologia , Animais , Biópsia por Agulha , Progressão da Doença , Doenças Endêmicas , Feminino , Helmintíase/diagnóstico , Helmintíase/tratamento farmacológico , Helmintíase/epidemiologia , Helmintos/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Incidência , Masculino , Infecções por Nematoides/tratamento farmacológico , Prognóstico , Medição de Risco , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/terapia , Resultado do Tratamento , Clima TropicalRESUMO
Animal bites can cause skin lesions that suggest other conditions, and therefore diagnosis can be a challenge. Four cases of skin injuries caused by arthropods are presented below.
Assuntos
Mordeduras e Picadas/complicações , Sarcoptes scabiei , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/etiologia , Tunga , Adolescente , Animais , Mordeduras e Picadas/terapia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Prognóstico , Medição de Risco , Estudos de Amostragem , Dermatopatias/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias/etiologia , Dermatopatias/terapia , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/terapia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The potential value of multimedia programs as an accessory instrument for medical education has already been demonstrated in several areas. However, most of them lack adequate validation. The authors proposed this study in order to develop and evaluate a computer multimedia program, aiming at providing a more attractive and state of the art learning tool in dermatology. METHODS: The cybertutor was developed containing clinical cases, self-education classes, and short video presentations. In order to evaluate its impact, 50 undergraduate students attending the third year of Medical School at UFRGS were randomized into two groups: group 1 was submitted to a multimedia program on a specific dermatological subject - parasite infestations, and group 2 to standard classes on the same subject. Both classes were taught by an experienced teacher, on the same subject and at the same time. In the end, the level of knowledge acquisition for the two groups was evaluated by a multiple choice test. RESULTS: The average of correct answers was 11.16 (SD = 1.625) in group 1 and 11.96 (SD = 1.645) in group 2. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups (P = 0.09). The majority (80%) of the students who attended the cybertutor group showed interest in taking part in similar activities. CONCLUSIONS: According to this study, multimedia programs may be used for undergraduate education in Dermatology as a complementary educational tool. Contact with an instructor is still considered to be important and should be offered simultaneously.
Assuntos
Instrução por Computador/métodos , Dermatologia/educação , Educação de Graduação em Medicina/métodos , Multimídia , Dermatopatias Parasitárias/terapia , Currículo , Humanos , Estudos Prospectivos , Autoeficácia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Although many tropical insects carry infectious diseases, cutaneous injury can occur by other mechanisms, for example erucism (envenomation by caterpillars) or lepidopterism (dermatitis from moths). Pararama is a unique form of erucism seen in workers in contact with rubber trees in the Amazon, and it is caused by Premolis larvae, resulting in progressive periarticular fibrosis, ankylosis, and the loss of articulation. Ants and aquatic insects of the Belostomatidae family can cause painful bites and stings. Anaphylactic shock and death can result from the venom of bees and wasps. Beetles can cause vesicular dermatitis via cantharidin or paederin. Myiasis results from fly larvae (maggots) feeding on live or necrotic tissue of humans or other hosts, while New World screwworm fly larvae feed only on living tissue and burrow (ie, screw) more deeply when attempts are made to remove them. Tungiasis is characterized by very pruritic and painful papules and ulcers resulting from a Tunga flea penetrating the host's skin. Dermatologists should be able to diagnose and treat the cutaneous manifestations of these tropical insects and educate their patients on prevention.