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In 1939, directly after the worst earthquake in the country's history, the Chilean state began implementing an electrification program. This plan shaped energy goals for years to come and defined the interconnected grid that dominates the country's energy infrastructure today. Based on extensive archival work, this article describes the birth of energopolitics in the country, using technology sociologist Michel Callon's notion of "interessement" to describe the strategies of a group of engineers who acted as system builders. Their four main strategies were embracing technological futurisms, forging heterogeneous networks, articulating and mobilizing knowledge, and using crises as windows of opportunity for change. The article shows not only the historical impact of past energy choices on today's world but also that current challenges to energy transitions are not without precedent. Using a sociological framework to tell this story allows us to highlight the mechanisms through which energy systems can change.

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This is the first study to produce a reliable valid measure of the symptoms of Posttraumatic Stress Disorders (PTSD) in Mexico, which has a high incidence of disasters, and has not had a measurement of PTSD frequency in the population. The objective was to analyze the prevalence of PTSD symptoms in persons who experienced the 2017 earthquakes in Mexico. A probabilistic sample of 1539 participants from Mexico City, the State of Mexico, Chiapas, Puebla, Morelos and Oaxaca during November and December of 2017 was screened using the Davidson Trauma Scale (DTS) for symptoms of post-traumatic stress. The prevalence of PTSD symptoms was 34.6%, with greater effects on the inhabitants of Oaxaca, Morelos and Puebla, women, indigenous people and people who experienced damage to their homes (p = 0.001). The DTS had a moderate negative correlation with the RS-14 and a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.957. The confirmatory factor analysis generated four factors that explain 50% of the variance, compatible with a Dysphoria model. We can conclude that one in three people exposed to earthquakes had symptoms of post-traumatic stress.

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The central part of Jalisco, Mexico, has experienced low-magnitude earthquake sequences and swarms. Although the effects of these earthquakes have been limited to relatively small areas, the earthquakes have caused general alarm among the population and, in some cases, have been catastrophic. These earthquake swarms are significant because they affect the most populous area of the state, including the capital city of Guadalajara. An extraordinary example is an earthquake swarm that started on 8 May 1912 and lasted until September of that year. The region remained seismically quiescent until May 2012, when seismic activity resumed, lasting to the present. We analyze the recent seismic activity, starting with the earthquake of 18 May 2012 (03:07 UT) at the western edge of Lake Chapala and ending with the magnitude 4.2 earthquake on 3 November 2016. Our analysis includes eight earthquakes with magnitudes between 3.5 and 4.8, the revision of hypocenter locations, and the determination of focal mechanism solutions using the inversion of the moment tensor method. When possible, inversion solutions are compared with solutions obtained with the first arrival polarity method. We compare our results for the recent seismicity with the distribution of reported damage associated with historical earthquakes. Our work indicates a N-S trending seismic source zone and an orientation of nodal planes that suggests reactivation of preexisting local faults induced by the interaction of the western border of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt with the eastern border of the Jalisco Block.

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The San Juan Bautista School of Medicine (SJBSM) is located in Caguas, Puerto Rico. On September 20, 2017, Hurricane Maria hit the island, making landfall as a Category 4 storm. The extreme wind force and rainfall caused extensive power outages and other damage. In this Invited Commentary, the authors discuss SJBSM's actions and lessons learned in the aftermath of Hurricane Maria.By September 25, SJBSM had contacted students to ensure their safety and identify their immediate needs. The medical school's primary goal was to restore services as expeditiously as possible. By October 9, SJBSM had reopened and adjusted its offerings and practices to accommodate students' needs. The medical school worked to support students' emotional and physical well-being as well as meet their academic needs. First- and second-year students who could not be present received recorded lectures, study guides, assessments, and other materials electronically or via hard copy. Third- and fourth-year students were authorized to complete a single clerkship rotation at another medical school in the United States. During this time, SJBSM consulted with the Association of American Medical Colleges, the Liaison Committee on Medical Education, and other academic agencies. These groups offered advice on how to proceed given the hardships the medical school faced.Since then, SJBSM has applied lessons learned from Hurricane Maria and taken measures to ensure that it can meet the needs of faculty, staff, and students in the immediate aftermath of future disasters.

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At a storefront museum approximately 25 miles southeast of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, a sign reads, "Clean Air Started Here." This is not hyperbole. At the end of October 1948, the communities of Donora and Webster in Pennsylvania were visited by a smog that changed the face of environmental protection in the United States. Conservative estimates showed that 20 individuals died, while an additional 5900-43% of the population of Donora-were affected by the smog. This event led to the first large-scale epidemiological investigation of an environmental health disaster in the United States. Questions remain about the long-term effects of the smog, because higher rates of cardiovascular disease and cancer than were expected were observed in the region in the decade following the smog. Recent work has suggested that environmental contaminants from a bygone era in Donora might have an impact even today. In addition, reports regarding air pollution have indicated that levels of pollutants similar to those estimated to have occurred in Donora are currently present in some rapidly industrializing regions of China and India. Seventy years after the smog, this event still resonates.

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O Boletim Epidemiológico resumido constitui um instrumento de informação objetivo, com dados sobre a mortalidade e a incidência cumulativa de transtornos de saúde sofridos pelos radioacidentados dos grupos I e II e seus filhos, desde o acidente radiológico, ocorrido em 27 de setembro de 1987, até 31 de julho de 2017, perfazendo quase 30 anos. Para o grupo III, as informações são relativas ao período de cinco anos, de agosto de 2012 a julho de 2017. Também há uma descrição dos atendimentos prestados pela Superintendência Leide das Neves (SULEIDE) e pelo Centro de Assistência aos Radioacidentados (CARA), por especialidade, desde 2008.

The summary Epidemiological Bulletin is an objective information tool, with data on mortality and the cumulative incidence of health disorders suffered by radio accident victims in groups I and II and their children, since the radiological accident, which occurred on September 27, 1987, until July 31, 2017, making it almost 30 years old. For group III, the information is related to the five-year period, from August 2012 to July 2017. There is also a description of the services provided by the Leide das Neves Superintendence (SULEIDE) and by the Assistance Center for Radio Injuries (CARA), by specialty, since 2008.

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Apresenta uma compilação de reportagens e registros fotográficos referente ao acidente com Césio 137, ocorrido na cidade de Goiânia-Go, Brasil, desde o ano de 1987,ano de ocorrência do acidente até o ano de 2017, ano em que o acidente completa 30 anos, com o objetivo de relembrar a história, homenagear as vítimas e os diversos profissionais que atuaram na época e os que atuam no presente na assistência aos radio acidentados.

Presents a compilation of reports and photographic records related to the accident with Cesium 137, which occurred in the city of Goiânia-Go, Brazil, from 1987, year of the accident until 2017, the year in which the accident turns 30 , in order to remember the history, to honor the victims and the various professionals who worked at the time and those who act in the present in the assistance to the injured radio.

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