RESUMO
El control obstétrico de las pacientes y sus implicaciones donde se detalla el historial clínico, estudios cervicovaginal para detectar el estadio clínico de la infección por VIH. Esta guía contiene los pasos para el diagnóstico y tratamiento del SIDA en la mujer embarazada. Aunque es importante mencionar el bajo peso en pacientes infectadas, los tratamientos antirretrovirales permiten una mejoría y expectativas en pacientes infectadas por el VIH.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/transmissão , Desenvolvimento Embrionário e Fetal/genética , Doenças do Sistema Imunitário/sangue , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/prevenção & controle , HIV/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Gravidez de Alto Risco/imunologia , Infecções Transmitidas por SangueRESUMO
El embarazo asociado a hiperglucemia es en nuestra población uno de los factores de riesgo más importantes, así también en la morbi-mortalidad pre y perinatal. La diabetes incluye dos grandes grupos bien conocidos Tipo I insulinodependiente y Tipo II no insulinodependiente, es necesario aclarar que es vital el control permanente del embarazo en pacientes diabéticas. Nuestro trabajo descriptivo y prospectivo se realizó con el estudio anátomo patológico de 120 placentas en pacientes diabéticas confirmadas distribuidas en grupos: Tipo I, Tipo II y Gestacional. Todas fueron atendidas en consultas prenatales y partos en el Hospital Materno Provincial "Felipe Lucini" de la Ciudad de Córdoba, el estudio se realizó en el Servicio de Patología de la Institución, incluyó macroscopia y microscopia; las placentas fueron coloreadas con H/E, PAS y Masson, y los hallazgos fueron relacionados con la clínica y la bibliografía. De los resultados obtenidos concluimos que en las embarazadas estudiadas en nuestro hospital existen diferencias significativas similares a las encontradas en la literatura. Especialmente en lo referido a edad y tipo de diabetes. Se evidenció que excepto en la diabetes I, se manifestaron similitudes en lo referido al avance de cambios coincidentes con tendencia a la cronicidad. En la gestacional hubo mayor incidencia de macrosomía. Nuestros resultados fueron coincidentes en pacientes mal controladas prenatalmente y en disbalance metabólico. Finalmente las alteraciones patológicas placentarias se encontraron en los tres grupos con variación de intensidades. Cabe concluir que no existen lesiones anátomo-patológicas específicas patognomónicas de Diabetes en las placentas de nuestra casuística...
Assuntos
Humanos , Gravidez , Recém-Nascido , Desenvolvimento Embrionário e Fetal/genética , Diabetes Mellitus/terapia , Recém-Nascido , Assistência Perinatal , Gravidez em DiabéticasRESUMO
This study was carried out to investigate the morphological development of the tongue in the foetal and prepubertal stages of Red Sokoto goats by light microscopy. In foetuses of about 50 days, the tongue tissues showed thickening of the epithelium into about 2-3 layers of cells. In fetuses of about 65 days, mesenchymal tissue was observed under the epithelium.Rudiments of some papillae were observed at this time. Collagenous fibre and blood vessels were scant in the lamina propria. In the 80-day-old foetuses, their was further differentiation of the epithelium rudiments into some papillae and this continued to mature until in foetuses of about 90 and 110 days, were early rudiments of taste buds were observed. Evidence of keratinization was apparent in the prepubertal stages.
El objetivo de este estudio fue investigar el desarrollo morfológico de la lengua en las etapas fetal y prepuberal de la cabra roj a de Sokoto por microscopía de luz. En los fetos de alrededor de 50 días, los tejidos linguales mostraron un engrosamiento del epitelio en cerca de 2-3 capas de células. En los fetos de alrededor de 65 días, se observó tejido mesenquimático bajo el epitelio. Rudimentos de algunas papilas se observaron en esta etapa. Fibras colágenas y vasos sanguíneos fueron observados de manera escasa en la lámina propria. En los 80 días de edad fetal, se observó la mayor diferenciación del epitelio con algunos rudimentos de papilas, lo que continuó hasta la maduración de los fetos, alrededor de los 90 y 110 días, donde fueron observados de manera temprana rudimentos de botones gustativos. Evidencia de queratinización fue evidente en las etapas prepuberales.
Assuntos
Animais , Papilas Gustativas/anatomia & histologia , Papilas Gustativas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Papilas Gustativas/embriologia , Papilas Gustativas , Papilas Gustativas/ultraestrutura , Cabras/anatomia & histologia , Cabras/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Cabras/embriologia , Desenvolvimento Embrionário e Fetal/genética , Microscopia de Polarização , Microscopia de Polarização/veterináriaRESUMO
INTRODUCCIÓN: Considerando que la diabetes mellitus y sus complicaciones constituyen la tercera causa de muerte en los países industrializados,tendencia en crecimiento continuo(30) , que la diabetes gestacional aumenta el riesgo de diversas complicaciones obstétricas (sufrimiento fetal, macrosomía(36), (suerte intrauterina y problemas neonatales,etc. (24)), que éstas pacientes tienen un riesgo aumentado de morbimortalidad fetal y que probablemente el 60 por ciento de las mismas desarrollarán diabetes en los siguientes 15 años después del parto(28),, en el presente trabajo se analiza las subpoblaciones linfocitarias (CD4 y CD8) como método contribuyente en la detección de diabetes gestacional, y como una herramienta del diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento de los casos, tendiendo a hacer prevenciones sobre el sistema inmunológico. OBJETIVOS de la INVESTIGACIÓN: 1)Detectar variaciones en la subpoblación linfocitaria CD4 y CD8 en pacientes embarazadas, analizando su comportamiento durante el embarazo.2)Evaluar al embarazo como un estado precursor de una futura diabética
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Desenvolvimento Embrionário e Fetal/genética , Diabetes Gestacional/diagnóstico , Diabetes Gestacional/prevenção & controle , Diabetes Gestacional/terapia , Gravidez em DiabéticasRESUMO
The establishment of dorsal-ventral polarity in Drosophila is a complex process which involves the action of maternal and zygotically expressed genes. Interspecific differences in the expression pattern of some of these genes have been described in other species. Here we present the expression of dorsal-ventral genes during early embryogenesis in the lower dipteran Rhynchosciara americana. The expression of four genes, the ventralizing genes snail (sna) and twist (twi) and the dorsalizing genes decapentaplegic (dpp) and zerknüllt (zen), was investigated by whole-mount in situ hybridization. Sense and antisense mRNA were transcribed in vitro using UTP-digoxigenin and hybridized at 55°C with dechorionated fixed embryos. Staining was obtained with anti-digoxigenin alkaline phosphatase-conjugated antibody revealed with NBT-BCIP solution. The results showed that, in general, the spatial-temporal expression of R. americana dorsal-ventral genes is similar to that observed in Drosophila, where twi and sna are restricted to the ventral region, while dpp and zen are expressed in the dorsal side. The differences encountered were subtle and probably represent a particular aspect of dorsal-ventral axis determination in R. americana. In this lower dipteran sna is expressed slightly later than twi and dpp expression is expanded over the lateral ectoderm during cellular blastoderm stage. These data suggest that the establishment of dorsal-ventral polarity in R. americana embryos follows a program similar to that observed in Drosophila melanogaster.
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Padronização Corporal/genética , Sistema Nervoso Central/embriologia , Dípteros/embriologia , Desenvolvimento Embrionário e Fetal/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento/genética , Genes de Insetos/genética , Dípteros/genética , Embrião não Mamífero/embriologia , Hibridização In Situ , RNA Mensageiro/genéticaRESUMO
The ultimate goal of in vitro embryo culture systems is to perfectly mimic the condition of oocyte maturation, fertilization and embryo development. These systems are far more complex than standard in vitro cell culture because of the various environments through which the gametes and embryos pass during in vivo development. Improvement of the medium and other culture conditions has allowed for full development of a percentage of the fertilized oocytes but the great majority of bovine zygotes stop developing within a few cell cycles after initiating cleavage. This developmental block arises in the bovine embryo at the eight-cell-stage and is likely correlated with the cytoplasmic quality of the oocyte. Oocytes harbor all mRNAs and proteins needed to reach the fourth or fifth cell cycle, however, embryos that fail to transcribe their own genome fail to further develop. In this article, we review some of the advances in developmental block knowledge and describe a possible role of active embryo transcription that drives incompetent embryos to block and death.
Assuntos
Bovinos/embriologia , Desenvolvimento Embrionário e Fetal/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Animais , Técnicas de Cultura , Citoplasma/química , Embrião de Mamíferos/química , Embrião de Mamíferos/metabolismo , Genes , RNA Mensageiro/análise , Transcrição GênicaRESUMO
No presente texto os autores revisam os fatores que determinam e influenciam o crescimento fetal, assim como os métodos para sua avaliação, sem, no entanto pretender esgotar o assunto
Assuntos
Humanos , Gravidez , Desenvolvimento Embrionário e Fetal/genética , Macrossomia Fetal , Gêmeos Dizigóticos/genética , Gêmeos Monozigóticos/genética , InsulinaRESUMO
Recent evidence suggests that several processes during mammalian embryogenesis may be regulated by IFNs or IFN-like molecules. With the use of MAPPing, the simultaneous presence of transcripts homologous to IFN-alpha, IFN-beta, IRF-1, and IRF-2 was examined in mouse embryos and in embryonal carcinoma (EC) P19 cells, which are equivalent to epiblast cells of the early postimplantation blastocysts. Transcripts for IFN-alpha, but not for IFN-beta, were detected as maternal transcripts in the ovulated oocyte and persisted over early embryogenesis. IRF-1 transcripts appeared only after the first cell cleavage in the two-cell stage embryo. IRF-2 transcripts were analyzed only in EC P19 cells and were found in both undifferentiated (D-) and differentiated (D+) cells. The IFN-alpha transcripts present in (D-) P19 cells were cloned and the partial cDNA sequences determined. Mu IFN-alpha A and a new Mu IFN-alpha species (Mu IFN-alpha 12) were isolated from (D-) P19 cells. The presence of constitutive IFN-alpha transcripts in early mouse embryos suggests a role for these molecules during embryogenesis.
Assuntos
Embrião de Mamíferos/metabolismo , Desenvolvimento Embrionário e Fetal/genética , Regulação da Expressão Gênica no Desenvolvimento , Interferon-alfa/biossíntese , Interferon beta/biossíntese , Animais , Sequência de Bases , Clonagem Molecular , Desenvolvimento Embrionário e Fetal/fisiologia , Feminino , Interferon-alfa/genética , Interferon beta/genética , Camundongos , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Gravidez , Alinhamento de Sequência , Fatores de Transcrição/biossíntese , Fatores de Transcrição/genética , Células Tumorais CultivadasRESUMO
During the last few years, the regionalization of the rostral-caudal axis has been extensively studied through treatments with RA and genetic manipulations of Hox-C genes. RA shifts several Hox expression boundaries rostrally, deletes anterior rhombomeres but expands the caudal ones, and induces homeotic transformations in the vertebral column. These phenotypes indicate that retinoids may act in a graded fashion in the A-P axis, with maximum activity caudally. This excludes forebrain and midbrain, which apparently depend on neither Hox-C genes nor RA modulations, at least during early development. The phenotypes resulting from ectopic overexpression and loss of function of Hox genes described so far show homeotic transformations in paraxial mesoderm derivatives but not in the neurectoderm. An explanation for this discrepancy implies that the paraxial mesoderm may be already segmented in molecular terms at the time of Hox activation. Conversely, the activation of a distinct Hox-code without a previous "molecular segmentation" may specify rhombomeres with their own boundaries. This would explain why RA expands but does not duplicate the postotic rhombomeres. Finally, the atavistic transformations obtained by overexpressing Hox genes in the wrong place suggest that evolution might be introducing modifications within Hox regulatory regions. Thus, changes in their expression domains could sustain phylogenetic requirements.