RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Seasonal environment at birth may influence diabetes incidence in later life. We sought evidence for this effect and analyzed the association between the month of birth and the risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). METHODS: This was a cohort study carried out with 814 patients diagnosed with T1DM in the region of Bauru - São Paulo State, Brazil, receiving medical care in a private Endocrinology clinic or in the public Brazilian National Health Care System, from 1981 to 2021. All live births that occurred in São Paulo State between 1974 and 2020 were classified by month of birth and were considered as the control group. RESULTS: We found no statistically significant difference (χ2=16.31, critical 19.68) between the month of birth and risk of developing T1DM, when comparing our patients with the background population of the region. There was no association between the month of birth, sex, age at diagnosis, duration of symptoms before diagnosis, self-reported color, and socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS: We found no association between month of birth and the risk of developing T1DM in this highly admixed South American population. Our data suggest that our population heterogeneity and geographic location may be important factors in the development of T1DM. Future prospective studies, evaluating environmental factors that may confer risk or protection to the disease, are warranted.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/etiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Classe SocialRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Evidence supports the efficacy and safety of the Hybrid Close loop (HCL) system in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, limited data are available on the long-term outcomes of patients on HCL with telemedicine follow-up. METHODS: A prospective observational cohort study including T1D patients, who were upgrading to HCL system. Virtual training and follow-up were done through telemedicine. CGM data were analyzed to compare the baseline time in range (TIR), time below range (TBR), glycemic variability and auto mode (AM), with measurements performed at 3, 6 and 12 months. RESULTS: 134 patients were included with baseline A1c 7.6% ± 1.1. 40.5% had a severe hypoglycemia event in the last year. Baseline TIR, measured two weeks after starting AM was 78.6 ± 9.94%. No changes were evident at three (Mean difference - 0.15;CI-2.47,2.17;p = 0.96), six (MD-1.09;CI-3.42,1.24;p = 0.12) and 12 months (MD-1.30;CI-3.64,1.04;p = 0.08). No significant changes were found in TBR or glycemic variability throughout the follow-up. Use of AM was 85.6 ± 17.5% and percentage of use of sensor was 88.75 ± 9.5% at 12 months. No severe hypoglycemic (SH) events were reported. CONCLUSIONS: HCL systems allow to improve TIR, TBR and glycemic variability safely, early and sustained up to 1 year of follow-up in patients with T1D and high risk of hypoglycemia followed through telemedicine.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Hipoglicemia , Telemedicina , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/etiologia , Insulina/uso terapêutico , Glicemia , Estudos Prospectivos , Sistemas de Infusão de Insulina/efeitos adversos , Hipoglicemiantes/uso terapêutico , Hipoglicemia/etiologia , Hipoglicemia/induzido quimicamente , Automonitorização da GlicemiaRESUMO
Introducción: La diabetes mellitus tipo 1 es una enfermedad autoinmunitaria que se relaciona con alteraciones tiroideas. Objetivo: Describir la relación que existe entre diabetes mellitus tipo 1 y enfermedad tiroidea autoinmune. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión de la literatura nacional e internacional de los últimos 15 años en bases de datos, en español y en inglés. Se utilizaron las siguientes palabras clave: diabetes mellitus tipo 1, autoinmunidad, enfermad tiroidea autoinmune, disfunción tiroidea y anticuerpos antitiroideos. Análisis e integración de la información: La alteración más frecuente es el hipotiroidismo subclínico y se presenta con mayor frecuencia en el sexo femenino, por lo que se sugiere realizar periódicamente el perfil tiroideo a estos pacientes. Conclusiones: Se debe tener en cuenta en la práctica clínica estas implicaciones para brindar un tratamiento oportuno, mejorar complicaciones derivadas como las enfermedades cardiovasculares y disminuir las cifras de morbilidad y mortalidad(AU)
Introduction: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disease that is related to thyroid abnormalities. Objective: Describe the relationship between type 1 diabetes mellitus and autoimmune thyroid disease. Methods: A review of the national and international literature of the last 15 years was carried out in databases, in Spanish and in English. The following keywords were used: type 1 diabetes mellitus, autoimmune, autoimmune thyroid disease, thyroid dysfunction and antithyroid antibodies. Analysis and integration of information: The most common alteration is subclinical hypothyroidism and it occurs most often in the female sex, so it is suggested to periodically perform the thyroid profile to these patients. Conclusions: These implications should be taken into account in clinical practice to provide timely treatment, improve complications such as cardiovascular disease and reduce morbidity and mortality figures(AU)
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Humanos , Doenças da Glândula Tireoide/terapia , Tireoidite Autoimune , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/etiologia , Literatura de Revisão como AssuntoRESUMO
Reversion of islet autoimmunity (IA) may point to mechanisms that prevent IA progression. We followed 199 individuals who developed IA during the Diabetes Autoimmunity Study in the Young. Untargeted metabolomics was performed in serum samples following IA. Cox proportional hazards models were used to test whether the metabolites (2,487) predicted IA reversion: two or more consecutive visits negative for all autoantibodies. We conducted a principal components analysis (PCA) of the top metabolites; |hazard ratio (HR) >1.25| and nominal P < 0.01. Phosphatidylcholine (16:0_18:1(9Z)) was the strongest individual metabolite (HR per 1 SD 2.16, false discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted P = 0.0037). Enrichment analysis identified four clusters (FDR P < 0.10) characterized by an overabundance of sphingomyelin (d40:0), phosphatidylcholine (16:0_18:1(9Z)), phosphatidylcholine (30:0), and l-decanoylcarnitine. Overall, 63 metabolites met the criteria for inclusion in the PCA. PC1 (HR 1.4, P < 0.0001), PC2 (HR 0.85, P = 0.0185), and PC4 (HR 1.28, P = 0.0103) were associated with IA reversion. Given the potential influence of diet on the metabolome, we investigated whether nutrients were correlated with PCs. We identified 20 nutrients that were correlated with the PCs (P < 0.05). Total sugar intake was the top nutrient. Overall, we identified an association between phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin, and carnitine levels and reversion of IA.
Assuntos
Autoimunidade , Ilhotas Pancreáticas/imunologia , Fosfolipídeos/sangue , Soroconversão , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/etiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Metabolômica , Modelos de Riscos ProporcionaisRESUMO
RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar las características morfológicas del epitelio, el estroma y el endotelio corneal, así como la densidad celular de este último mediante el empleo de la microscopia confocal de la córnea en pacientes diabéticos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, comparativo, en 90 ojos; 60 de ellos pertenecientes a pacientes diabéticos (30 tipo 1 y 30 tipo 2) y 30 ojos a pacientes supuestamente sanos. El estudio se realizó en el Instituto Cubano de Oftalmología "Ramón Pando Ferrer" entre enero del año 2012 y enero de 2017. Resultados: Predominó el sexo masculino con 66,7 por ciento en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1; el sexo femenino en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (60 por ciento) y aparentemente sanos (56,7 por ciento). En los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 1 fueron más frecuentes las edades entre 45 y 54 años (33,3 por ciento) y entre 55 y 66 años en los pacientes con diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y aparentemente sanos con 60 y 40 por ciento respectivamente. La morfología del epitelio y el estroma corneal fue normal en el 86,7 y 87,3 por ciento respectivamente. Predominaron las alteraciones de la morfología endotelial en pacientes diabéticos tipo 1 (73,3 por ciento), así como el polimegatismo y el pleomorfismo (73,3 y 56,7 por ciento respectivamente) y la densidad celular más baja (2 222,76 células /mm2). Conclusiones: La ausencia de alteraciones morfológicas del epitelio y el estroma corneal y la presencia de polimegatismo y de pleomorfismo fueron los hallazgos más frecuentes(AU)
ABSTRACT Objective: Identify the morphological characteristics of the corneal epithelium, stroma and endothelium, as well as the cell density of the endothelium by means of confocal microscopy of the cornea in diabetic patients. Methods: A descriptive comparative study was conducted of 90 eyes: 60 from diabetic patients (30 type 1 and 30 type 2) and 30 from supposedly healthy patients, at Ramón Pando Ferrer Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from January 2012 to January 2017. Results: A predominance was found of the male sex (66.7 percent) among patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and of the female sex among patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (60 percent) and seemingly healthy patients (56.7 percent). The most common age ranges were 45-54 years for patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 (33.3 percent) and 55-66 years for patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (60 percent) and seemingly healthy patients (40 percent). Morphology of the corneal epithelium and stroma was normal in 86.7 percent and 87.3 percent, respectively. In type 1 diabetic patients there was a predominance of endothelial morphological alterations (73.3 percent), polymegethism and pleomorphism (73.3 percent and 56.7 percent, respectively) and the lowest cell density (2 222.76 cells /mm2). Conclusions: Absence of morphological alterations of the corneal epithelium and stroma, as well as the presence of polymegethism and pleomorphism were the most common findings(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Contagem de Células/métodos , Córnea/anormalidades , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/etiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/etiologia , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Microscopia Confocal/métodosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The typical factors precipitating diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) include infections (30%), cessation of antidiabetic medication (20%), and a new diagnosis of diabetes (25%). The etiology remains unknown in 25% of cases. Less frequent causes cited in the literature include severe thyrotoxicosis and, infrequently, pericarditis. Few publications have described the role of human T lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) in endocrine and metabolic disorders. Based on a clinical case associated with several endocrine and metabolic disorders, we suggest a potential role for HTLV-1, an endemic virus in the Amazonian area, and review the literature concerning the role of this virus in thyroiditis, pericarditis and diabetes mellitus. CASE REPORT: A fifty-year-old Surinamese woman without any medical history was admitted for diabetic ketoacidosis. No specific anti-pancreatic autoimmunity was observed, and the C-peptide level was low, indicating atypical type-1 diabetes mellitus. DKA was associated with thyrotoxicosis in the context of thyroiditis and complicated by nonbacterial pericarditis and a Staphylococcus aureus subcutaneous abscess. The patient was infected with HTLV-1. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this uncommon association is described for the first time. Few studies have analyzed the implications of HTLV-1 infection in thyroiditis and diabetes mellitus. We did not find any reports describing the association of pericarditis with HTLV-1 infection. Additional studies are necessary to understand the role of HTLV-1 in endocrine and cardiac disorders.
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Abscesso/etiologia , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/etiologia , Cetoacidose Diabética/etiologia , Pericardite/etiologia , Tireotoxicose/etiologia , Abscesso/imunologia , Abscesso/microbiologia , Doença Aguda , Infecções por Deltaretrovirus/virologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/terapia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/virologia , Cetoacidose Diabética/imunologia , Cetoacidose Diabética/terapia , Cetoacidose Diabética/virologia , Feminino , Vírus Linfotrópico T Tipo 1 Humano/isolamento & purificação , Humanos , Imunocompetência , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pericardite/virologia , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/etiologia , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/imunologia , Infecções Cutâneas Estafilocócicas/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/isolamento & purificação , Suriname , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/etiologia , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/imunologia , Síndrome de Resposta Inflamatória Sistêmica/virologia , Tireoidite/virologia , Tireotoxicose/virologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess indications of eating disorders in girls with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). STUDY DESIGN: In total 31 556 girls aged >6 months and <23 years of age with T1DM from the Diabetes Patienten Verlaufsdokumentation (DPV) cohort were analyzed including 155 (0.49%) girls with anorexia nervosa, 85 (0.27%) girls with bulimia nervosa, 45 (0.14%) girls with binge eating disorder, and 229 (0.73%) girls with eating disorders not otherwise specified. Patient characteristics, weight changes, numbers of patients with severe hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), changes of glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, use of pumps, and prevalence of celiac disease and autoimmune thyroiditis were compared between girls with and without eating disorders. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed. RESULTS: Eating disorders were significantly associated with late pubertal age, nonusage of pumps, no migration background, increased HbA1c levels, increased frequencies of DKA and severe hypoglycemia, and celiac disease were not related to eating disorders. Significant differences in HbA1c levels, prevalence of DKA and severe hypoglycemia between girls with and without eating disorders were already detectable in the first years after onset of T1DM. A decrease of body mass index (BMI)-SDS increased the risk for comorbid anorexia nervosa (7.1-fold [95% CI 3.6-14.3] compared with stable BMI-SDS, 6.9-fold [95%CI 3.4-14.1] compared with increase of BMI-SDS). CONCLUSIONS: Poor metabolic control and increased rates of DKA and severe hypoglycemia in the first years after manifestation of T1DM can be hints for eating disorders in girls with T1DM, and weight loss is specific for anorexia nervosa. These clinical features should lead to screening for eating disorders especially at a late pubertal age.
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Peso Corporal/fisiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/etiologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/complicações , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Sistema de Registros , Medição de Risco/métodos , Adolescente , Criança , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/epidemiologia , Transtornos da Alimentação e da Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Humanos , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
In a recent Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT)/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (EDIC) study report, mean HbA1c was the strongest predictor of cardiovascular disease (CVD) after age. In DCCT/EDIC, mean diabetes duration was 6 years (median 4) at baseline and those with high blood pressure or cholesterol were excluded. We now replicate these analyses in the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) prospective cohort study of childhood-onset (at <17 years of age) type 1 diabetes, with similar age (mean 27 years in both studies) but longer diabetes duration (mean 19 years and median 18 years) and no CVD risk factor exclusion at baseline. CVD incidence (CVD death, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, revascularization, angina, or ischemic electrocardiogram) was associated with diabetes duration, most recent albumin excretion rate (AER), updated mean triglycerides, baseline hypertension, baseline LDL cholesterol, and most recent HbA1c Major atherosclerotic cardiovascular events (CVD death, MI, or stroke) were associated with diabetes duration, most recent AER, baseline systolic blood pressure, baseline smoking, and updated mean HbA1c Compared with findings in DCCT/EDIC, traditional risk factors similarly predicted CVD; however AER predominates in EDC and HbA1c in DCCT/EDIC. Thus, the relative impact of HbA1c and kidney disease in type 1 diabetes varies according to diabetes duration.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/etiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/etiologia , Adolescente , Glicemia/metabolismo , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/metabolismo , Criança , Complicações do Diabetes/epidemiologia , Complicações do Diabetes/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/metabolismo , Feminino , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
La diabetes mellitus es un padecimiento conocido desde hace siglos; sin embargo, a fin del milenio el conocimiento de su etiología, historia natural y epidemiología es aún incompleto. Los estudios epidemiológicos sobre esta enfermedad y específicamente, de su tipo1 han tenido un gran impacto en la comunidad científica internacional(AU)
Diabetes mellitus is a condition known for centuries; however, at the end of the millennium the knowledge of its etiology, natural history and epidemiology is still incomplete. Epidemiological studies on this disease and specifically on type 1 have had a major impact in the international scientific community(AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/etiologia , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/epidemiologiaRESUMO
O Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 (DM1) é uma doença caracterizada pela destruição das células beta do pâncreas levando à deficiência absoluta da produção de insulina, podendo ser autoimune ou idiopática. Diversos fatores ambientais podem influenciar o desenvolvimento desta patologia, dentre eles incluem-se fatores externos como a nutrição, infecções virais, peso ao nascer, idade materna, crescimento infantil aumentado, estresse e condições socioeconômicas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi descrever as características bio-sociocomportamentais de indivíduos com Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 e a possíveis relações destas características com a ocorrência da patologia. Trata-se de um estudo observacional transversal com 399 indivíduos, sendo 202 com o diagnóstico de DM1 e 197 controles não diabéticos, pareados por sexo, idade e etnia, que responderam a um questionário com perguntas que versaram sobre informações bio-socioecomportamentais, nos intervalos das consultas médicas na Unidade Básica de Saúde Centro Dr. Alpheu de Vasconcelos Sampaio" e Hospital Estadual de Bauru Dr. Arnaldo Curvêllo. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o teste do qui-quadrado nas variáveis qualitativas nominais, o teste de Mann-Whitney nas variáveis qualitativas ordinais e o teste t nas variáveis quantitativas, o coeficiente de correlação de Spearman (variáveis qualitativas ordinais) e de Pearson (variáveis quantitativas) para verificar correlação entre variáveis. Adotou-se o nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05) em todos os testes estatístico. Os resultados mostraram que a renda familiar predominante é a de um a três salários mínimos, que o parto cesárea foi o mais evidente nos dois grupos. Com relação ao mês do diagnóstico, notou-se que ocorreu mais na estação de inverno, nos meses de junho e julho e evidenciou que a idade ao diagnóstico tem diminuído nos últimos anos. A infecção viral mais frequente foi a catapora. Quanto à doença periodontal, o estudo mostrou que a maioria desconhece que ela é...
Diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) is a disease characterized by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells leading to absolute deficiency of insulin production, may be autoimmune or idiopathic. Several environmental factors may influence the development of this pathology among them include external factors such as nutrition, viral infections, birth weight, maternal age, increased infant growth, stress and socioeconomic conditions. The objective of this study was to describe the bio-socio-behavioral characteristics of individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and the possible relationship of these characteristics with the occurrence of the disease. This is a cross-sectional observational study of 399 subjects, 202 diagnosed with type 1 diabetes and 197 nondiabetic controls matched for sex, age and ethnicity, who answered a questionnaire with questions that were about bio-socioecomportamentais information in ranges medical consultations in the Basic Health Unit Centre "Dr. Alpheu Sampaio de Vasconcelos "and Bauru State Hospital Dr. Arnaldo Curvello. Data analysis used the chi-square test in nominal qualitative variables, the Mann-Whitney test in the ordinal qualitative variables and the" t "in quantitative variables, Spearman's correlation coefficient (ordinal qualitative variables) and Pearson (quantitative variables) to check correlation between variables. We adopted the significance level of 5% (p <0.05) in all statistical tests. The results showed that the predominant family income is from one to three minimum wages, the cesarean delivery was most evident in both groups. Regarding the month of diagnosis, it was noticed that there was more in the winter season in the months of June and July and showed that the age at diagnosis has decreased in recent years. The most common viral infection was chickenpox. As for periodontal disease, the study showed that most are unaware that it is one of the complications of diabetes. It was found that normal vaginal delivery or...