RESUMO
The establishment of diatom communities depends on environmental factors such as the type of substrate and geographic conditions that influence the dispersal processes of these organisms. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the similarity between diatom communities associated with the macroalgae Prasiola crispa (Lightfoot) Kützing in relation to spatial distance from six sampled sites located in the South Shetland Islands, Maritime Antarctica. The diatom flora associated with Prasiola crispa was represented by 23 species distributed in 15 genera. Pinnularia australoschoenfelderi Zidarova, Kopalová & Van de Vijver, Luticola austroatlantica Van de Vijver, Kopalová, S.A.Spaulding & Esposito, Luticola amoena Van der Vijver, Kopalová, Zidarova & Levkov, Pinnularia austroshetlandica (Carlson) Cleve-Euler and Psammothidium papilio (D.E. Kellogg et al.) Kopalová & Zidarova were the most abundant species in our samples, together they represented 68% of the total number of individuals collected. There was great similarity and abundance of the diatom communites among the sampled points, which resulted in the absence of a linear relationship pattern with distance between sampling points. We conclude that distance was not a factor of differentiation of Antarctic diatom communities associated with terrestrial green macroalgae. This suggests that Antarctic environments may have unique characteristics with homogeneous abiotic factors, at least in relation to this substrate.
Assuntos
Diatomáceas/citologia , Alga Marinha/microbiologia , Regiões Antárticas , Demografia , Ecossistema , Ilhas , Densidade DemográficaRESUMO
The diatom genus Chaetoceros is one of the most abundant and diverse phytoplankton in marine and brackish waters worldwide. Within this genus, Chaetoceros socialis has been cited as one of the most common species. However, recent studies from different geographic areas have shown the presence of pseudo-cryptic diversity within the C. socialis complex. Members of this complex are characterized by curved chains (primary colonies) aggregating into globular clusters, where one of the four setae of each cell curves toward the center of the cluster and the other three orient outwards. New light and electron microscopy observations as well as molecular data on marine planktonic diatoms from the coastal waters off Chile revealed the presence of two new species, Chaetoceros sporotruncatus sp. nov. and C. dichatoensis. sp. nov. belonging to the C. socialis complex. The two new species are similar to other members of the complex (i.e., C. socialis and C. gelidus) in the primary and secondary structure of the colony, the orientation pattern of the setae, and the valve ultrastructure. The only morphological characters that can be used to differentiate the species of this complex are aspects related to resting spore morphology. The two newly described species are closely related to each other and form a sister clade to C. gelidus in molecular phylogenies. We also provide a phylogenetic status along with the morphological characterization of C. radicans and C. cintus, which are genetically related to the C. socialis complex.
Assuntos
Diatomáceas/classificação , Filogenia , Fitoplâncton/classificação , Chile , DNA de Algas/genética , Diatomáceas/citologia , Diatomáceas/genética , Diatomáceas/ultraestrutura , França , Itália , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Fitoplâncton/citologia , Fitoplâncton/genética , Fitoplâncton/ultraestrutura , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , RNA Ribossômico 28S/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Especificidade da EspécieRESUMO
Abstract The evaluation of abiotic and biotic variables can provide information for understanding the structure and function of lotic systems. To obtain this information, measurements of 15 chemical and physical variables and of phytoplankton were conducted at two sampling stations. The present study aims to evaluate the temporal and spatial variation of planktonic diatoms in terms of abiotic variables and the trophic level of the river water and to select diatom species as descriptors of the physical and chemical conditions of the water upstream (S1) and downstream (S2) of the Iguassu River over an annual cycle. Sampling station S1 was classified as oligotrophic to mesotrophic, and S2 was classified as ultra-oligotrophic to oligotrophic. A total of 98 diatom species distributed among 39 genera was recorded, showing no dominant species but 36 abundant species. Although the differences of chemical and physical variables between S1 and S2 were limited to greater turbulence and turbidity, processes triggered by heavy rainfall exerted a significant influence on community structure, and a temporal change in composition was observed. At the end of the dry period, due to the recovery of nutrients and high transparency, there was an abundance of Cocconeis placentula var. lineata. In the rainy period, with increased turbulence and turbidity processes resulting from higher rainfall, there was an abundance of Aulacoseira granulata var. granulata.(AU)
Resumo A avaliação das variáveis abióticas e bióticas pode prover informações para o entendimento da estrutura e do funcionamento dos sistemas lóticos. No intuito de obter tais informações, quinze variáveis físicas e químicas e o fitoplâncton foram analisadas em duas estações de amostragem. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a variação temporal e espacial das diatomáceas planctônicas em função das variáveis abióticas e do nível trófico da água do rio, e eleger populações descritoras das condições físicas e químicas da água a montante (S1) e a jusante (S2) das cataratas do rio Iguaçu, ao longo de um ciclo anual. A estação de amostragem S1 foi classificada como oligotrófica à mesotrófica e a S2, de ultraoligotrófica à oligotrófica. Um total de 98 espécies de diatomáceas distribuídas entre 39 gêneros foram registrados, não apresentando espécies dominantes, mas 36 espécies abundantes. Mesmo apresentando diferenças das variáveis químicas e físicas entre S1 e S2, apenas a maior turbulência e turbidez da água, processos desencadeados pela elevada pluviosidade, exerceram papel significativo na estruturação da comunidade, sendo observado mudança temporal na composição. No final do período seco, pela recuperação de nutrientes e pela elevada transparência, observou-se a abundância de Cocconeis placentula var. lineata. No período chuvoso, com maior turbulência e turbidez, processos decorrentes da maior pluviosidade, registrou-se a abundância de Aulacoseira granulata var. granulata.(AU)
Assuntos
Diatomáceas/citologia , Diatomáceas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Níveis Tróficos , NutrientesRESUMO
The species originally described from brackish waters of the Venetian Lagoon as Nitzschia persuadens is a diatom rarely cited in the literature since its proposition and it is here recorded for the first time in a freshwater environment in South America. Morphological features of this species, such valve slightly panduriform, with a longitudinal straight fold of the valve face, poroidal areolae, and strongly eccentric raphe system clearly assign this species to Tryblionella, and the transfer was made. Here we present new observations on the frustule morphology and comparisons with related species. Light and scanning electron microscopy data of Tryblionella persuadens comb. nov. from Cachoeira River, Northeastern Brazil are documented.
Assuntos
Diatomáceas/classificação , Brasil , Diatomáceas/citologia , Diatomáceas/ultraestrutura , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , RiosRESUMO
A new species of Triceratiaceae is described for estuarine environments of Southern Brazil. The valve of Triceratium moreirae sp. nov. is triangular with elevations bearing ocellus and a rimoportula in their basis. The valvar surface has robust pseudoloculi, circular to polygonal, each one confining a group of areolae arranged in a typical pattern. A central larger areola is surrounded by 5-8 smaller areolae, and they are poroidal with domed cribra. A septum emerges from the valvocopula, having the base reinforced by ribs and the margins folded to the innerside of the valve. The new species is compared to the closely related diatom Triceratium dubium, which has the same pattern of areolar disposition, formation of septum and pseudoloculi. The main differences in relation to T. moreirae are: rimoportulae intercalated to ocelli and with a characteristic morphology (spinules on the edge of the external aperture), and more elongated elevations with a constriction. Some criteria used for the classification of categories into the Triceratiaceae are also discussed, and we propose that the type of areola (poroidal with cribra) be included in the circumscription of Triceratium.
Assuntos
Diatomáceas/citologia , Brasil , Diatomáceas/classificaçãoRESUMO
A new species of Triceratiaceae is described for estuarine environments of Southern Brazil. The valve of Triceratium moreirae sp. nov. is triangular with elevations bearing ocellus and a rimoportula in their basis. The valvar surface has robust pseudoloculi, circular to polygonal, each one confining a group of areolae arranged in a typical pattern. A central larger areola is surrounded by 5-8 smaller areolae, and they are poroidal with domed cribra. A septum emerges from the valvocopula, having the base reinforced by ribs and the margins folded to the innerside of the valve. The new species is compared to the closely related diatom Triceratium dubium, which has the same pattern of areolar disposition, formation of septum and pseudoloculi. The main diferences in relation to T. moreirae are: rimoportulae intercalated to ocelli and with a characteristic morphology (spinules on the edge of the external aperture), and more elongated elevations with a constriction. Some criteria used for the classification of categories into the Triceratiaceae are also discussed, and we propose that the type of areola (poroidal with cribra) be included in the circumscription of Triceratium