RESUMO
The interview marks the 40th anniversary of the Programa de Assistência Integral à Saúde da Mulher (Program for Integral Assistance to Women's Health), and aims to revisit the history of this innovative health policy, the context in which it was created and the generation that took it forward, from the narrative of a key person, Ana Maria Costa, who played a leading role in the process of its creation, from conception to the elaboration of its final text. Launched in 1983, the policy was a pioneer in proposing and incorporating the principles of universality, equity and integrality, which would be the foundations of the Sistema Único de Saúde, and introducing the perspective of women's reproductive rights.
A entrevista marca os 40 anos do Programa de Assistência Integral à Saúde da Mulher e tem como objetivo revisitar a história dessa política de saúde inovadora, do contexto em que foi criada e da geração que a levou adiante, a partir da narrativa de uma pessoa-chave, Ana Maria Costa, que protagonizou o processo de sua criação, desde a concepção até a elaboração de seu texto final. Lançada em 1983, a política foi pioneira em propor e incorporar os princípios de universalidade, equidade e integralidade, que seriam os fundamentos do Sistema Único de Saúde, e introduzir a perspectiva dos direitos reprodutivos das mulheres.
Assuntos
Saúde da Mulher , Humanos , Saúde da Mulher/história , História do Século XX , Feminino , Brasil , História do Século XXI , Política de Saúde/história , Direitos da Mulher/história , Serviços de Saúde da Mulher/históriaRESUMO
This review aims to disclose the gaps and needs for acknowledging the rights to experience motherhood of women with disabilities. To do so, we map how much is known about these women's experience with motherhood, shedding light on their sexual and reproductive rights. The present work followed the scoping review by the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). This research is structured by elaborating the question, identifying the relevant studies, selecting the studies, extracting the data, sorting, summarizing, and creating reports based on the results. Results: we found 1050 articles, of which 53 were selected for the analysis. considering the different themes, we generated three axes: (1) infantilization, dehumanization, and discredit in the experience of motherhood; (2) obstetric ableism - an expression of violence in obstetrics; (3) reproductive justice - politicize motherhood and care. The study showed the urgent need to regard women with disabilities as people having the right to make sexual and reproductive health choices. Health professionals need permanent education to acknowledge and guarantee such a need as interweaving relationships to reach decision-making and autonomy.
Nesta revisão, buscamos identificar lacunas e necessidades para o reconhecimento do direito das mulheres com deficiência ao exercício da maternidade. Objetivamos mapear o conhecimento referente às experiências com a maternidade dessas mulheres, ressaltando a produção de conhecimento relacionada aos direitos sexuais e reprodutivos. Realizamos uma revisão de escopo conforme o Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). A pesquisa se sustentou na: formulação da questão; identificação dos estudos relevantes; seleção dos estudos; extração de dados; separação, sumarização e relatório dos resultados. Resultados: identificamos 1.050 artigos e selecionamos 53 para análise. A separação dos temas convergentes gerou três eixos: (1) infantilização, desumanização e descrédito na experiência da maternidade; (2) capacitismo obstétrico: uma expressão da violência obstétrica; (3) justiça reprodutiva: politizar a maternidade e o cuidado. Concluímos pela urgência de considerar as mulheres com deficiência com direitos de escolhas nas questões referentes à sua saúde sexual e reprodutiva. Os profissionais de saúde precisam de educação permanente para reconhecer e garantir as necessidades como relações de interdependência para decisões e autonomia.
Assuntos
Pessoas com Deficiência , Mães , Direitos Sexuais e Reprodutivos , Humanos , Feminino , Mães/psicologia , Gravidez , Direitos da Mulher , Saúde Reprodutiva , Tomada de DecisõesRESUMO
This text analyzes female participation in Brazilian eugenics and medical discourse on the roles and social functions of the sexes during the first half of the twentieth century. In examining the production of two women, Ítala Silva de Oliveira and Eunice Penna Kehl, we maintain that certain women were effectively engaged in the eugenics movement and worked to bring women closer to eugenics. This analysis makes it possible to explore a pedagogical dimension of eugenics and of the popularization of this movement by attempting to form a hygienist and eugenist consciousness among women.
O texto analisa a participação feminina na eugenia brasileira e os discursos médicos acerca dos papéis e funções sociais dos sexos na primeira metade do século XX. A partir da análise da produção de duas mulheres, Ítala Silva de Oliveira e Eunice Penna Kehl, o objetivo principal é argumentar que determinadas mulheres se engajaram efetivamente no movimento eugênico, trabalhando em prol da aproximação feminina com a eugenia. Tal análise permite explorar uma dimensão pedagógica e de popularização da eugenia por meio da tentativa de formação de uma consciência higiênica e eugênica nas mulheres.
Assuntos
Eugenia (Ciência) , Eugenia (Ciência)/história , Brasil , História do Século XX , Feminino , Humanos , Direitos da Mulher/história , CriançaRESUMO
The purpose of this research is to identify predominant problematizations in Colombian feminist Instagram accounts regarding gender-based violence during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Employing a qualitative approach, a digital ethnography based on the principles of netnography was conducted as an alternative to detail the social worlds constructed from online groups. Fifty pieces of content from @lainsumisa and twenty pieces of content from @feministasenconstrucción, published between March 2020 and March 2021, were selected based on observations made within the online fieldwork framework. These were analyzed using discourse analysis techniques. The findings discuss the following emerging categories: unpaid household work, romanticized harassment, fatphobia, and the violation of Black and racialized women's rights. In this context, cyberactivism is presented as an opportunity for the emergence of collectives and support networks for women advocating for gender equality and their rights, towards questioning patriarchal ideas that jeopardize their well-being.
El propósito de esta investigación es identificar las problematizaciones predominantes en cuentas feministas colombianas de Instagram, sobre las violencias basadas en género durante el primer año de la pandemia de covid-19. Desde un enfoque cualitativo, se realizó una etnografía digital basada en los preceptos de la netnografía, como alternativa para detallar los mundos sociales construidos a partir de los grupos en línea. A partir de las observaciones realizadas en el marco del trabajo de campo en línea se seleccionaron 50 contenidos de @lainsumisa y 20 contenidos de @feministasenconstrucción, publicados entre marzo de 2020 y marzo de 2021, los cuales se analizaron mediante técnicas de análisis del discurso. Entre los hallazgos se discuten las siguientes categorías emergentes: el trabajo no remunerado en el hogar, el acoso romantizado, la gordofobia y la vulneración a las mujeres negras y racializadas. Al respecto, se plantea el ciberactivismo como una oportunidad para el surgimiento de colectivos y redes de apoyo para las mujeres que luchan por la equidad de género y por sus derechos, hacia el cuestionamiento de ideas patriarcales que atentan contra su bienestar.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Violência de Gênero , Mídias Sociais , Humanos , Colômbia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Feminino , Direitos da Mulher , Pandemias , Feminismo , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Masculino , Antropologia CulturalAssuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Direitos da Mulher , Violência contra a Mulher , Apatia , Violência de Gênero , Medicina LegalRESUMO
This study explores the impacts of armed conflict on women's sexual and reproductive health in Colombia, building on a reproductive justice perspective to analyse original interviews with stakeholders in healthcare, women's rights, and peacebuilding. The analysis reveals that war affects women's sexual and reproductive health in three ways, through violent politicisation, collateral damage, and intersectional dimensions. First, multiple armed actors have used women's health as an instrument in politically motivated strategies to increase their power, assigning political meaning to sexuality and reproduction within the context of war. Second, women's health has also suffered from secondary damage of conflict resulting from a decay in healthcare service provision and an unmet need for healthcare services among those affected by sexual and reproductive violence. Third, marginalised women have been particularly affected by a discriminatory nexus of poverty, ethnicity, and geographic inequality. The paper concludes with a reflection on the opportunities for reproductive justice in Colombia.
Assuntos
Conflitos Armados , Justiça Social , Humanos , Colômbia , Feminino , Saúde Reprodutiva , Direitos da Mulher , Política , Saúde da MulherRESUMO
The purpose of the investigation was to analyze the experiences and perspectives on violence against women in the Apurímac region, Peru. The analysis was carried out through interviews with women in each of the provinces of Apurimac. The aim was to learn about the status of women's rights and the effectiveness of provisions and regulations for their protection. The article will also explore the vast cultural and social diversity present in the interviews themselves, in contrast to the current normative system. As a general conclusion, it became evident that women in Apurimac-Peru suffered different types of abuse and mistreatment just because they were women and that they did not feel any kind of support from the authorities, showing a lack of interest from the state in improving the current situation of women in Peruvian society.
Assuntos
Violência , Direitos da Mulher , Feminino , Humanos , PeruRESUMO
En todos los ámbitos laborales, sin excepción, es imprescindible la vigencia ineludible del derecho irrestricto de toda madre a ejercer, practicar, su lactancia con su bebé. Y las razones médicas debieran formar parte de campañas incesantes para que este derecho de las mamás esté absolutamente naturalizado en todos los niveles y en cada rincón del país. La lactancia materna protege al bebé de enfermedades infecciosas y le da la nutrición ideal para una vida más sana. Es fundamental desde el primer día de vida extrauterina hasta los 6 meses con exclusividad y luego continúa con suplementos vitamínicos y nutrientes apropiados. En todo lugar de trabajo deben existir lactarios como una estrategia de Salud Pública y en Medicina del Trabajo. (AU)
In all areas of work, without exception, the unavoidable validity of the unrestricted right of every mother to exercise, practice, breastfeeding with her baby is essential. And the medical reasons should be part of incessant campaigns so that this right of mothers is absolutely naturalized at all levels and in every corner of the country. Breastfeeding protects the baby from infectious diseases and gives it the ideal nutrition for a healthier life. It is essential from the first day of extrauterine life until 6 months exclusively and then continues with appropriate vitamin and nutrient supplements. In every workplace there must be lactation rooms as a strategy of Public Health and Occupational Medicine. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Mulheres Trabalhadoras , Aleitamento Materno , Retorno ao Trabalho , Medicina do Trabalho , Argentina , Direitos da Mulher , Defesa da Criança e do Adolescente , Saúde do LactenteRESUMO
Obstetric violence is a product of medical institutions' failure to prioritize women-centric reproductive care. Through interviews with local activists and leaders in Oaxaca, Mexico, as well as analysis of primary and secondary sources, we find that women-centric reproductive care is hindered by three barriers that are a part of a continuum of violence. These barriers include the cultural and religious norms surrounding reproductive care, the medical community and medical profiteers' opposition to combatting obstetric violence, and the state's resistance to women's human rights policy changes. Shifting to a women-centric reproductive care model requires: the life of the woman to be prioritized in reproductive care, the criminalization of obstetric violence, improved training for the medical community, reduced monetary incentives for unnecessary cesarean sections, and the respectful inclusion of indigenous and midwife knowledge and practices. Our study's theoretical and empirical contributions add to the scholarly research regarding the systemic causes of obstetric violence and the care ethic required for transformative change. Our recommendations can be applied across contexts with locally developed and culturally inclusive models of women-centric reproductive care.
Assuntos
Tocologia , Violência , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Direitos da Mulher , Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido , MéxicoRESUMO
This article evaluates a Body Resistance Program in an urban area of El Salvador. The goal of this program is to facilitate women's reclamation of bodily autonomy and recognition of their shared struggle, thereby laying a foundation for solidarity and structural change around gendered body norms. As a pilot project with limited scope, a key objective is to identify meaningful concepts that address the goals, motivations, and worldviews of Salvadoran participants. This article provides insights into their understandings and experiences of trauma, resistance, and embodied empowerment.