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Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos imediatos da orientação do plano de alta hospitalar aos pacientes com DPOC. Método: estudo prospectivo, comparativo, realizado num hospital privado de São Paulo, com pacientes com DPOC. Na primeira etapa foi aplicado questionário "Plano educacional para pacientes com DPOC" para avaliar conhecimento do paciente sobre sua doença. Na segunda etapa foi realizada intervenção educacional e na terceira, reaplicação do questionário. A comparação do resultado do pré e pós-teste foram feitas pelo teste T pareado. Projeto de pesquisa aprovado em comitê de ética, parecer no 003/12. Resultados: dos 50 pacientes participantes do estudo, 68% responderam não conhecer bem sua doença antes da orientação e apenas 22% após intervenção educacional. Todas seções do questionário apresentaram aumento na média de acertos após intervenção educacional. Conclusão: orientação do plano de alta hospitalar mostrou-se efetiva resultando em melhora imediata do conhecimento.

Objective: to evaluate the immediate effects of the orientation of the hospital discharge plan for patients with COPD. Method: prospective and comparative study performed in a private hospital in São Paulo, with patients with COPD. In first step it was used the questionnaire "Educational Plan for COPD patients" to assess patient knowledge about their disease. In second step, educational intervention was carried out and in the third, again the of the questionnaire was used. The comparison between pre and post-test results was done by paired T-test. The project was approved by the research ethics committee. Result: from the 50 patients who participated in study, 68% reported not knowing their disease well before orientation and only 22% after educational intervention. In all sections of questionnaire there was an increase in correct answers after educational intervention. Conclusion: the orientation of the hospital discharge plan was effective resulting in an immediate improvement of knowledge.

Objetivo: evaluar los efectos inmediatos de la orientación del plan de alta para pacientes con EPOC. Métodos: estudio prospectivo, comparativo, realizado en hospital privado de São Paulo, con pacientes con EPOC. En la primera etapa se aplicó el cuestionario "Plan de Educación para los pacientes con EPOC" para evaluar el conocimiento del paciente sobre su enfermedad. En la segunda etapa fué realizada intervención educativa, en la tercera se realizó reaplicación del cuestionario. La comparación del resultado del pre y post-test fue hecha por la prueba T pareado. Proyecto de investigación aprobado por comité de ética, protocolo no 003/12. Resultados: de los 50 pacientes participantes, 68% dijeron desconocer su enfermedad antes de la orientación, sólo 22% después de la intervención educativa. Todas secciones del cuestionario se produjo aumento en promedio de aciertos después de la intervención. Conclusión: la orientación del plan de alta fué eficaz, resultando mejora inmediata del conocimiento.

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O cuidado causa estresse na dinâmica cotidiana da família levando a complicações físicas, mentais e emocionais ao cuidador, perda da liberdade e/ou sobrecarga de cônjuges. Entre março e novembro de 2006, esta pesquisa antropológica examinou o cuidado familiar no contexto da Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica (DPOC). Utilizando entrevista etnográfica, narrativa da enfermidade e observação participante objetivou-se descrever a reorganização e a convivência familiar com a evolução e a experiência com a DPOC, a percepção de cuidadores familiares sobre as dificuldades e as limitações vivenciadas junto ao doente e as estratégias de enfrentamento da enfermidade. Participaram do estudo seis cuidadores familiares de baixa renda residentes em bairros urbanos pobres da periferia de Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil. Da Análise de Conteúdo emergiram as categorias: "dividindo sofrimentos" e "atitudes e comportamentos percebidos e vivenciados pelos cuidadores". As narrativas profundas mostraram a afetação significativa entre os enfermos e seus cuidadores familiares. Apesar da pobreza, violência estrutural, desemprego, preconceito social e baixos salários endêmicos no nordeste brasileiro, os cuidadores descobrem maneiras efetivas de lidar com a cronicidade além de criar estratégias para amenizar o sofrimento causado pela doença.

The provision of care causes stress in everyday family dynamics leading to physical, mental and emotional complications in caregivers and spouses' loss of liberty and/or overwork. Between March and November 2006, this anthropological research examined family caregiving in the context of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). By means of ethnographic interviews, illness narratives and participant observation, the scope was to describe family reorganization and coexistence with the disease and its evolution, caregiver perceptions about patient difficulties and limitations experienced and strategies employed to tackle their illness. Six low-income family caregivers, living in poor, urban areas in the outskirts of the capital city, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, participated in the study. From the Content Analysis, two categories arose: "sharing suffering" and "attitudes and behavior perceived and experienced by caregivers." In-depth narratives revealed marked affection between patients and their family caregivers. Despite poverty, structural violence, unemployment, social prejudice and low salaries endemic in the Northeast of Brazil, the caregivers find effective ways to cope with chronic illness besides creating strategies to diminish suffering caused by the illness.

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The provision of care causes stress in everyday family dynamics leading to physical, mental and emotional complications in caregivers and spouses' loss of liberty and/or overwork. Between March and November 2006, this anthropological research examined family caregiving in the context of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). By means of ethnographic interviews, illness narratives and participant observation, the scope was to describe family reorganization and coexistence with the disease and its evolution, caregiver perceptions about patient difficulties and limitations experienced and strategies employed to tackle their illness. Six low-income family caregivers, living in poor, urban areas in the outskirts of the capital city, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil, participated in the study. From the Content Analysis, two categories arose: "sharing suffering" and "attitudes and behavior perceived and experienced by caregivers." In-depth narratives revealed marked affection between patients and their family caregivers. Despite poverty, structural violence, unemployment, social prejudice and low salaries endemic in the Northeast of Brazil, the caregivers find effective ways to cope with chronic illness besides creating strategies to diminish suffering caused by the illness.

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Objetivou analisar a percepção de idosos com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica sobre a qualidade de vida. Os dados foram coletados com 24 idosos aplicando o instrumento World Health Organization Quality of Life-100, orientado pelo conceito dequalidade de vida da Organização Mundial da Saúde, composto pelos domínios Físico, Psicológico, Nível de independência, Relações sociais e Religiosidade. A análise descritiva demonstrou média e desvio-padrão dos escores para tais domínios,respectivamente: 11,15±2,58, 13,94±1,65, 11,57±3,02, 14,02±2,03, 13,72±2,03 e 15,45±2,26. Os Domínios Físicos e Nível de Independência foram os mais influentes na avaliação negativa da qualidade de vida. A correlação demonstrou que oselementos mais influentes são: dor, energia, sono, mobilidade, atividades da vida cotidiana, dependência de medicação ou tratamento, e capacidade para o trabalho. O instrumento utilizado mostrou-se sensível ao objetivo pretendido, permitindo verificar consonância com outros estudos em relação às facetas que mais influenciam a qualidade de vida desta população.

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Com este estudo pretende-se identificar qual a melhor estratégia de intervenção de enfermagem na promoção da gestão do regime terapêutico em pacientes com Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica no ambiente hospitalar. Realizamos uma revisão integrativa da literatura dos anos 2006 a 2009. A partir da análise dos dados, constatamos que os estudos utilizam diferentes elementos e diferentes indicadores de efetividade para avaliarem as estratégias de intervenção utilizadas. Baseando-se nas evidências disponíveis, não é possível identificar qual a melhor estratégia. Desta revisão emerge a definição dos indicadores de resultado mais consensuais na avaliação da efetividade das estratégias de intervenção. Torna-se agora necessário desenvolver, implementar e avaliar a efetividade das estratégias de intervenção de enfermagem, recorrendo a estes indicadores, para definir qual a melhor estratégia de intervenção, baseada na evidência.

The objective of this study is to identify which is the best nursing intervention strategy to promote treatment management in patients with Obstructive Chronic Pulmonary Disease in the hospital setting. An integrative literature review was performed for the years 2006 to 2009. The data analysis revealed that the studies used different elements and specific effectiveness indicators to evaluate the intervention strategies that were addressed. Based on current evidence, it is not possible to identify the best strategy. The present review points out the need to define more consensual outcome indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of intervention strategies. Hence, it is necessary to develop, implement, and evaluate the effectiveness of nursing intervention strategies, turning to those indicators, to define the best evidenced-based intervention strategy.

Con este estudio, pretendemos identificar cuál es la mejor estrategia de intervención de enfermería en la promoción del manejo del régimen terapéutico en pacientes con Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica, en el ambiente hospitalario. Realizamos una revisión integradora de la literatura de los años 2006 a 2009. A partir del análisis de los datos, constatamos que los estudios utilizan diferentes elementos y diferentes indicadores de efectividad para evaluar las estrategias de intervención utilizadas, no siendo posible identificar cuál es la mejor estrategia basada en la evidencia disponible. De esta revisión surge la definición de los indicadores de resultado más consensuales en la evaluación de la efectividad de las estrategias de intervención. Se vuelve ahora necesario desarrollar, implementar y evaluar la efectividad de las estrategias de intervención de enfermería, recurriendo a tales indicadores, para definir cuál es la mejor estrategia basada en la evidencia.

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The objective of this study is to identify which is the best nursing intervention strategy to promote treatment management in patients with Obstructive Chronic Pulmonary Disease in the hospital setting. An integrative literature review was performed for the years 2006 to 2009. The data analysis revealed that the studies used different elements and specific effectiveness indicators to evaluate the intervention strategies that were addressed. Based on current evidence, it is not possible to identify the best strategy. The present review points out the need to define more consensual outcome indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of intervention strategies. Hence, it is necessary to develop, implement, and evaluate the effectiveness of nursing intervention strategies, turning to those indicators, to define the best evidenced-based intervention strategy.

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OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) on the quality of life of caregivers. DESIGN AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with forty-two COPD patients and their primary caregivers. Patients were assessed with the medical outcome survey short form (SF-36), the physical and mental component summary (PCS and MCS), Saint George's respiratory questionnaire (SGRQ), 6-min walking test, and spirometric and blood gas measurements. Caregivers were assessed using the medical outcome survey short form (SF-36), the physical and mental component summary (PCS and MCS), the 5-point Likert scale for measuring caregiver/patient relationships and the caregiver burden scale (CB scale). RESULTS: The majority of caregivers were female (85.3%), married (59%) and had low levels of income and schooling. The mean age was 51.6+/-16 years. Mean caregiver PCS and MCS scores were 45.9+/-10 and 46+/-12, while the mean total burden score was 1.79+/-0.6. The regression analysis showed caregiver/patient relationship quality, caregiver MCS scores and patient PCS scores to be important predictors of burden and explained 63% of the variance. CONCLUSIONS: COPD causes a significant impact on the quality of life of caregivers. The two most important predictors of COPD burden are the relationship between caregivers and patients and caregiver MCS scores.

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Autonomy can be defined as independence or freedom. When it is used to describe individual work, it refers to the ability to make decisions without undue influence from others. The purpose of this paper is to critique two models of autonomy, one developed from the discipline of occupational health, and one developed from the discipline of nursing. These models potentially provide insight to the work of nurses in hospitals. Additionally, this paper will explore the possibility of applying these traditional western models to cultures and countries other than the US, Europe, and Australia. The question of whether a hospital nurse can be autonomous is complicated by the structure of the society in which the work of the nurse exists and the barriers produced by those structures. In order for nurses and women to exercise more autonomy in work settings, powerful members of the society must acknowledge the reality of the under valued status of women and women’s work and allow for a greater exercise of discretion by women.

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La Guía de Práctica Clínica Nacional de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de la Enfermedad Pulmonar obstructiva Crónica EPOC , es impulsada y realizada por el Ministerio de Salud la Nación. Con el propósito de contribuir a disminuir la morbilidad y mortalidad de los pacientes con EPOC, facilitando al equipo de salid las herramientas necesarias para detectar adecuadamente a la enfermedad e instituir su tratamiento ambulatorio. Las enfermedades respiratorias crónicas fueron responsables del 9 por ciento de las defunciones en el 2010. Los datos locales disponibles indican elevada prevalencia de síntomas respiratorios en la población y elevado consumo de tabaco. La Guía de Práctica Clínica Nacional de Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de la EPOC, es un conjunto de recomendaciones, desarrolladas de forma sistemática y basadas en la mejor evidencia científica. Los objetivos son proveer al equipo de salud, una guía de diagnóstico y terapéutica clínica tanto farmacológica como no farmacológica con recomendaciones basadas en evidencia.

Los usuarios de la Guía son todos los integrantes el equipo de salud y responsables de las personas con EPOC

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