RESUMO
INTRODUÇÃO: A cirurgia de revascularização miocárdica continua sendo realizada em grande número de pacientes. Apesar dos enxertos arteriais serem preferidos devido sua patência, enxertos de veia safena continuam sendo usados regularmente. Os aneurismas de enxertos venosos são uma rara complicação cirúrgica tardia, aprensentandose em média 10 anos após a revascularização. A maioria dos pacientes com aneurisma são assintomáticos e suas principais complicações são embolização distal, IAM e formação de fístula e rotura. RELATO DE CASO: Paciente feminina, 65 anos, com antecedente de RVM com ponte mamária para coronária descendente anterior (MIE-DA) e pontes safena para diagonal, primeiro e segundo marginal e coronária direita. Em cateterismo 2023, ponte MIE-DA estava pérvia, com oclusão das demais. Relatou dor torácica típica, com piora do padrão há 15 dias. Apresentou ECG com padrão de isquemia circunferencial e curva ascendente de troponina, sendo Internada por IAMSSST. No ecocardiograma visualizou-se aumento da porção distal de aorta ascendente com grande dilatação e formação de uma neocavidade medindo 63x57mm, adjacente a parede posterior da aorta ascendente próximo a junção sinotubular com fluxo, rechaçando a parede do átrio esquerdo e o anel valvar mitral e possível compressão do tronco da coronária esquerda e artéria pulmonar. À ressonância cardíaca evidenciou neocavidade junto à raiz da aorta e porção ascendente com sinais de compressão extrínseca importante das artérias pulmonares. Foi considerado como hipótese diagnóstica um aneurisma do enxerto Ao-MG2, com compressão extrínseca da circulação coronariana causando dor e isquemia. DISCUSSÃO: Aneurisma de enxertos venosos geralmente são assintomáticos, mesmo quando possuem diâmetros entre 5 e 10 cm. A compressão do leito coronariano nativo por efeito de massa pode levar a IAM, até mesmo com alteração de ECG, como observado no caso relatado. O tratamento mais comumente proposto é a correção cirúrgica, contudo, em pacientes com múltiplas toracotomias e alto risco cirúrgico, pode-se optar pela embolização percutânea. CONCLUSÃO: Apesar de complicação relativamente rara, os aneurismas de enxertos venosos devem ser considerados diante de episódio de dor torácica em pacientes previamente submetidos à revascularização miocárdica.
Assuntos
Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Veia Safena/cirurgia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Aneurisma/complicações , Dor no Peito , Isquemia , Revascularização MiocárdicaRESUMO
Background: The debate on percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of the unprotected left main coronary artery (LMCA) has been constant over time. Objective: To investigate the clinical and procedural characteristics and cardiovascular outcomes of PCI of unprotected LMCA. Material and methods: Observational study which included patients with unprotected LMCA disease undergoing PCI; patients with cardiogenic shock prior to the procedure were excluded. We describe the clinical and angiographic characteristics, as well as the major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) according to the year of the procedure. Results: We included 73 patients, with a SYNTAX I score of 31.2 ± 9.1, mostly with ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (35%). There was a higher frequency of triple vessel coronary disease (63%) and distal LMCA lesions (35%). The provisional stent technique was the most used for distal lesions (58%) and the 2-stent technique for bifurcation lesions (78%), supported by intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) in 38%. During follow-up, 19 presented MACCE (26%), out of which cardiac death occurred in 13%, non-cardiovascular death in 5%, non-fatal acute myocardial infarction in 1%, cerebrovascular event in 2%, and revascularization of the treated vessel in 4%. Conclusions: It was observed a similar frequency to the one appearing in other studies of cardiovascular events, mainly in patients with intermediate risk, which supports the increasing use of percutaneous intervention in this population.
Introducción: el debate sobre la intervención coronaria percutánea (ICP) del tronco coronario izquierdo (TCI) no protegido ha sido constante a lo largo del tiempo. Objetivo: investigar las características clínicas, de procedimiento y los desenlaces cardiovasculares de la ICP del TCI no protegido. Material y métodos: estudio observacional que incluyó pacientes con enfermedad del TCI no protegido sometidos a ICP; se excluyeron pacientes con choque cardiogénico previo al procedimiento. Describimos las características clínicas y angiográficas, así como los eventos adversos cardiovasculares y cerebrales mayores (MACCE) según el año del procedimiento. Resultados: incluimos 73 pacientes, con puntuación de SYNTAX I de 31.2 ± 9.1, mayormente con síndrome coronario agudo con elevación del ST (35%). Hubo mayor frecuencia de enfermedad coronaria trivascular (63%) y lesión distal del TCI (35%). La técnica de stent provisional fue la más usada para lesiones distales (58%) y la técnica de 2 stents para las lesiones en bifurcación (78%), con apoyo del ultrasonido intravascular (IVUS) en el 38%. En el seguimiento se presentaron 19 MACCE (26%), de los cuales la muerte de causa cardiaca se presentó en el 13%, muerte no cardiovascular en 5%, infarto agudo al miocardio no fatal en 1%, evento vascular cerebral en 2% y nueva revascularización del vaso tratado en 4%. Conclusiones: se observó una frecuencia similar a la de otros estudios de eventos cardiovasculares, especialmente en pacientes con riesgo intermedio, lo cual apoya el uso creciente de la intervención percutánea en esta población.
Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Intervenção Coronária Percutânea/métodos , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/terapia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/complicações , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Seguimentos , StentsRESUMO
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a global health concern, with diagnostic modalities and risk factors that exhibit regional variations. This study, conducted at the Islamabad Diagnostic Center, Pakistan, aimed to provide a comprehensive assessment of CAD prevalence, severity, and associated risk factors, while also evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of Computed Tomography Coronary Test (CTT) and Exercise Treadmill Test (ETT) in a cohort of 2909 patients. Among the patients assessed via CT Coronary scans, CAD was universally observed, presenting with varying degrees of severity. Our findings indicated that 24.5% of patients had mild CAD, 28.6% exhibited mild to moderate CAD, 16.3% were diagnosed with moderate CAD, 18.4% demonstrated moderate to severe CAD, and 20.4% displayed severe CAD. This spectrum underscores the diverse nature of CAD within the study population. In addition to CTT, we conducted a detailed evaluation of ETT results in 49 patients. These results revealed that 55.1% of patients tested positive for ischemia during the exercise test, emphasizing the prevalence of cardiac stress and underlying CAD. Conversely, 32.7% of patients exhibited negative ETT results, indicating favorable cardiac tolerance during physical activity. A subset of patients yielded non-diagnostic or inconclusive results, necessitating further clinical assessment. Disease history analysis showed a dichotomy within the cohort, with 20.4% having a known medical history and 79.6% possessing an unknown disease history, highlighting the importance of comprehensive medical records in clinical practice. Hypertension, a critical cardiovascular risk factor, was identified in 87.8% of patients, underscoring its significance. Smoking history displayed notable variation, with 69.4% categorized as smokers, 14.3% as ex-smokers, and 10.2% as non-smokers. Lipid profile analysis indicated that 69.4% of patients had abnormal lipid levels. To assess the diagnostic accuracy of CTT and ETT, we calculated Positive Predictive Values (PPV) and Negative Predictive Values (NPV). CTT exhibited a PPV of approximately 5.99% and an NPV of approximately 4.40%, whereas ETT displayed a higher PPV of around 26.44% and a substantially higher NPV of about 49.24%. This study offers valuable insights into CAD prevalence, severity, and associated risk factors in a Pakistani cohort, emphasizing the importance of holistic risk assessment and tailored interventions in clinical practice. Our findings also highlight the diagnostic utility of ETT in CAD assessment.
Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Teste de Esforço , Humanos , Teste de Esforço/métodos , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico , Paquistão/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Fatores de Risco , Idoso , Prevalência , Índice de Gravidade de Doença , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Angiografia CoronáriaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study was to investigate the role of serum Klotho, fetuin-A, and Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) in Coronary Artery Calcification (CAC) in patients with Maintenance Hemodialysis (MHD) and their predictive value for CAC. METHODS: 100 patients receiving MHD were selected. Serum Klotho, fetuin-A, and MGP levels were detected by ELISA. CAC scores were assessed by coronary CT scan. Multifactor analysis was used to evaluate the risk factors affecting CAC. The ability of serum Klotho, fetuin-A, and MGP levels to diagnose CAC was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: Serum Klotho, fetuin-A, and MGP were independent risk factors for CAC. Serum Klotho, fetuin-A, and MGP were valuable in the diagnosis of CAC in MHD patients. CONCLUSION: There is a close relationship between Klotho, fetuin-A, and MGP levels in MHD patients and CAC.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio , Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular , Glucuronidase , Proteínas Klotho , Proteína de Matriz Gla , Diálise Renal , Calcificação Vascular , alfa-2-Glicoproteína-HS , Humanos , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Feminino , Proteínas de Ligação ao Cálcio/sangue , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , alfa-2-Glicoproteína-HS/análise , alfa-2-Glicoproteína-HS/metabolismo , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/sangue , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Glucuronidase/sangue , Proteínas da Matriz Extracelular/sangue , Biomarcadores/sangue , Calcificação Vascular/sangue , Calcificação Vascular/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Fatores de Risco , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Adulto , Curva ROC , Calcinose/sangue , Calcinose/diagnóstico por imagem , Calcinose/etiologia , Valor Preditivo dos TestesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol to apolipoprotein A-I index (HDL-C/ApoA-I) may be practical and useful in clinical practice as a marker of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate the association between the HDL-C/ApoA-I index with cardiometabolic risk factors and subclinical atherosclerosis. METHODS: In this cross-sectional sub-analysis of the GEA study, 1,363 individuals, women (51.3%) and men (48.7%) between 20 and 75 years old, without coronary heart disease or diabetes mellitus were included. We defined an adverse cardiometabolic profile as excess adipose tissue metrics, non-alcoholic liver fat measured by non-contrasted tomography, metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemias, and insulin resistance. The population was stratified by quartiles of the HDL-C/Apo-AI index, and its dose-relationship associations were analysed using Tobit regression, binomial, and multinomial logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: Body mass index, visceral and pericardial fat, metabolic syndrome, fatty liver, high blood pressure, and CAC were inversely associated with the HDL-C/ApoA-I index. The CAC > 0 prevalence was higher in quartile 1 (29.2%) than in the last quartile (22%) of HDL-C/ApoA-I index (p = 0.035). The probability of having CAC > 0 was higher when the HDL-C/ApoA-I index was less than 0.28 (p < 0.001). This association was independent of classical coronary risk factors, visceral and pericardial fat measurements. CONCLUSION: The HDL-C/ApoA-I index is inversely associated with an adverse cardiometabolic profile and CAC score, making it a potentially useful and practical biomarker of coronary atherosclerosis. Overall, these findings suggest that the HDL-C/ApoA-I index could be useful for evaluating the probability of having higher cardiometabolic risk factors and subclinical atherosclerosis in adults without CAD.
Assuntos
Apolipoproteína A-I , Fatores de Risco Cardiometabólico , HDL-Colesterol , Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Transversais , Apolipoproteína A-I/sangue , HDL-Colesterol/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/epidemiologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/etiologia , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/sangue , Aterosclerose/epidemiologia , Aterosclerose/diagnóstico , Síndrome Metabólica/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem , Biomarcadores/análise , Biomarcadores/sangue , Fatores de Risco , Vasos Coronários/patologia , Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagemRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (MICS CABG) offers a new paradigm in coronary revascularization. This study aims to compare the outcomes of MICS CABG with those of conventional median sternotomy CABG (MS CABG) within a growing minimally invasive cardiac surgical program in Singapore. METHODS: Propensity matching produced 111 patient pairs who underwent MICS CABG or MS CABG between January 2009 and February 2020 at the National University Heart Centre, Singapore. Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery patients were matched to single- or double-graft MS CABG patients (Group 1). Multivessel MICS CABG patients were matched to MS CABG patients with equal number of grafts (Group 2). RESULTS: Overall, MICS CABG patients experienced shorter postoperative length of stay (P<0.071). In Group 2, procedural duration (P<0.001) was longer among MICS CABG patients, but it did not translate to adverse postoperative events. Postoperative outcomes, including 30-day mortality, reopening for bleeding, new onset atrial fibrillation as well as neurological, pulmonary, renal, and infectious complications were comparable between MICS and MS CABG groups. CONCLUSION: MICS CABG is a safe and effective approach for surgical revascularization of coronary artery disease and trends toward a reduction in hospital stay.
Assuntos
Ponte de Artéria Coronária , Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Tempo de Internação , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Pontuação de Propensão , Humanos , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/métodos , Ponte de Artéria Coronária/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Minimamente Invasivos/métodos , Idoso , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/cirurgia , Singapura , Resultado do Tratamento , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In the present study, we evaluated whether DEFB1 gene polymorphisms are associated with the presence of coronary artery disease (CAD). METHODS: Two rs11362 A/G, and rs1800972 C/G gene polymorphisms of DEFB1 gene were genotyped by 5'exonuclease TaqMan assays in 219 patients with CAD and 522 control individuals. RESULTS: The distribution of rs1800972 C/G polymorphisms was similar in patients with CAD and healthy controls. Nonetheless, under the co-dominant, dominant, recessive, and additive models, the AA genotype of the rs11362 A/G polymorphism was associated with the risk of developing CAD (OR = 1.89 pCCo-Dom = 0.041, OR = 1.46, pCDom = 0.034, OR = 1.69, pCRes = 0.039, and OR = 1.37, pCAdd = 0.012, respectively). In addition, the linkage disequilibrium showed that the 'AG' haplotype was associated with an increased risk of developing CAD (OR = 1.23, p = 0.042). According, with the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) consortium data, the rs11362 AA genotype is associated with a low mRNA expression of the ß-defensin-1 in tissues, such as artery aorta, artery coronary, heart left ventricle, and heart atrial appendage (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that rs11362 A/G polymorphism of the DEFB1 gene is involved in the risk of developing CAD, and with a low RNA expression of the ß-defensin-1 in heart tissue.
Assuntos
Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , beta-Defensinas , Humanos , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/genética , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos de Casos e Controles , beta-Defensinas/genética , Genótipo , Fatores de Risco , Idoso , Desequilíbrio de Ligação , DNA/genética , China/epidemiologia , HaplótiposRESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) are at an increased cardiovascular risk. On the contrary, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). However, it is not known whether patients with significant CHD show a higher frequency of liver fibrosis. This study aimed to determine the frequency of MASLD and liver fibrosis in patients with CHD and to assess whether coronary stenosis is significantly associated with MASLD and fibrosis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This observational and analytical study included adult patients without any known liver disease who underwent coronary angiography for suspected coronary artery disease (Jul 2021-Jul 2022). The presence of significant CHD (> 50% stenosis of at least one coronary artery) was determined. Liver elastography (FibroScan®) was performed up to 6 months after the coronary angiographic study to determine liver fibrosis, a measurement of liver stiffness (> 6.5 Kpa). Fisher's test, Mann-Whitney U test, and logistic regression models were used (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The study included 113 patients (76% men, average age: 63 years [standard deviation: 9.9]), of which 72% presented with significant CHD. The prevalence rate of MASLD was 52%. Liver fibrosis was present in 12% of the patients and all patients in the significant CHD group (p = 0.007). An increase in the number of vessels with significant CHD increased the probability of liver fibrosis (odds ratio, 1.79; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-3.04; p = 0.029). CONCLUSIONS: MASLD is highly prevalent in patients with significant CHD but without known liver damage. These data suggest that MASLD and liver fibrosis should be investigated in patients with CHD. The presence of confounding variables, especially the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus, should be evaluated in further studies.
Assuntos
Angiografia Coronária , Doença da Artéria Coronariana , Cirrose Hepática , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Cirrose Hepática/epidemiologia , Cirrose Hepática/diagnóstico por imagem , Cirrose Hepática/complicações , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença da Artéria Coronariana/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Idoso , Prevalência , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/epidemiologia , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/complicações , Hepatopatia Gordurosa não Alcoólica/diagnóstico por imagem , Técnicas de Imagem por Elasticidade , Fígado Gorduroso/diagnóstico por imagem , Fígado Gorduroso/epidemiologia , Fígado Gorduroso/complicações , Estenose Coronária/diagnóstico por imagem , Estenose Coronária/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Most cardiovascular (CV) events stem from modifiable risk factors, but it remains uncertain whether their impact on mortality has decreased in recent years as a result of treatment, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. We evaluated the temporal trends in the population attributable fraction (PAF) of modifiable risk factors to CV mortality in patients undergoing myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) for suspected coronary artery disease in a large city in Brazil. METHODS: The cohort comprised 25,127 patients without established CV disease undergoing MPI in a referral center in Curitiba, Brazil, from 2010 to 2018. Baseline demographic, clinical and risk factors were prospectively collected. Modifiable risk factors encompassed hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and smoking. The primary outcome was CV death occurring up to 4 years of follow-up. The PAF of each risk factor was calculated for each triennium using multivariable Cox proportional regression models, adjusting for age, sex and family history of premature coronary disease. RESULTS: Over 9 years, there were 1438 deaths, 444 due to CV causes. In the first triennium, sedentary lifestyle exhibited the highest PAF (49%) for CV death, followed by hypertension (17%), diabetes mellitus (8%) and smoking habit (6%). The PAF for all risk factors combined remained relatively stable thorough the triennia (2010-2012: 57% vs 2013-2015: 64% vs 2016-2018: 47%, p = NS). CONCLUSION: In this large cohort of patients referred to MPI, the PAF of modifiable CV risk factors did not diminish in the last decade, with sedentary lifestyle having the largest contribution for CV mortality. CONDENSED ABSTRACT: This study examinated temporal trends in the impact of modifiable cardiovascular (CV) risk factors on CV and overall mortality in a cohort of 25,127 patients undergoing myocardial perfusion imaging from 2010 to 2018. Sedentary behavior consistently had the greatest impact on both CV and overall mortality, followed by hypertension and diabetes. Smoking had a lesser effect, while obesity showed no independent association with the outcomes. The contributions of these modifiable CV risk factors remained stable over the study period, suggesting that interventions promoting physical activity may be essential in mitigating the burden of CV disease.