RESUMO
This study sought to analyze whether an accurate diagnosis of the type and subtype of hepatic Glycogen Storage Diseases (GSDs) could be performed based on general clinical and biochemical aspects via comparing the proposed diagnostic hypotheses with the molecular results. Twelve physicians with experience in hepatic GSDs reviewed 45 real cases comprising a standardized summary of clinical and laboratory data. There was no relation between the hit rate and the time since graduation, the time of experience in GSD, and the number of patients treated during their careers. The average assertiveness was 47%, with GSD Ia and Ib being the best-identified types, while no expert correctly identified GSD IXc. Underage investigation for later manifestations, incomplete clinical description, and complementary analysis, the overvaluation of a specific clinical finding ("false positive") or the discarding of the diagnosis in the absence of it ("false negative"), as well as the lack of knowledge of the rarest GSD types, may have impacted the accuracy of the assessment. This study emphasized that characteristics considered as determinants in identifying the specific types or subtypes of GSD are not exclusive, thus becoming factors that may have induced the evaluators to misdiagnose.
Assuntos
Doença de Depósito de Glicogênio Tipo I , Doença de Depósito de Glicogênio , Humanos , Prova Pericial , Doença de Depósito de Glicogênio/diagnóstico , Doença de Depósito de Glicogênio/genética , Doença de Depósito de Glicogênio Tipo I/diagnóstico , Técnicas de Diagnóstico MolecularAssuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Lactente , Doença de Depósito de Glicogênio/complicações , Doença de Depósito de Glicogênio/diagnóstico , Doença de Depósito de Glicogênio/tratamento farmacológico , Corticosteroides/uso terapêutico , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/complicações , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/diagnóstico , Doenças Pulmonares Intersticiais/tratamento farmacológico , Cardiopatias Congênitas/complicações , Cardiopatias Congênitas/diagnósticoRESUMO
Introducción: Gracias a la nueva herramienta de tratamiento con la terapia de reemplazo enzimático en la enfermedad de Pompe, se ha reducido la mortalidad a corto plazo. Contenidos: Esta herramienta permite a los pacientes mantener la independencia funcional y la adaptación de las habilidades motrices para su participación en varios aspectos de la vida diaria. Conclusiones: El abordaje de estos pacientes debe ser multidisciplinario, para dar un manejo integral a la condición clínica de cada individuo, y procurar el tratamiento de los sistemas físicos y emocionales que se pueden ver alterados con el curso de la enfermedad: osteomuscular, cardiovascular y respiratorio, deglución, lenguaje, nutrición y psicológico, incluidos los cuidados paliativos y el manejo del dolor.
Introduction: Enzyme replacement therapy in Pompe disease reduces short-term mortality. Contents: This therapy allows patients to maintain functional independence and adaptation of motor skills for patient participation in various aspects of daily life. Conclusions: The approach with this patients should be multidisciplinary to provide comprehensive management of the clinical condition of each individual seeking treatment of the physical and emotional aspects that may be altered in the disease progression: musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, respiratory, swallowing, language, nutritional and psychological; also including palliative care and pain management.
Assuntos
Reabilitação , Doença de Depósito de Glicogênio Tipo II , Desempenho Físico Funcional , Equipe de Assistência ao Paciente , Doença de Depósito de GlicogênioRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to evaluate the body composition of hepatic glycogen storage disorders (GSDs) through dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. METHODS: This was an exploratory, observational, cross-sectional study. Twenty-four patients with GSD (type Ia: n = 13, Ib: n = 5, III: n = 2, and IX-α/ß/γ: n = 4; female sex: n = 13; age <8 y: n = 3, 8-19 y: n = 14, and >19 y: n = 7) were included. Three-day dietary records were collected in the week preceding dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Body composition findings were correlated with clinical parameters, uncooked cornstarch (UCCS) regimen, dietary intake, and markers of treatment adherence. RESULTS: An elevated fat mass (FM) index was found in 16 of 21 patients (age 8-19 y: n = 10 and >19 y: n = 6; GSD type Ia: n = 12, Ib: n = 2, III: n = 1, and IX-γ: n = 1). A lean mass (LM) index evaluation showed no LM deficits in relation to corresponding reference populations. Relative skeletal muscle index values were decreased in 2 of 7 adult patients (type Ib: n = 1 and IX-α: n = 1). UCCS (g/d) correlated positively with the FM index (rs = 0.7; P ≤ 0.01). In contrast, relative UCCS intake (g/kg body weight) was negatively associated with LM/kg (rs = -0.8; P ≤ 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest a high frequency of elevated FM in patients with hepatic GSDs. We also suggest that treatment with UCCS is associated with excess weight in these patients. Additionally, the treatment strategy can impair protein intake, and lead to a decrease in LM.
Assuntos
Composição Corporal , Doença de Depósito de Glicogênio , Adulto , Humanos , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Estudos Transversais , Absorciometria de Fóton , AmidoRESUMO
The association between bone mineral density (BMD) and hepatic glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) is still unclear. To evaluate the BMD of patients with GSD I, IIIa and IXα, a cross-sectional study was performed, including 23 patients (GSD Ia = 13, Ib = 5, IIIa = 2 and IXα = 3; median age = 11.9 years; IQ = 10.9-20.1) who underwent a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Osteocalcin (OC, n = 18), procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP, n = 19), collagen type 1 C-terminal telopeptide (CTX, n = 18) and 25-OH Vitamin D (n = 23) were also measured. The participants completed a 3-day food diary (n = 20). Low BMD was defined as a Z-score ≤ -2.0. All participants were receiving uncooked cornstarch (median dosage = 6.3 g/kg/day) at inclusion, and 11 (47.8%) presented good metabolic control. Three (13%) patients (GSD Ia = 1, with poor metabolic control; IIIa = 2, both with high CPK levels) had a BMD ≤ -2.0. CTX, OC and P1NP correlated negatively with body weight and age. 25-OH Vitamin D concentration was decreased in seven (30.4%) patients. Our data suggest that patients with hepatic GSDs may have low BMD, especially in the presence of muscular involvement and poor metabolic control. Systematic nutritional monitoring of these patients is essential.
Assuntos
Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/epidemiologia , Doença de Depósito de Glicogênio/epidemiologia , Hepatopatias/epidemiologia , Absorciometria de Fóton , Adolescente , Adulto , Densidade Óssea , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/sangue , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Colágeno Tipo I/sangue , Comorbidade , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Doença de Depósito de Glicogênio/sangue , Humanos , Hepatopatias/sangue , Masculino , Osteocalcina/sangue , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/sangue , Pró-Colágeno/sangue , Vitamina D/sangue , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Glycogen storage diseases (GSD) are rare diseases derived from altered glycogen metabolism. This leads to glycogen storage in different organs such as muscle, kidney, and liver, resulting in a variety of clinical manifestations. GSD with liver involvement are classified into types I, III, IV, VI, and IX, depending on the enzymes affected. They are clinically characterized by hypoglycemia and hepato megaly as cardinal signs. Their diagnosis is initially based on clinical manifestations and laboratory test results. Nevertheless, diagnostic certainty requires a genetic study that identifies the specific mutation. Multiple mutations have been associated with each GSD. In Chile, since patients often lack the genetic study, the GSD genetic local characteristics are unknown. The treatment is based on dietary restrictions modulated according to the identified mutation. Today, the international consen sus indicates that early diagnosis allows better metabolic control and improves the patient's quality of life and prognosis. In this review, the information on GSD with liver involvement is updated to optimize the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of these patients, emphasizing specific nutritional and gastroenterological management.
Assuntos
Doença de Depósito de Glicogênio , Hepatopatias , Diagnóstico Precoce , Marcadores Genéticos , Testes Genéticos , Doença de Depósito de Glicogênio/diagnóstico , Doença de Depósito de Glicogênio/genética , Doença de Depósito de Glicogênio/terapia , Humanos , Hepatopatias/congênito , Hepatopatias/diagnóstico , Hepatopatias/genética , Hepatopatias/terapia , Transplante de Fígado , Mutação , Terapia NutricionalRESUMO
Glycogen storage diseases (GSD) encompass a group of rare inherited diseases due dysfunction of glycogen metabolism. Hypoglycemia is the most common primary manifestation of GSD, and disturbances in glucose metabolism can cause neurological damage. The aims of this study were to first investigate the metabolic, genetic, and neurological profiles of children with GSD, and to test the hypothesis whether GSD type I would have greater neurological impact than GSD type IX. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 12 children diagnosed with GSD [Types: Ia (n=5); 1, Ib (n=1); 4, IXa (n=5); and 1, IXb (n=1)]. Genetic testing was conducted for the following genes using multigene panel analysis. The biochemical data and magnetic resonance imaging of the brain presented by the patients were evaluated. The criteria of adequate metabolic control were adopted based on the European Study on Glycogen Storage Disease type I consensus. Pathogenic mutations were identified using multigene panel analyses. The mutations and clinical chronology were related to the disease course and neuroimaging findings. Adequate metabolic control was achieved in 67% of patients (GSD I, 43%; GSD IX, 100%). Fourteen different mutations were detected, and only two co-occurring mutations were observed across families (G6PC c.247C>T and c.1039C>T). Six previously unreported variants were identified (5 PHKA2; 1 PHKB). The proportion of GSD IX was higher in our cohort compared to other studies. Brain imaging abnormalities were more frequent among patients with GSD I, early-symptom onset, longer hospitalization, and inadequate metabolic control. The frequency of mutations was similar to that observed among the North American and European populations. None of the mutations observed in PHKA2 have been described previously. Therefore, current study reports six GSD variants previously unknown, and neurological consequences of GSD I. The principal neurological impact of GSD appeared to be related to inadequate metabolic control, especially hypoglycemia.
Assuntos
Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença de Depósito de Glicogênio/diagnóstico por imagem , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Doença de Depósito de Glicogênio/genética , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , MutaçãoRESUMO
Adult polyglucosan body disease (APBD) represents a complex autosomal recessive inherited neurometabolic disorder due to homozygous or compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in GBE1 gene, resulting in deficiency of glycogen-branching enzyme and secondary storage of glycogen in the form of polyglucosan bodies, involving the skeletal muscle, diaphragm, peripheral nerve (including autonomic fibers), brain white matter, spinal cord, nerve roots, cerebellum, brainstem and to a lesser extent heart, lung, kidney, and liver cells. The diversity of new clinical presentations regarding neuromuscular involvement is astonishing and transformed APBD in a key differential diagnosis of completely different clinical conditions, including axonal and demyelinating sensorimotor polyneuropathy, progressive spastic paraparesis, motor neuronopathy presentations, autonomic disturbances, leukodystrophies or even pure myopathic involvement with limb-girdle pattern of weakness. This review article aims to summarize the main clinical, biochemical, genetic, and diagnostic aspects regarding APBD with special focus on neuromuscular presentations.
Assuntos
Sistema da Enzima Desramificadora do Glicogênio/genética , Doença de Depósito de Glicogênio/genética , Doença de Depósito de Glicogênio/fisiopatologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/genética , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Encéfalo/patologia , Doença de Depósito de Glicogênio/patologia , Humanos , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso/patologia , Nervos Periféricos/patologia , Fenótipo , Medula Espinal/patologiaRESUMO
The glycogen storage diseases contain a range of diseases that are characterized by the abnormal storage or utilization of glycogen, the organs most affected being muscle and / or liver. Hepatomegaly may be a clinical sign that could guide to the diagnosis. We describe a 15-year-old patient with hepatomegaly, hypertransaminasemia and growth retardation. He was diagnosed with a glycogen storage disease by liver biopsy.
Assuntos
Doença de Depósito de Glicogênio/diagnóstico , Hepatopatias/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Doença de Depósito de Glicogênio/fisiopatologia , Hepatomegalia/diagnóstico , Hepatomegalia/etiologia , Humanos , Hepatopatias/fisiopatologia , MasculinoRESUMO
RESUMEN Las glucogenosis abarcan un rango de enfermedades que se caracterizan por el almacenamiento o utilización anormal del glucógeno, siendo los órganos más afectados el músculo y/o el hígado. La hepatomegalia puede ser un signo clínico que guie al diagnóstico. Describimos a un paciente de 15 años de edad con hepatomegalia, hipertransaminasemia y retraso del crecimiento, a quien se le diagnosticó glucogenosis por biopsia hepática.
ABSTRACT The glycogen storage diseases contain a range of diseases that are characterized by the abnormal storage or utilization of glycogen, the organs most affected being muscle and / or liver. Hepatomegaly may be a clinical sign that could guide to the diagnosis. We describe a 15-year-old patient with hepatomegaly, hypertransaminasemia and growth retardation. He was diagnosed with a glycogen storage disease by liver biopsy.