RESUMO
Ultrasonography is commonly used to examine testes as part of a breeding soundness examination in sheep, especially, in cases of infertility or when gross testicular abnormalities are present. A descriptive, prospective, prevalence study was conducted to characterize the ultrasonographic, histopathologic, and spermatozoal morphology abnormalities present in a group of yearling tropic hair rams on the island of St. Kitts. Hyperechoic and shadowing abnormalities increased over a 6 month study period. Hyperechoic abnormalities were present in one or both testes in 89% (25/28) of yearling rams and 71% (40/56) of testes at castration. Shadowing abnormalities were present in one or both testes in 46% (13/28) of rams and 34% (19/56) of testes at castration. Shadowing was present more with moderate and severe hyperechoic abnormalities, with few testes in the mild category having any shadowing. As hyperechoic and shadowing abnormalities increased in severity, so did the severity of microscopic lesions including increased interstitial cellularity/fibrosis, interstitial mineralization, seminiferous tubules mineralization (hyperechoic only), and chronic lymphoplasmacytic orchitis. There were no spermatozoal morphologic abnormalities other than an increase in distal cytoplasmic droplets. The study findings detail a pathologic event in this group of yearling rams that has an unknown etiology. Potential causes may include scrotal insulation, trauma, infectious causes, immunity alterations, nutritional imbalances, and ingestion of a toxin. Further studies are required to elucidate the causative agent.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Ovinos/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Testiculares/veterinária , Testículo/diagnóstico por imagem , Animais , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , São Cristóvão e Névis/epidemiologia , Ovinos , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/patologia , Carneiro Doméstico/anormalidades , Espermatozoides/citologia , Doenças Testiculares/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Testiculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Testiculares/patologia , Testículo/anormalidades , Testículo/patologia , Ultrassonografia/veterináriaRESUMO
Dioctophymosis is a parasitic disease occasioned by the so-called "giant kidney worm", Dioctophyme renale, a nematode with an indirect life cycle. This parasite's definitive host is the mink, Mustela vison, though numerous wild and domestic mammals as well as man can serve as final hosts. The worms also can be in ectopic locations in the body. We surveyed 692 canines by ecography, urine sampling, surgery, necropsy, and clinical examination and diagnosed 244 cases of dioctophymosis (35.3%). Of the cases of dioctophymosis identified, 30.7% were obtained by ecography, 45.9% by urinalysis, and 17.6% by both those techniques -in addition to positive findings through surgery (2.5%), necropsy (2.5%), and the spontaneous elimination of the parasites (0.8%). Cases of dioctophymosis were observed in animals as young as 4months of age up to 15years. The frequency of D. renale diagnosis throughout the sampling period varied significantly. There was a statistically significant association between risk factors (swimming in the river, eating frogs, fish or eels, drinking ditch water) and the prevalence of infection. It was discussed the period missing after infection in canines.
Assuntos
Dioctophymatoidea , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Infecções por Enoplida/veterinária , Animais , Argentina , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/cirurgia , Cães , Infecções por Enoplida/epidemiologia , Infecções por Enoplida/parasitologia , Infecções por Enoplida/cirurgia , Feminino , Inundações , Nefropatias/epidemiologia , Nefropatias/parasitologia , Nefropatias/veterinária , Masculino , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Rios , Doenças Testiculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Testiculares/parasitologia , Doenças Testiculares/veterináriaRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of testicular microlithiasis among pediatric patients with inguinoscrotal affections. METHODS: Between January 2005 and January 2010, we evaluated, prospectively 1504 children ranging from 1 to 15 years with inguinoscrotal affections with a high-frequency ultrasound system, which employs a 10-MHz transducer. RESULTS: Testicular microlithiasis was identified in 20 testes of eleven children (0.71 percent of 1504 patients evaluated), through an ultrasound scan. Testicular microlithiasis was found in 5 children with cryptorchidism (3.93 percent of 127 patients), 4 children with retractile testes (14.8 percent of 27 patients), 1 child with a hypotrophic testis (100 percent of 1 patient), and 1 child with inguinal hernia (0.07 percent of 1349 patients). The children with testicular microlithiasis were submitted to annual physical examinations and ultrasound evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: Testicular microlithiasis was a rare condition and occurred in 0.7 percent of the subjects studied. The association with cryptorchidism, retractile and hypotrophic testis was significant.
OBJETIVO: Avaliar a prevalência de microlitíase testicular entre pacientes pediátricos com afecções inguinoescrotais. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo entre janeiro de 2005 a janeiro de 2010, utilizando ultrasonografia escrotal em 1504 crianças (de 1 a 15 anos) com afecções inguinoescrotais. RESULTADOS: Microlitíase testicular foi identificada em 20 testículos de 11 crianças (0,71 por cento dos 1504 pacientes). 5 crianças com criptorquidia (3,93 por cento de 127 pacientes), 4 com testículo retrátil (14,8 por cento de 27 pacientes), 1 com hipotrofia testicular e 1 com hérnia inguinal (0,07 por cento de 1349 crianças). As crianças foram avaliadas anualmente com exame físico e ultrassonografia inguinoescrotal. CONCLUSÕES: A microlitíase testicular é uma entidade rara, ocorrendo em 0,7 por cento dos pacientes pediátricos com afecções inguinoescrotais. A associação com a criptorquidia, testículo retrátil e a hipotrofia testicular foi significativa.
Assuntos
Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Litíase/epidemiologia , Doenças Testiculares/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criptorquidismo/complicações , Seguimentos , Hérnia Inguinal/complicações , Litíase/complicações , Litíase , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Doenças Testiculares/complicações , Doenças Testiculares , Testículo/patologia , TestículoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To evaluate the prevalence of testicular microlithiasis among pediatric patients with inguinoscrotal affections. METHODS: Between January 2005 and January 2010, we evaluated, prospectively 1504 children ranging from 1 to 15 years with inguinoscrotal affections with a high-frequency ultrasound system, which employs a 10-MHz transducer. RESULTS: Testicular microlithiasis was identified in 20 testes of eleven children (0.71% of 1504 patients evaluated), through an ultrasound scan. Testicular microlithiasis was found in 5 children with cryptorchidism (3.93% of 127 patients), 4 children with retractile testes (14.8% of 27 patients), 1 child with a hypotrophic testis (100% of 1 patient), and 1 child with inguinal hernia (0.07% of 1349 patients). The children with testicular microlithiasis were submitted to annual physical examinations and ultrasound evaluations. CONCLUSIONS: Testicular microlithiasis was a rare condition and occurred in 0.7% of the subjects studied. The association with cryptorchidism, retractile and hypotrophic testis was significant.
Assuntos
Litíase/epidemiologia , Doenças Testiculares/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Criptorquidismo/complicações , Seguimentos , Hérnia Inguinal/complicações , Humanos , Lactente , Litíase/complicações , Litíase/diagnóstico por imagem , Masculino , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Doenças Testiculares/complicações , Doenças Testiculares/diagnóstico por imagem , Testículo/diagnóstico por imagem , Testículo/patologia , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
El presente estudio presenta a la fluxión funiculotesticular (FFT) como la complicación más frecuente de la herniorrafia inguinal, destacando que es poco mencionada en publicaciones sobre el tema a nivel internacional. El objetivo del presente estudio es dar a conocer la frecuencia de esta complicación en los pacientes intervenidos en el Centro de Referencia de Salud (CRS) Cordillera, analizar sus manifestaciones clínicas y su etiopatogenia. El estudio observacional, descriptivo, prospectivo se realizó en 304 varones portadores de hernia inguinal derivados desde los consultorios de las comunas de Peñalolén y Macul al CRS Cordillera Oriente. Los pacientes fueron intervenidos consecutivamente con anestesia local y técnicas quirúrgicas estándar y en forma ambulatoria. El control postoperatorio lo realizó un miembro del equipo quirúrgico a la semana y al mes de la intervención buscando dirigidamente signos de FFT. Ésta se encontró en 22 por ciento siendo severa en el 2,5 por ciento de los casos. Esta frecuencia fue similar para hernias directas e indirectas. La FFT fue significativamente mayor en las hernias recidivadas, las inguinoescrotales y en los casos en los que se instaló una malla. Esta complicación pone en evidencia una cadena de hechos que se inician con el trauma quirúrgico producto de la disección necesaria en una herniorrafia inguinal que produce inflamación, congestión venosa y linfática. En casos más graves puede producirse trombosis venosa y eventualmente daño isquémico del testículo.
Background: A complication of inguinal hernia repair that is seldom mentioned is spermatic cord and testicular swelling. Aim: To study the frequency of this complication, its clinical manifestations and to analyze its pathogenesis. Material and Methods: A descriptive observational, prospective study in 304 men (aged 15 to 89 years), subjected to an inguinal hernia repair. Operation was performed under local anesthesia in an ambulatory basis, with standard surgical techniques. The postoperative assessment was done by a member of the surgical staff one week and one month after surgery. Results: A mild or moderate swelling occurred in 19.5 percent of patients and a large, severe spermatic cord and testicular swelling developed in 2.5 percent of the cases. The frequency was similar in patients with direct or indirect hernias. Those with recurrent hernias, with hernias growing into the scrotum or that required a mesh for hernia repair, had a significantly higher frequency of spermatic cord and testicular swelling. No patient developed testicular ischemia. Conclusions: Spermatic cord and testicular swelling is the consequence of the dissection required for hernia repair, that is followed by a variable grade of damage to the tissues, inflammation, venous and lymphatic congestion and edema. In seldom occasions venous thrombosis and testicular damage may take place.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/etiologia , Doenças Testiculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Testiculares/etiologia , Hérnia Inguinal/cirurgia , Chile/epidemiologia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Doenças Testiculares/diagnóstico , Estudos ProspectivosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To prospectively determine the prevalence of testicular microlithiasis in symptomatic patients who were referred for scrotal ultrasound examination and to evaluate the possible association of testicular microlithiasis with testicular cancer and other conditions such as cryptorchidism or history of ascending testis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 391 men who were referred to our institutions between July 2002 and May 2005 for any type of symptoms from the testicles, underwent physical and scrotal ultrasound examination. The presence of testicular microlithiasis, the number of lesions and the involvement of both testicles in relation to the symptoms as well as the coexistence of other lesions were studied. RESULTS: Eighteen (4.6%) of 391 men enrolled into the study had testicular microlithiasis. Two out of the eighteen patients (11%) had concomitant testicular cancer, which was confirmed by pathological evaluation of the orchidectomy specimen. One of the patients with testicular microlithiasis presented a rising in biochemical tumor markers (LDH, and HCG) and underwent orchidectomy one year later. Five of the remaining 373 (1.3%) patients without microlithiasis were diagnosed with testicular cancer. Thirty six men reported having a history of ascending testis, but none of them was found with testicular cancer. Two cases of testicular torsion in a cryptorchid position had testicular microlithiasis, but the orchidectomy specimen (after surgery) was negative for testicular cancer. The correlation between testicular cancer and testicular microlithiasis found in our study was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: There seems to be an association between testicular microlithiasis and testicular cancer.
Assuntos
Criptorquidismo/complicações , Litíase/complicações , Escroto , Neoplasias Testiculares/complicações , Adulto , Idoso , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análise , Gonadotropina Coriônica/análise , Criptorquidismo/diagnóstico por imagem , Criptorquidismo/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactato Desidrogenases/análise , Litíase/diagnóstico por imagem , Litíase/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Orquiectomia , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Escroto/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Testiculares/complicações , Doenças Testiculares/diagnóstico por imagem , Doenças Testiculares/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/diagnóstico por imagem , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of and risk factors for pathological conditions of the reproductive organs in stray dogs under tropical conditions. Three hundred and eighteen dogs were examined post-mortem in the period from 1 July 2002 to 30 June 2003. Before killing, a blood sample (from the cephalic vein) for testosterone assay was taken. Pathological conditions of the reproductive organs were found in 135 of the dogs (42.5%) and in 175 of the testes (64.8%). The most frequent pathologies found were testicular degeneration, cryptorchidism, testicular hypoplasia and testicular tumours (in 15.1%, 6.6%, 6.6% and 5.4% of the dogs and 15.1, 4.6, 6.0 and 3.5 of the testes, respectively). Transmissible venereal tumour (TVT) was seen in 5.4% of the dogs. Testicular degeneration was more common in old dogs and underweight dogs (p < 0.05). Testicular tumours were 14.3 times more common in cryptorchid dogs. Age was another important factor for the development of testicular tumours (p < 0.05). Lower levels of testosterone concentration (p < 0.05) were observed in dogs with advanced testicular degeneration (0.7 +/- 0.8 nM), dogs with hypoplastic testicles (0.8 +/- 0.9 nM) and dogs with one degenerated and one retained testis or with bilateral cryptorchidism (1.2 +/- 0.9 nM) compared to dogs with one or two normal testes (7.0 +/- 5.5 nM). Testicular volume and weight were significantly lower in degenerated, hypoplastic and retained testes compared with the contralateral normal testis. Some spermatogenic activity was found in three of the retained testes, producing oligozoospermic smears with a high percentage of sperm abnormalities. No comparable epidemiological data about male pathological conditions of the reproductive organs in the dog is available. The prevalence found in this study, yet, appears high.
Assuntos
Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/patologia , Doenças Testiculares/veterinária , Neoplasias Testiculares/veterinária , Testosterona/sangue , Fatores Etários , Animais , Criptorquidismo/epidemiologia , Criptorquidismo/patologia , Criptorquidismo/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/sangue , Cães , Masculino , México/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Fatores de Risco , Espermatozoides/anormalidades , Doenças Testiculares/sangue , Doenças Testiculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Testiculares/patologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/sangue , Neoplasias Testiculares/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/patologia , Clima TropicalRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Testicular microlithiasis (TM) occurs with benign as well as with pathological conditions, such as testicular cancer. Since Down syndrome (DS) may be associated with increased frequency of testicular cancer, we determined the prevalence of TM in DS in patients from a DS clinic and evaluated the prevalence by age group. STUDY DESIGN: We compared results of research scrotal ultrasounds obtained from 1998 to 2001 from 92 Latino patients with DS (ages newborn to 29.7 years) and clinical ultrasounds obtained from 1998 to 2004 from 200 Latino patients without DS (ages newborn to 18.3 years). We also reviewed the medical records. RESULTS: The prevalence of TM in DS was 29%, significantly higher than the 7% found in patients without DS (P < .0001). Twenty of the 27 patients with DS and TM had no testicular pathology clinically or by history. The TM prevalence in the entire group of patients with and without DS increased with advancing age. CONCLUSIONS: We found a significantly increased prevalence of TM in DS. The clinical significance of TM needs to be investigated further.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Down/epidemiologia , Litíase/epidemiologia , Doenças Testiculares/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Biópsia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Seguimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Litíase/diagnóstico , Masculino , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Escroto/diagnóstico por imagem , Túbulos Seminíferos/patologia , Doenças Testiculares/diagnóstico , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To prospectively determine the prevalence of testicular microlithiasis in symptomatic patients who were referred for scrotal ultrasound examination and to evaluate the possible association of testicular microlithiasis with testicular cancer and other conditions such as cryptorchidism or history of ascending testis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 391 men who were referred to our institutions between July 2002 and May 2005 for any type of symptoms from the testicles, underwent physical and scrotal ultrasound examination. The presence of testicular microlithiasis, the number of lesions and the involvement of both testicles in relation to the symptoms as well as the coexistence of other lesions were studied. RESULTS: Eighteen (4.6 percent) of 391 men enrolled into the study had testicular microlithiasis. Two out of the eighteen patients (11 percent) had concomitant testicular cancer, which was confirmed by pathological evaluation of the orchidectomy specimen. One of the patients with testicular microlithiasis presented a rising in biochemical tumor markers (LDH, and HCG) and underwent orchidectomy one year later. Five of the remaining 373 (1.3 percent) patients without microlithiasis were diagnosed with testicular cancer. Thirty six men reported having a history of ascending testis, but none of them was found with testicular cancer. Two cases of testicular torsion in a cryptorchid position had testicular microlithiasis, but the orchidectomy specimen (after surgery) was negative for testicular cancer. The correlation between testicular cancer and testicular microlithiasis found in our study was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: There seems to be an association between testicular microlithiasis and testicular cancer.
Assuntos
Adulto , Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Criptorquidismo/complicações , Litíase/complicações , Escroto , Neoplasias Testiculares/complicações , Gonadotropina Coriônica/análise , Criptorquidismo/epidemiologia , Criptorquidismo , Lactato Desidrogenases/análise , Litíase/epidemiologia , Litíase , Orquiectomia , Prevalência , Estudos Prospectivos , Escroto , Doenças Testiculares/complicações , Doenças Testiculares/epidemiologia , Doenças Testiculares , Neoplasias Testiculares , Biomarcadores Tumorais/análiseRESUMO
Reported herein is the first Brazilian case of epididymal involvement by South American blastomycosis, and apparently the second case to be reported in the world literature.