RESUMO
Itraconazole (ITZ) is the most used drug to treat feline sporotrichosis; however, little is known about its pharmacokinetics in cats with this mycosis. The aim of this study was to determine plasma ITZ concentrations in cats with sporotrichosis treated with ITZ as monotherapy or in combination with potassium iodide (KI). Cats diagnosed with sporotrichosis received orally ITZ (100 mg/cat/day) or combination therapy with ITZ (100 mg/cat/day) and KI (2.5-5 mg/kg/day) in the case of worsening or stagnation of the clinical condition. At each monthly visit, blood samples were collected at an interval of 4 h for analysis of trough and peak plasma ITZ concentrations by HPLC. Clinical features and laboratory parameters were evaluated during follow-up. Sixteen cats were included in the study. The median plasma ITZ concentration of all cats was 0.75 µg/mL. The median plasma ITZ concentration was 0.5 µg/mL in cats that received ITZ monotherapy (n = 12) and 1.0 µg/mL in those treated with ITZ + KI (n = 4). The clinical cure rate was 56.3% (n = 9) and the median treatment duration was 8 weeks. Nine cats (56.3%) developed adverse clinical reactions, and hyporexia was the most frequent (n = 8; 88.9%). Serum alanine aminotransferase was elevated in four cats (25%). The median plasma ITZ concentration detected in cats was considered to be therapeutic (>0.5 µg/mL) and was reached after 4 weeks of treatment. Plasma ITZ concentrations were higher in cats that received ITZ + KI compared to those treated only with ITZ, suggesting pharmacokinetic synergism between these drugs.
Itraconazole is the most common therapy for feline sporotrichosis, and combination therapy with potassium iodide is used in nonresponsive cases. Our study showed that all cats achieved a therapeutic plasma concentration of itraconazole, with higher levels in cats treated with the combination therapy.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos , Doenças do Gato , Itraconazol , Iodeto de Potássio , Esporotricose , Animais , Gatos , Esporotricose/tratamento farmacológico , Esporotricose/veterinária , Esporotricose/sangue , Itraconazol/sangue , Itraconazol/farmacocinética , Itraconazol/administração & dosagem , Itraconazol/uso terapêutico , Doenças do Gato/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças do Gato/sangue , Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Antifúngicos/farmacocinética , Antifúngicos/sangue , Antifúngicos/uso terapêutico , Antifúngicos/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Iodeto de Potássio/uso terapêutico , Iodeto de Potássio/administração & dosagem , Iodeto de Potássio/farmacocinética , Feminino , Resultado do Tratamento , Quimioterapia Combinada , Administração Oral , Plasma/químicaRESUMO
The objective of this study was to investigate the presence and genetic attributes of Borrelia spp. in cats and dogs from the West Azerbaijan Province, located in the northwest of Iran. A total of 250 blood samples from cats and 300 blood samples from dogs were collected, and information regarding their age, sex, breed, ownership status, sampling time and region was recorded. The identification of positive samples was accomplished through nested-PCR and sequencing, with subsequent analysis of the gene sequences conducted using BioEdit software. The gene sequences for Borrelia spp. in this study showed 100% similarity to reference sequences in the GenBank® database. Phylogenetic trees were built using MEGA11. The outcomes indicated that among 250 blood samples from cats, 48 (19.2%) tested positive for Borrelia spp. gene, with a CI from 14.8 to 24.53% for cats. Similarly, out of 300 blood samples from dogs, 45 (15%) tested positive for the Borrelia spp. gene, with a CI from 11.4 to 19.48% for dogs.
Assuntos
Borrelia , Doenças do Gato , Doenças do Cão , Filogenia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Animais , Cães , Irã (Geográfico) , Gatos , Doenças do Cão/microbiologia , Doenças do Cão/sangue , Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Doenças do Gato/sangue , Borrelia/genética , Borrelia/classificação , Borrelia/isolamento & purificação , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/métodos , Feminino , Masculino , Infecções por Borrelia/veterinária , Infecções por Borrelia/microbiologia , DNA Bacteriano/genéticaRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate the blood bacterial microbiota in healthy and febrile cats. High-quality sequencing reads from the 16S rRNA gene variable region V3-V4 were obtained from genomic blood DNA belonging to 145 healthy cats, and 140 febrile cats. Comparisons between the blood microbiota of healthy and febrile cats revealed dominant presence of Actinobacteria, followed by Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, and a lower relative abundance of Bacteroidetes. Upon lower taxonomic levels, the bacterial composition was significantly different between healthy and febrile cats. The families Faecalibacterium and Kineothrix (Firmicutes), and Phyllobacterium (Proteobacteria) experienced increased abundance in febrile samples. Whereas Thioprofundum (Proteobacteria) demonstrated a significant decrease in abundance in febrile. The bacterial composition and beta diversity within febrile cats was different according to the affected body system (Oral/GI, systemic, skin, and respiratory) at both family and genus levels. Sex and age were not significant factors affecting the blood microbiota of febrile cats nor healthy ones. Age was different between young adult and mature adult healthy cats. Alpha diversity was unaffected by any factors. Overall, the findings suggest that age, health status and nature of disease are significant factors affecting blood microbiota diversity and composition in cats, but sex is not.
Assuntos
Microbiota , RNA Ribossômico 16S , Animais , Gatos , RNA Ribossômico 16S/genética , Microbiota/genética , Febre/microbiologia , Febre/sangue , Feminino , Masculino , Bactérias/genética , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Doenças do Gato/sangueRESUMO
Infection and clinical cases of leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania infantum in cats have been increasingly reported in several countries, including Brazil. In this study, we used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an immunochromatographic test (ICT) based on a recombinant antigen (rKDDR-plus) to detect anti-Leishmania antibodies in cats from an animal shelter in northeastern Brazil. We compared the results with an ELISA using L. infantum crude antigen (ELISA-CA). We also investigated the presence of Leishmania DNA in blood or ocular conjunctival samples as well as the association between Leishmania PCR positivity and serological positivity to feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and Toxoplasma gondii. Concerning serological assays, a higher positivity was detected using the ICT-rKDDR-plus (7.5%; 7/93) as compared to ELISA-rKDDR-plus (5.4%; 5/93) and ELISA-CA (4.3%; 4/93). Upon PCR testing, 52.7% (49/93) of the ocular conjunctival swabs and 48.3% (44/91) of the blood samples were positive. Together, PCR and serological testing revealed overall positivities of 73.1% (68/93) and 12.9% (12/93), respectively. Among PCR-positive samples, 45.5% (31/68) showed co-infection with FIV, 17.6% (12/68) with FeLV, and 82.3% (56/68) with T. gondii. More than half of the PCR-positive cats showed at least one clinical sign suggestive of leishmaniasis (58.8%; 40/68) and dermatological signs were the most frequent ones (45.5%; 31/68). Both tests employing the recombinant antigen rKDDR-plus (i.e., ICT-rKDDR-plus and ELISA-rKDDR-plus) detected more positive cats than the ELISA-CA but presented low overall accuracy. PCR testing using either blood or ocular conjunctival samples detected much more positive cats than serological tests.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato , Coinfecção , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Vírus da Imunodeficiência Felina , Leishmania infantum , Vírus da Leucemia Felina , Proteínas Recombinantes , Gatos , Animais , Doenças do Gato/diagnóstico , Doenças do Gato/parasitologia , Doenças do Gato/virologia , Doenças do Gato/sangue , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/veterinária , Vírus da Imunodeficiência Felina/isolamento & purificação , Coinfecção/veterinária , Coinfecção/parasitologia , Coinfecção/epidemiologia , Coinfecção/virologia , Leishmania infantum/isolamento & purificação , Vírus da Leucemia Felina/genética , Vírus da Leucemia Felina/imunologia , Masculino , Feminino , Toxoplasma , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Leishmaniose Visceral/veterinária , Leishmaniose Visceral/diagnóstico , Leishmaniose Visceral/epidemiologia , Leishmaniose Visceral/sangue , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase/veterinária , Toxoplasmose Animal/diagnóstico , Toxoplasmose Animal/epidemiologia , Toxoplasmose Animal/sangueRESUMO
Sporotrichosis zoonotic transmission by cats has obtained hyperendemic magnitude in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Atypical cases, relapses, and reinfections as well as reduced diagnostic sensitivity of conventional methods have been reported. Previously, the anti-SsCBF enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test was shown to be useful as a diagnostic tool for human sporotrichosis. Effective diagnosis and treatment are critical to interrupt the chain of transmission of this major pathogen in Brazilian Public Health. To evaluate its applicability for feline sporotrichosis diagnosis and/or therapeutic follow-up, 15 domestic cats from Rio de Janeiro were clinically and laboratory monitored by cytopathology, culture, Sporothrix genotyping, and anti-SsCBF IgG levels. Subsequently, animals were divided into satisfactory and non-satisfactory therapeutic responders. Averages of antibody serum levels obtained for diagnosis (first consultation) compared with the levels found after follow-up (last consultation) were significantly different in both groups (p = 0.0002 and p = 0.038, respectively). We conclude that the SsCBF ELISA test can predict feline sporotrichosis therapeutic responses even for animals with distinct clinical evolutions.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/tratamento farmacológico , Monitoramento de Medicamentos/métodos , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Sporothrix/efeitos dos fármacos , Esporotricose/veterinária , Animais , Anticorpos Antifúngicos/sangue , Brasil/epidemiologia , Doenças do Gato/sangue , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Doenças do Gato/microbiologia , Gatos , Sporothrix/classificação , Sporothrix/genética , Sporothrix/fisiologia , Esporotricose/tratamento farmacológico , Esporotricose/epidemiologia , Esporotricose/microbiologiaRESUMO
Amylin is a pancreatic hormone cosecreted along with insulin and involved in pancreatic amyloidosis and ß-cell apoptosis in diabetic cats and humans. Amylin is usually elevated in early stages of type 2 diabetes but recently was found to be increased in acute and chronic pancreatitis in humans. Currently, there are little data about feline amylin propensity to fibrillate and no information on circulating levels of this hormone during feline pancreatitis. We compared 4 amylin analogues and found cat amylin to be more prone to amyloid fibrillation than human amylin, the triple-proline analogue pramlintide and rat amylin. We also measured plasma amylin levels in healthy lean cats, diabetic cats, and cats with pancreatitis. Plasma amylin was higher in diabetic cats compared with healthy lean cats (P < 0.001). Interestingly, amylin levels during pancreatitis were higher than those of both lean cats (P < 0.0001) and diabetic cats without pancreatitis (P < 0.005). These data support evidence of feline amylin being more prone to aggregation than human amylin in vitro, which may influence diabetes mellitus progression and ß-cell failure in vivo. Furthermore, our data show an increase in amylin levels during feline pancreatitis and the need for future research on the role of this hormone in the pathogenesis of pancreatic inflammation associated to feline diabetes mellitus.
Assuntos
Doenças do Gato/patologia , Diabetes Mellitus/veterinária , Polipeptídeo Amiloide das Ilhotas Pancreáticas/sangue , Polipeptídeo Amiloide das Ilhotas Pancreáticas/metabolismo , Pancreatite/veterinária , Animais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Doenças do Gato/sangue , Gatos , Diabetes Mellitus/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus/metabolismo , Feminino , Masculino , Pancreatite/sangue , Pancreatite/metabolismo , Agregação Patológica de ProteínasRESUMO
Pancreatic cysts are rare in both humans and animals. They are defined as an enclosed structure externally surrounded by a capsule, internally coated with a cuboidal epithelium and filled with liquid or semi-solid content. This case described the clinical and pathological characteristics of a pancreatic cyst in a feline. A mixed breed cat with a history of recurrent vomiting was attended. Physical examination revealed pain on abdominal palpation. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a cystic, anechoic structure with well-defined edges located in the left cranial abdomen and in close contact with the duodenum and pancreas. Partial pancreatectomy was performed. Microscopically, the structure was surrounded by fibrous material, coated with cuboidal to columnar epithelium, and containing eosinophilic material. Although, pancreatic cyst is rare in animals, they should be included in the differential diagnosis of causes of vomiting in young cats.(AU)
Os cistos epiteliais pancreáticos são raros em humanos e animais, e são definidos como estruturas encapsuladas rodeadas por epitélio cuboidal, preenchido por substância líquida. O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever as características clínico-patológicas de um cisto pancreático verdadeiro em um felino. Foi atendido uma gata sem raça definida com histórico de vômitos recorrentes. No exame físico o animal apresentou dor à palpação abdominal. Na ultrassonografia abdominal, evidenciou-se a presença de uma estrutura cística, anecóica e com bordos bem definidos localizado no abdome cranial esquerdo, em contato com o duodeno e o pâncreas. Foi realizada pancreatectomia parcial. No exame microscópico observou-se estrutura encapsulada, circundado por material fibroso, revestido por epitélio cuboidal a colunar, contendo material eosinofílico. Embora os cistos pancreáticos verdadeiros sejam raros nos animais, eles devem ser incluídos no diagnóstico diferencial de doenças que cursam com vômitos nos gatos.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Feminino , Gatos , Doenças do Gato/sangue , Doenças do Gato/patologia , Pâncreas/patologia , Pancreatectomia/veterináriaRESUMO
Pancreatic cysts are rare in both humans and animals. They are defined as an enclosed structure externally surrounded by a capsule, internally coated with a cuboidal epithelium and filled with liquid or semi-solid content. This case described the clinical and pathological characteristics of a pancreatic cyst in a feline. A mixed breed cat with a history of recurrent vomiting was attended. Physical examination revealed pain on abdominal palpation. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a cystic, anechoic structure with well-defined edges located in the left cranial abdomen and in close contact with the duodenum and pancreas. Partial pancreatectomy was performed. Microscopically, the structure was surrounded by fibrous material, coated with cuboidal to columnar epithelium, and containing eosinophilic material. Although, pancreatic cyst is rare in animals, they should be included in the differential diagnosis of causes of vomiting in young cats.
Os cistos epiteliais pancreáticos são raros em humanos e animais, e são definidos como estruturas encapsuladas rodeadas por epitélio cuboidal, preenchido por substância líquida. O objetivo desse estudo foi descrever as características clínico-patológicas de um cisto pancreático verdadeiro em um felino. Foi atendido uma gata sem raça definida com histórico de vômitos recorrentes. No exame físico o animal apresentou dor à palpação abdominal. Na ultrassonografia abdominal, evidenciou-se a presença de uma estrutura cística, anecóica e com bordos bem definidos localizado no abdome cranial esquerdo, em contato com o duodeno e o pâncreas. Foi realizada pancreatectomia parcial. No exame microscópico observou-se estrutura encapsulada, circundado por material fibroso, revestido por epitélio cuboidal a colunar, contendo material eosinofílico. Embora os cistos pancreáticos verdadeiros sejam raros nos animais, eles devem ser incluídos no diagnóstico diferencial de doenças que cursam com vômitos nos gatos.
Assuntos
Feminino , Animais , Gatos , Doenças do Gato/patologia , Doenças do Gato/sangue , Pancreatectomia/veterinária , Pâncreas/patologiaRESUMO
We evaluated the seroprevalence of Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV) and West Nile virus (WNV) in dogs and cats in Córdoba, Argentina. Monotypic and heterotypic serological patterns were differentiated by means of a neutralization test. The SLEV seroprevalence in dogs was 14.6% (44/302; 100% monotypic). Two out of 94 (2.1%, 100% monotypic) cats were positive for WNV only. Four dogs (1.3%) exhibited neutralizing antibody titers against SLEV and WNV. During the study, three dogs seroconverted to SLEV. Our study demonstrates that pets were useful for detecting viral activity and could be considered as sentinels in the local surveillance of SLEV and WNV.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Doenças do Gato/sangue , Doenças do Cão/sangue , Vírus da Encefalite de St. Louis/imunologia , Encefalite de St. Louis/veterinária , Animais de Estimação/sangue , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/veterinária , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental/imunologia , Animais , Argentina , Doenças do Gato/epidemiologia , Doenças do Gato/virologia , Gatos , Doenças do Cão/epidemiologia , Doenças do Cão/virologia , Cães , Vírus da Encefalite de St. Louis/isolamento & purificação , Encefalite de St. Louis/sangue , Encefalite de St. Louis/epidemiologia , Encefalite de St. Louis/virologia , Animais de Estimação/virologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/sangue , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/epidemiologia , Febre do Nilo Ocidental/virologia , Vírus do Nilo Ocidental/isolamento & purificaçãoRESUMO
Whole transferrin receptor (TfR) is present in reticulocyte exosomes. Soluble transferrin receptor (sTfR) is cleaved from whole TfR in human plasma, with the remnant cytoplasmic domain (cTfR) remaining membrane associated. In humans, sTfR is a biomarker that can detect iron deficiency in the presence of inflammatory disease. This condition is still a diagnostic dilemma in veterinary species. We aimed to (1) confirm the presence of exosomes and exosome-associated TfR in the serum of dogs, cats, and horses; and (2) to assess and compare the proportion of cTfR to total (cTfRâ¯+â¯whole) in exosomal membranes of healthy and diseased dogs and cats and in healthy horses to indirectly predict their anticipated levels of circulating sTfR. We used discarded serum and whole blood samples from canine and feline patients, separated into healthy and diseased groups based on the health status of each patient, and healthy equine participants from a previous study. Ultracentrifugation, followed in some experiments by OptiPrep discontinuous density gradient fractionation, was used to isolate exosomes. Exosomes and associated TfR were identified using TEM and Western blot for TfR, respectively. Densitometry tracings of Western blots of serum exosomes were used to measure the proportion of cTfR to total TfR. Extracellular vesicles compatible with exosomes were successfully isolated and expressed TfR. The proportion of cTfR in dogs was greater than 50%, indicating that a majority of the whole TfR was cleaved to produce sTfR (and remnant cTfR). There was significant interindividual variation and no significant difference between healthy and diseased animals. The proportion of cTfR in cats was very low at 11%, indicating that very little sTfR was likely produced. There was a small yet significant difference between healthy and diseased cats. Healthy horses do not appear to cleave exosome-associated TfR. Diagnosis of iron deficiency in the presence of inflammatory disease remains a challenge in veterinary medicine. Our results indicate that TfR is poorly or unpredictably cleaved in veterinary species, revealing that there are species differences in exosomal TfR handling. These data suggest that development of an assay for the detection and quantification of sTfR in the species investigated may not be warranted.