RESUMO

PURPOSE: To analyze the effects of pain-predicting factors on patients in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU). DESIGN: This is an observational and prospective study. METHODS: This study was conducted at a University Hospital in the state of Minas Gerais (Brazil). To collect data on demographic, clinical, and surgical factors, a collection instrument was devised. The verbal numerical scale was employed to measure pain levels before and after surgery in the PACU. A path analysis was used to assess a predictive model. FINDINGS: A total of 226 patients were included in this study. The incidence of pain in the PACU was 31.9%. A model with demographic, clinical, and surgical variables was tested. The final model, after including modification indices, obtained results that indicated an acceptable data fit (comparative fit index = 0.996; root mean square error of approximation = 0.08). Age (being young), sex (being a woman), oncological diagnosis as an indication for the surgical procedure, type of surgery (surgery of the digestive system), duration of surgery (longer surgeries), and high intraoperative doses of opioids were predictive variables for pain in the PACU. CONCLUSIONS: This study's findings provide support for pain management in the PACU. Furthermore, the results of this research can be used to anticipate the occurrence of acute postoperative pain and personalized perioperative analgesia needs.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Estimado editor: El protocolo de recuperación optimizada Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS)® se inició como un proyecto del autor y del profesor Kenneth Fearon de Edimburgo, en el Reino Unido en 2001.1,2 ERAS® es un conjunto de estrategias multimodales perioperatorias basadas en la evidencia, y cuya finalidad es reducir el estrés metabólico causado por el trauma quirúrgico y por apoyar la recuperación temprana del paciente. Actualmente abarca todas las cirugías abdominales mayores, las de cabeza y cuello, cardíacas y torácicas.3,4) Antes de la llegada de los protocolos ERAS, los grupos quirúrgicos tenían sus propios programas de fast track, consistían en el alivio del dolor, la alimentación y la movilización tempranas y la disminución del estrés con la anestesia regional.3 La Sociedad ERAS® estableció desde el principio que los protocolos por sí solos no eran suficientes para poder aplicarlos en lugar de los cuidados tradicionales, por lo cual se designaron centros de excelencias, encargados de implementar los programas y contribuir a su desarrollo y difusión en la región; ejemplo fiel de ello es el ERAS LatAm,3 capítulo latinoamericano de la Sociedad ERAS, que abarca...(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of postoperative pain after endodontic treatment using low (LC) and high (HC) concentrations of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six databases and the grey literature were searched to identify randomized clinical trials that evaluated postoperative pain after endodontic treatment using NaOCl. NaOCl concentrations were dichotomized into 'LC' (0.5% to 3%) and 'HC' (≥ 5%) and a proportion meta-analysis was applied to determine the postoperative pain prevalence: overall and according to pain intensity and postoperative time. The prevalence of patients using pain control medication was also determined. A significance level of 5% and a random effect model were applied for data analysis. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed by I2 index. Risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Cochrane Risk-of-Bias 2.0 tool. The certainty of evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. RESULTS: Ten studies were included in the review and eight in the meta-analysis. The overall prevalence of postoperative pain was 45% in LC and 39% in HC. The prevalence of pain in LC and HC after 24 h was 25% and 40%, respectively. After 48 h, the prevalence decreased to 10% in LC and 25% in HC. 'Absent pain' was the most prevalent score. The prevalence of patients who used medication was 9% in LC and 15% in HC. Three studies were classified as 'high RoB', five as 'low RoB', and two as 'some concerns'. The certainty of evidence was very low. CONCLUSIONS: The overall prevalence of postoperative pain after endodontic treatment using LC and HC of NaOCl was 45% and 39%, respectively. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Postoperative pain is common after endodontic treatment using NaOCl, but tends to decrease over time.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is a valuable alternative for pain management after video-assisted thoracoscopy surgery (VATS). The incidence of postoperative chronic neuropathic pain (CNP) is high while the quality of life (QoL) after VATS remains unknown. We hypothesised that patients with ESPB would have a low incidence of acute and CNP and would report a good QoL up to three months after VATS. METHODS: We conducted a single-centre prospective pilot cohort study from January to April 2020. ESPB after VATS was the standard practice. The primary outcome was the incidence of CNP three months postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included QoL assessed by the EuroQoL questionnaire three months after surgery and pain control at the Post-Anaesthesia Care Unit (PACU), 12 and 24 hours postoperatively. RESULTS: We conducted a single-centre prospective pilot cohort study from January to April 2020. ESPB after VATS was the standard practice. The primary outcome was the incidence of CNP three months postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included QoL assessed by the EuroQoL questionnaire three months after surgery and pain control at the Post-Anaesthesia Care Unit (PACU), 12 and 24 hours postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: We conducted a single-centre prospective pilot cohort study from January to April 2020. ESPB after VATS was the standard practice. The primary outcome was the incidence of CNP three months postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included QoL assessed by the EuroQoL questionnaire three months after surgery and pain control at the Post-Anaesthesia Care Unit (PACU), 12 and 24 hours postoperatively.

Assuntos

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a prospective, randomized controlled trial (RCT) of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol in an elective spine surgery population. BACKGROUND: Surgical outcomes such as length of stay (LOS), discharge disposition, and opioid utilization greatly contribute to patient satisfaction and societal healthcare costs. ERAS protocols are multimodal, patient-centered care pathways shown to reduce postoperative opioid use, reduced LOS, and improved ambulation; however, prospective ERAS data are limited in spine surgery. METHODS: This single-center, institutional review board-approved, prospective RCT-enrolled adult patients undergoing elective spine surgery between March 2019 and October 2020. Primary outcomes were perioperative and 1-month postoperative opioid use. Patients were randomized to ERAS (n=142) or standard-of-care (SOC; n=142) based on power analyses to detect a difference in postoperative opioid use. RESULTS: Opioid use during hospitalization and the first postoperative month was not significantly different between groups (ERAS 112.2 vs SOC 117.6 morphine milligram equivalent, P =0.76; ERAS 38.7% vs SOC 39.4%, P =1.00, respectively). However, patients randomized to ERAS were less likely to use opioids at 6 months postoperatively (ERAS 11.4% vs SOC 20.6%, P =0.046) and more likely to be discharged to home after surgery (ERAS 91.5% vs SOC 81.0%, P =0.015). CONCLUSION: Here, we present a novel ERAS prospective RCT in the elective spine surgery population. Although we do not detect a difference in the primary outcome of short-term opioid use, we observe significantly reduced opioid use at 6-month follow-up as well as an increased likelihood of home disposition after surgery in the ERAS group.

Assuntos

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Minimally invasive techniques still continue to maintain their popularity in hemorrhoidal disease. In this study, we aimed to present the symptomatic recovery and recurrence rates, post-operative pain levels, and complication rates of patients treated with the laser hemorrhoidoplasty (LHP) method in our clinic. METHODS: The data of patients who underwent LHP due to Grades 2, 3, and 4 internal hemorrhoidal disease in our clinic were reviewed retrospectively. The patients enrolled in the study were followed for at least 6 months (6 months, 1 year, and 2 years) and their results were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 103 patients were included in the study. Seventy-five (72.8%) of them were male and the mean age was 41.6 ± 13.6 years. The mean operation time was 17.9 ± 5.2 min and minor complications developed in 3 (2.9%) patients postoperatively. Mean time to return to normal daily life was 2.17 (1-11) days. Recurrence developed in 16 (17.6%) patients with Grades 2 and 3 disease and in 6 (50%) of 12 patients with Grade 4 disease (p = 0.019). CONCLUSION: LHP is a popular procedure which is effective in selected patient groups with acceptable recurrence rates.

OBJETIVO: Presentar las tasas de recurrencia y recuperación sintomática, los niveles de dolor posoperatorio y las tasas de complicaciones de los pacientes tratados con hemorroidoplastia láser en nuestra clínica. MÉTODO: Los datos de los pacientes que se sometieron a hemorroidoplastia láser debido a enfermedad hemorroidal interna de grados 2, 3 y 4 en nuestra clínica se revisaron retrospectivamente. Los pacientes incluidos en el estudio fueron seguidos durante al menos 6 meses (6 meses, 1 año y 2 años) y se analizaron sus desenlaces. RESULTADOS: Se incluyeron en el estudio 103 pacientes, de los cuales 75 (72.8%) eran de sexo masculino. La edad media fue de 41.6 ± 13.6 años. El tiempo operatorio medio fue de 17.9 ± 5.2 minutos. Se desarrollaron complicaciones menores en 3 (2.9%) pacientes en el posoperatorio. El tiempo medio de reincorporación a la vida diaria normal fue de 2.17 (1-11) días. La recurrencia se observó en 16 (17.6 %) pacientes con enfermedad de grados 2 y 3, y en 6 (50%) de 12 pacientes con enfermedad de grado 4 (p = 0.019). CONCLUSIONES: La hemorroidoplastia láser es un procedimiento popular que es efectivo en grupos de pacientes seleccionados, con tasas de recurrencia aceptables.

Assuntos

RESUMO

Abstract Background The effect of regional analgesia on perioperative infectious complications remains unknown. We therefore tested the hypothesis that a composite of serious infections after colorectal surgery is less common in patients with regional analgesia than in those given Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia (IV-PCA) with opiates. Methods Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery lasting one hour or more under general anesthesia at the Cleveland Clinic Main Campus between 2009 and 2015 were included in this retrospective analysis. Exposures were defined as regional postoperative analgesia with epidurals or Transversus Abdominis Plane blocks (TAP); or IV-PCA with opiates only. The outcome was defined as a composite of in-hospital serious infections, including intraabdominal abscess, pelvic abscess, deep or organ-space Surgical Site Infection (SSI), clostridium difficile, pneumonia, or sepsis. Logistic regression model adjusted for the imbalanced potential confounding factors among the subset of matched surgeries was used to report the odds ratios along with 95% confidence limits. The significance criterion was p < 0.05. Results A total of 7811 patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria of which we successfully matched 681 regional anesthesia patients to 2862 IV-PCA only patients based on propensity scores derived from potential confounding factors. There were 82 (12%) in-hospital postoperative serious infections in the regional analgesia group vs. 285 (10%) in IV-PCA patients. Regional analgesia was not significantly associated with serious infection (odds ratio: 1.14; 95% Confidence Interval 0.87‒1.49; p-value = 0.339) after adjusting for surgical duration and volume of intraoperative crystalloids. Conclusion Regional analgesia should not be selected as postoperative analgesic technique to reduce infections.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The effect of regional analgesia on perioperative infectious complications remains unknown. We therefore tested the hypothesis that a composite of serious infections after colorectal surgery is less common in patients with regional analgesia than in those given Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia (IV-PCA) with opiates. METHODS: Patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery lasting one hour or more under general anesthesia at the Cleveland Clinic Main Campus between 2009 and 2015 were included in this retrospective analysis. Exposures were defined as regional postoperative analgesia with epidurals or Transversus Abdominis Plane blocks (TAP); or IV-PCA with opiates only. The outcome was defined as a composite of in-hospital serious infections, including intraabdominal abscess, pelvic abscess, deep or organ-space Surgical Site Infection (SSI), clostridium difficile, pneumonia, or sepsis. Logistic regression model adjusted for the imbalanced potential confounding factors among the subset of matched surgeries was used to report the odds ratios along with 95% confidence limits. The significance criterion was p < 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 7811 patients met inclusion and exclusion criteria of which we successfully matched 681 regional anesthesia patients to 2862 IV-PCA only patients based on propensity scores derived from potential confounding factors. There were 82 (12%) in-hospital postoperative serious infections in the regional analgesia group vs. 285 (10%) in IV-PCA patients. Regional analgesia was not significantly associated with serious infection (odds ratio: 1.14; 95% Confidence Interval 0.87‒1.49; p-value = 0.339) after adjusting for surgical duration and volume of intraoperative crystalloids. CONCLUSION: Regional analgesia should not be selected as postoperative analgesic technique to reduce infections.

Assuntos

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic approaches to inguinal hernia repair include transabdominal extraperitoneal and transabdominal preperitoneal, both of which are widely performed and employ mesh. Indicators of success for these surgical procedures include incidence of complications, time to return to daily activities, incidence of postoperative chronic pain, and the long-term postoperative patient satisfaction. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate and compare long-term postoperative incidence of chronic pain and overall quality of life among patients undergoing transabdominal extraperitoneal or transabdominal preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair. METHODS: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study. Medical records were analyzed, and the SF-36 questionnaire and Visual Analog Scale were applied to assess quality of life and chronic pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair between January 2017 and February 2021. RESULTS: A total of 167 patients status post laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair, who were 3 months postoperatively or longer, were included in the study. Among the early complications seen, seroma was most common in the transabdominal preperitoneal group (p=0.04). Subsequently, 40 of the initial 167 patients answered to the survey instrument (SF-36 and Visual Analog Scale). Mean patient-reported pain (Visual Analog Scale score) was statistically similar between groups, with 1.29 for transabdominal preperitoneal and 1.68 for transabdominal extraperitoneal (p=0.92). In the domains evaluated by the SF-36, there was no significant difference between the samples. CONCLUSION: Both transabdominal extraperitoneal and transabdominal preperitoneal techniques for hernia repair have similar results in the late postoperative period regarding quality of life and prevalence of chronic pain. They are also comparable in terms of major early postoperative complications, except for seroma, with a higher incidence in patients undergoing transabdominal preperitoneal.

Assuntos

Assuntos