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OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze prenatal diagnosis, perinatal outcomes, and postnatal follow-up in fetuses with ectopia cordis (EC). METHODS: This retrospective analysis accessed 31 patients with EC who were either diagnosed or referred to a tertiary Fetal Medicine centers for EC diagnosis in Brazil, Germany, Italy, and Poland. We analyzed prenatal diagnosis, perinatal outcomes, and follow-up in these patients. RESULTS: Our study included a cohort of 31 fetuses with EC, 4 and 27 of whom had partial and complete protrusion of the heart through a ventral defect in the thoracoabdominal wall, respectively. EC was diagnosed by fetal echocardiography at a mean gestational age of 20.3 ± 8.6 weeks (range, 8-35 weeks). Of the four cases, in which the karyotype was performed, all of them had a normal result (1 - 46,XX and 3 - 46,XY). Five patients showed conotruncal abnormalities and six ventricular septal defects. Termination of pregnancy (TOP) was performed in 15 cases (48%) and seven pregnant women had spontaneous fetal demise (22.5%). Of the seven fetuses that were born alive, four of them died, and three infants underwent surgery. Among these three infants, all of them survived, one was 5 months, 13 years old and 29 years old at the time of study completion. CONCLUSIONS: Ectopia cordis is associated with high mortality rates and intracardiac/extra-cardiac defects. Ventricular septal defects and conotruncal anomalies were the more common intracardiac defects associated with EC. However, in this cohort of fetuses with EC the incidence of PC was lower than reported in the literature.

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Ectopia cordis is a rare congenital defect with high mortality, and it remains challenging to radiologists, neonatologists and surgeons. CT angiography provides key information that aids in the decision-making process for possible surgical intervention. This pictorial essay describes CT angiography features in six neonates with ectopia cordis.

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Abstract Pentalogy of Cantrell (PC) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by changes in the mesodermal median structures and congenital heart disease, often with a poor prognosis. In 1958, Cantrell et al2 defined the full spectrum of the syndrome with the following anomalies: defects of the anterior diaphragm, of the lower part of the sternum, of the supraumbilical region and the abdominal wall, of the diaphragmatic pericardium, and various intracardiac congenital abnormalities. The present report describes a case of ectopia cordis associated with PC and the importance of the participation of a multidisciplinary team in the treatment of this condition.

Resumo A pentalogia de Cantrell (PC) é uma rara anomalia congênita caracterizada por alterações nas estruturas medianas mesodérmicas e doenças cardíacas congênitas, cursando muitas vezes com um mau prognóstico. Em 1958, Cantrell et al2 definiram o espectro completo da síndrome com as seguintes anomalias: defeitos do diafragma anterior, da parte inferior do esterno, da região supraumbilical e parede abdominal, do pericárdio diafragmático, e várias anormalidades congênitas intracardíacas. O presente relato relaciona-se a um caso de ectopia cordis associado à PC e à importância da participação de uma equipe multidisciplinar no acompanhamento da doença.

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Pentalogy of Cantrell (PC) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by changes in the mesodermal median structures and congenital heart disease, often with a poor prognosis. In 1958, Cantrell et al2 defined the full spectrum of the syndrome with the following anomalies: defects of the anterior diaphragm, of the lower part of the sternum, of the supraumbilical region and the abdominal wall, of the diaphragmatic pericardium, and various intracardiac congenital abnormalities. The present report describes a case of ectopia cordis associated with PC and the importance of the participation of a multidisciplinary team in the treatment of this condition.

A pentalogia de Cantrell (PC) é uma rara anomalia congênita caracterizada por alterações nas estruturas medianas mesodérmicas e doenças cardíacas congênitas, cursando muitas vezes com um mau prognóstico. Em 1958, Cantrell et al2 definiram o espectro completo da síndrome com as seguintes anomalias: defeitos do diafragma anterior, da parte inferior do esterno, da região supraumbilical e parede abdominal, do pericárdio diafragmático, e várias anormalidades congênitas intracardíacas. O presente relato relaciona-se a um caso de ectopia cordis associado à PC e à importância da participação de uma equipe multidisciplinar no acompanhamento da doença.

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La pentalogía de Cantrell es una enfermedad muy poco frecuente sobre todo en embarazos múltiples. Está caracterizado por presentar malformaciones integradas por defectos de cinco anomalías: tercio inferior del esternón, defecto epigástrico de la línea media abdominal, alteración del segmento anterior del diafragma, defectos pericárdicos y malformaciones cardiacas. Se reporta un caso en una paciente primigesta de 22 años de edad y embarazo gemelar que acude para su control ecográfico a las 27,3 semanas de gestación, en donde se encuentran los siguientes hallazgos ecográficos: anencefalia, anormalidad facial y corazón fuera de la cavidad torácica. Se da el nacimiento de los gemelos por vía cesárea a las 35 semanas: el primero de aspecto normal y el segundo con Pentalogía de Cantrell y otras malformaciones asociadas.

Pentalogy of Cantrell is a low frequency disease within multiple pregnancy, characterized with malformations with five anomalies defects: lower sternal defect, midline supraumbilical abdominal wall defect, diaphragmatic pericardial defect, anterior diaphragmatic defect and various intracardiac malformations. We report a case in a patient in her first pregnancy of 22 year old, twin pregnancy. She is 27, 3 weeks pregnant, comes for ultrasound control of the gestation, where the following ultrasound results are found: anencephaly, facial abnormalities and the heart out of the chest cavity. The birth of the twins is given via caesarian section at 35 weeks; the first of normal appearance and the second with Pentalogy of Cantrell and other associated malformations

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We review the sonographic features, antenatal course, and perinatal outcomes in 7 cases of ectopia cordis diagnosed in the first trimester. Four cases were associated with a large omphalocele (pentalogy of Cantrell) and 2 with a body stalk anomaly. The remaining fetus had isolated thoracic ectopia cordis. Two pregnancies were terminated; 2 fetuses died in utero; 2 infants died after delivery; and 1 died at 3 months of age. We conclude that the diagnosis of ectopia cordis can easily be established during the first trimester. In agreement with the currently available literature, the prognosis of ectopia cordis in our series was uniformly poor.

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We report the MDCT findings of a 17-month-old girl with Cantrell's pentalogy, a rare congenital disease characterized by several defects in the ventral thoracoabdominal wall including ectopia cordis, and, in this patient, associated with tetralogy of Fallot. This case provides an example of the utility of a wide volume in coverage and high-pitch MDCT scan in the evaluation of complex cardiovascular anatomy in infants with congenital heart disease without the need of an ECG-gating acquisition.

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