RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cross-sectional studies are fundamental studies in the practice of epidemiological science. This article aims to present in detail the methodology for conducting a series of cross-sectional studies, as well as the analysis of data through pooled data. METHODS: The series of studies are population cross-sectional studies, with statewide coverage, searching for representative sample of reproductive aged women and pre-school children in Ceará, Brazil. The sampling plan followed simple random, stratified, systematic and by conglomerates, in sequence. About 300 variables were collected. For each of the individual studies, multivariate data analysis was used to verify associations between dependent variables. For all the studies together, techniques used were trend chi-squared and pooled data analysis using linear mixed modeling procedures. RESULTS: There were 6 studies in sequence, for 30 years. Among other findings, the variables income, maternal education and breastfeeding time proved to be associated with the reduction of malnutrition in children considering all the period (p values 0.013, 0.033 and 0.037, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Cross-sectional studies can be replicated at regular time series following the methodology exposed in this, even for locations with limited resources, ensuring adequate management of decisions of using federal funding aimed at achieving targeted programs to maximize the results obtained with the public resource available.
Assuntos
Transtornos da Nutrição Infantil/epidemiologia , Emaciação/epidemiologia , Transtornos do Crescimento/epidemiologia , Adulto , Brasil/epidemiologia , Aleitamento Materno/estatística & dados numéricos , Saúde da Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Coleta de Dados , Escolaridade , Métodos Epidemiológicos , Feminino , Humanos , Renda/estatística & dados numéricos , Alfabetização , Masculino , Saúde Materna , Metanálise como Assunto , Controle de Qualidade , Apoio à Pesquisa como Assunto , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Data availability on nutrition status from vulnerable population groups is essential for the design and evaluation of interventions. The Ministry of Health from Argentina developed in 2004-2005 the National Survey of Nutrition and Health. Our objective is to describe the nutrition status of infants and preschool children (6-72 months), globally and by region and socioeconomic level. POPULATION AND METHODS: A probabilistic, multistage sample was selected, representative at the national, regional and provincial levels. Anthropometric indices weight/age, height/age and weight/height, were estimated, according to WHO reference. Nutrient intake was estimated by a 24-hours recall, and hemoglobin, serum ferritin, retinol and vitamin D concentration were measured. RESULTS: Prevalence of stunting, wasting and obesity were 8.0%, 1.3%, and 10.4%, respectively. Prevalence of anemia was 16.5% in children <6 years and 35.3% in children aged 6-23 months. Prevalence of subclinical vitamin A deficiency in children of 2-5 years was 14.3%, and prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Patagonia was 2.8% in children aged 6-23 months. Different nutrient intake inadequacies were observed. Infants and children at the lower socioeconomic level showed higher prevalence of nutrition inadequacies. CONCLUSIONS: The coexistence of different nutrition deficiencies and overweight and obesity constitute the main characteristic of Argentinean infants and preschool children. Relevant differences exist according to socio-economic and geographic conditions.
Assuntos
Estado Nutricional , Adolescente , Adulto , Argentina/epidemiologia , Peso Corporal , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Estudos Transversais , Emaciação/epidemiologia , Feminino , Transtornos do Crescimento/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inquéritos Nutricionais , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Se analizaron datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Nutrición de 1988, aplicada en una muestra probabilística de 13 236 viviendas y 7426 menores de cinco años, con representatividad nacional y de cuatro regiones (Norte, Centro, Sur y Distrito Federal), Se obtuvieron riesgos de emaciación y de déficit severo de talla y razones de momios por región, por municipio según proporción de población indígena y grado de urbanización, por educación de la madre y del padre, por género y por diversas combinaciones de estos estratos. Se encontró un elevado riesgo de déficit de talla y un menor riesgo de emaciación. El déficit de talla es mayor en municipios predominantemente indígenas, rurales, en las regiones Sur y Centro y en familias de madres con baja educación formal y condiciones de vivienda pobres. Los resultados pueden ser útiles para el diseño de políticas de alimentación y nutrición y para la focalización de programas
Data from a National Nutrition Survey conducted in 1988 in a probability sample of 13 236 households and 7 426 children under five, representative at the national level and for four regions (North, Center, South, and Mexico City), were analyzed. Risks for wasting and stunting and odds ratios were obtained by region, by district according to proportion of indigenous population and by level of urbanization, by level of education of both parents, by gender, and by various combinations of the former strata. A high risk of stunting and a low risk of wasting were found. The risk of stunting is greater in predominantly indigenous and rural districts, in the South and Center, and in families of mothers with low education and poor housing conditions. The results can be used for food and nutrition policy planning and for targeting nutrition intervention programs.
Assuntos
Humanos , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Pais/educação , Peso-Estatura , Antropometria , México/epidemiologia , Distúrbios Nutricionais/etiologia , Distúrbios Nutricionais/epidemiologia , Características da População , Economia dos Alimentos , Emaciação/diagnóstico , Emaciação/epidemiologia , Populações VulneráveisRESUMO
Data from a National Nutrition Survey conducted in 1988 in a probability sample of 13,236 households and 17,426 children under five, representative at the national level and for four regions (North, Center, South, and Mexico City), were analyzed. Risks for wasting and stunting and odds ratios were obtained by region, by district according to proportion of indigenous population and by level of urbanization, by level of education of both parents, by gender, and by various combinations of the former strata. A high risk of stunting and a low risk of wasting were found. The risk of stunting is greater in predominantly indigenous and rural districts, in the South and Center, and in families of mothers with low education and poor housing conditions. The results can be used for food and nutrition policy planning and for targeting nutrition intervention programs.