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1.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Clín. Méd ; 17(4): 188-193, dez 2019.
Artigo em Português | LILACS | ID: biblio-1284245

RESUMO

A encefalite límbica vem sendo descrita como um distúrbio neurológico raro, que afeta seletivamente as estruturas do sistema límbico. Clinicamente, é caracterizada como uma desordem neurológica debilitante, que se desenvolve como encefalopatia rapidamente progressiva, causada por inflamação encefálica. Objetivamos aqui relatar um caso de encefalite do sistema límbico de provável etiologia autoimune para melhor conhecimento da comunidade médica, bem como averiguar métodos diagnósticos deste quadro. Paciente do sexo masculino, 59 anos, admitido em nosso serviço com queixa de confusão mental. O exame clínico evidenciou desorientação, disartria, paresia e parestesia no hemicorpo esquerdo, dificuldade de marcha, desvio de rima e histórico de epilepsia há 2 anos. No estudo por ressonância magnética do crânio, foram observadas extensas lesões que acometiam a região mesial do lobo temporal direito, todo o hipocampo e giro para-hipocampal direito, estendendo-se pelo fórnix até a porção posterior do hipocampo esquerdo, substância branca do lobo frontal bilateral. Mediante os resultados da investigação complementar, o paciente foi tratado com pulsoterapia de metilpredinisolona por 5 dias, resultando na regressão parcial dos sintomas. Atualmente, o paciente se encontra em seguimento ambulatorial para acompanhamento. A encefalite límbica é uma doença rara, porém muito importante de ser investigada e diagnosticada precocemente, uma vez que a progressão da doença pode causar incapacidade e sequelas irreversíveis.


Limbic encephalitis has been described as a rare neurological disorder affecting the limbic system structures selectively. Clinically, it is characterized as a debilitating neurological syndrome that develops as a quickly progressive encephalopathy caused by brain inflammation. This paper reports a case of limbic encephalitis, probably of autoimmune etiology, aiming to improve the knowledge of the medical community, and to promote a debate on diagnosis methods for this pathology. The patient is male, 59 years old, and was admitted at our service complaining of mental confusion. The clinical examination showed disorientation, dysarthria, left hemiparesis and paresthesia, gait difficulties, light asymmetrical smile, and history of epilepsy 2 years ago. The magnetic resonance imaging of skull showed extensive lesions affecting the mesial region of the right temporal lobe, the entire hippocampus, and right parahippocampal gyrus, extending through the fornix to the posterior portion of the left hippocampus, white matter of bilateral frontal lobe. Based on the complementary investigation results, the patient was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone for five days. Currently, he is being followed in the outpatient's department. Although being rare, limbic encephalitis shall be investigated and diagnosed early because its progression can lead to disability and irreversible sequelae


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Autoimunidade , Encefalite Límbica/diagnóstico por imagem , Paresia/etiologia , Parestesia , Carbamazepina/uso terapêutico , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , Espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Confusão/etiologia , Encefalite Límbica/complicações , Encefalite Límbica/imunologia , Encefalite Límbica/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Encefalite Límbica/tratamento farmacológico , Encefalite Límbica/sangue , Encefalite Límbica/virologia , Disartria/etiologia , Eletroencefalografia , Epilepsia/tratamento farmacológico , Hiponatremia , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Anticonvulsivantes/uso terapêutico , Exame Neurológico
3.
Genet Mol Res ; 14(1): 2312-21, 2015 Mar 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25867377

RESUMO

A variety of anti-neuronal cell membrane antibodies such as voltage-gated potassium channel antibody, N-methyl-D-aspartate-2B-antibody, and glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody, are correlated with limbic encephalitis (LE). In this study on patients with LE, the clinical manifestations, psychology Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, cerebrospinal fluid, electrophysiology, magnetic resonance imaging, and anti-immune therapy were studied and immunological determination was conducted; it was found that patients of Chinese Han nationality showed 2 types of clinical manifestations: simple and complex. Lesions could also be divided into focal and scalable lesions, and the clinical manifestations and lesions scopes were associated with various antibodies and antibody types. The prognosis may improve if early diagnosis is conducted and early anti-immune therapy is implemented in LE patients.


Assuntos
Autoanticorpos/imunologia , Encefalite Límbica/imunologia , Sistema Límbico/imunologia , Neurônios/imunologia , Adulto , Povo Asiático , Western Blotting , China , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Feminino , Glutamato Descarboxilase/imunologia , Humanos , Encefalite Límbica/etnologia , Encefalite Límbica/terapia , Sistema Límbico/patologia , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neurônios/metabolismo , Canais de Potássio de Abertura Dependente da Tensão da Membrana/imunologia , Prognóstico , Receptores de N-Metil-D-Aspartato/imunologia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Escalas de Wechsler
6.
Rev Med Chil ; 137(5): 675-9, 2009 May.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19701558

RESUMO

Limbic encephalitis (LE) can be associated to cancer, viral infection or be idiopathic. One form is associated to voltage dependent potassium channel (VKC) antibodies. The clinical presentation includes impairment of consciousness, amnesia and temporal lobe seizures; typical abnormalities are also found in brain magnetic resonance. We report a 68 year-old male who had LE associated to VKC antibodies. The patient was treated with steroids with a partial response. At the moment of the report he is asymptomatic and continues with prednisone treatment .


Assuntos
Autoanticorpos/sangue , Encefalite Límbica/imunologia , Canais de Potássio de Abertura Dependente da Tensão da Membrana/imunologia , Idoso , Eletroencefalografia , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Levetiracetam , Encefalite Límbica/diagnóstico , Encefalite Límbica/tratamento farmacológico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Piracetam/análogos & derivados , Piracetam/uso terapêutico , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Ácido Valproico/uso terapêutico
7.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 137(5): 675-679, mayo 2009. ilus, tab
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: lil-521871

RESUMO

Limbic encephalitis (LE) can be associated to cancer, viral infection or be idiopathic. One form is associated to voltage dependent potassium channel (VKC) antibodies. The clinical presentation includes impairment of consciousness, amnesia and temporal lobe seizures; typical abnormalities are also found in brain magnetic resonance. We report a 68 year-old male who had LE associated to VKC antibodies. The patient was treated with steroids with a partial response. At the moment of the report he is asymptomatic and continues with prednisone treatment.


Assuntos
Idoso , Humanos , Masculino , Autoanticorpos/sangue , Encefalite Límbica/imunologia , Canais de Potássio de Abertura Dependente da Tensão da Membrana/imunologia , Eletroencefalografia , Glucocorticoides/uso terapêutico , Encefalite Límbica/diagnóstico , Encefalite Límbica/tratamento farmacológico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Piracetam/análogos & derivados , Piracetam/uso terapêutico , Prednisona/uso terapêutico , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Ácido Valproico/uso terapêutico
8.
Rev Neurol ; 48(6): 311-6, 2009.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19291656

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Paraneoplastic syndromes can be defined as manifestations in distant places of tumors or metastasis, which are not related with tumoral growth. Most of these syndromes are caused by substances secreted by the tumor, that mimic natural hormones, or interfere with plasma proteins. DEVELOPMENT: The rate of paraneoplastic syndromes with neurological manifestations is less than 0.5/100,000 per year, and affect about 0.01% of cancer patients. The pathogenesis of neurological paraneoplastic syndromes is attributed to humoral autoimmunity, due to the existence of a great variety of antibodies in relationship with the neurological alterations associated. Nevertheless, the absence of antibodies does not exclude a neurological paraneoplastic syndromes, just as antibodies may be found without a neurological paraneoplastic syndrome. The characteristic symptoms of paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis are confusion of acute onset, mood changes, hallucinations, loss of short term memory, and seizures; these symptoms generally develop in days or weeks, but may present suddenly. Image studies, cerebral spinal fluid evaluation, and serologic tests are the most useful in diagnosing a neurological paraneoplastic syndrome. The treatment requires two different approaches. The first one is through the suppression of the immune response generated by neurological damage. The second, is by removing the tumor as the source of the antigen. The latter is often the only effective treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis is an unusual and hard to diagnose entity, which can easily be confused with psychiatric problems. An early diagnosis and treatment is very important to avoid nonreversible neuronal damage.


Assuntos
Autoimunidade/imunologia , Encefalite Límbica/diagnóstico , Encefalite Límbica/imunologia , Neoplasias , Anticorpos/imunologia , Antígenos de Neoplasias/imunologia , Humanos , Encefalite Límbica/etiologia , Encefalite Límbica/patologia , Neoplasias/complicações , Neoplasias/imunologia , Síndrome
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