RESUMO
A mieloencefalite protozoária eqüina é uma doença que acomete o sistema nervoso central (SNC) causando uma infecção. O principal agente etiológico é o Sarcocystis neurona e tem como hospedeiro definitivo o Didelphis albiventris (gambá). Há predominância em alguns sinais clínicos como ataxia e paresia. A rápida avaliação do animal e o rápido diagnóstico podem diminuir algumas complicações e diminuir os sinais clínicos presentes nele.(AU)
Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis is a disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS) causing an infection. The main etiological agent is Sarcocystis neuronal and has its definitive host Didelphis albiventris (opossum). There is a predominance of some clinical signs such as ataxia and paresis. Rapid assessment of the animal and rapid diagnosis may decrease some complications and decrease the clinical signs present in it.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Encefalomielite Equina/complicações , Encefalomielite Equina/diagnóstico , Encefalomielite Equina/veterinária , Sarcocystis , Cavalos/virologiaRESUMO
A mieloencefalite protozoária eqüina é uma doença que acomete o sistema nervoso central (SNC) causando uma infecção. O principal agente etiológico é o Sarcocystis neurona e tem como hospedeiro definitivo o Didelphis albiventris (gambá). Há predominância em alguns sinais clínicos como ataxia e paresia. A rápida avaliação do animal e o rápido diagnóstico podem diminuir algumas complicações e diminuir os sinais clínicos presentes nele.
Equine protozoal myeloencephalitis is a disease that affects the central nervous system (CNS) causing an infection. The main etiological agent is Sarcocystis neuronal and has its definitive host Didelphis albiventris (opossum). There is a predominance of some clinical signs such as ataxia and paresis. Rapid assessment of the animal and rapid diagnosis may decrease some complications and decrease the clinical signs present in it.
Assuntos
Animais , Cavalos/virologia , Encefalomielite Equina/complicações , Encefalomielite Equina/diagnóstico , Encefalomielite Equina/veterinária , SarcocystisRESUMO
Nove casos de encefalomielite equina foram estudados na Ilha de Marajó, estado do Pará, Brasil. Os animais apresentavam dificuldade em se manter em estação, andar em círculo, acentuada depressão, pálpebras cerradas, paralisia da língua, tremores musculares, bruxismo, anorexia e desidratação. Alguns apresentavam diminuição dos reflexos auricular, palpebral, de ameaça, diminuição do tônus da língua e taquicardia. Posição de auto-auscultação foi observada com frequência. Os animais muitas vezes eram encontrados apoiados em troncos e cercas para se manterem em estação. À necropsia verificou-se hemorragia das leptomeninges e medula, alguns animais apresentaram ainda aderencia das leptomeninges. Na histopatologia verificou-se encefalite difusa afetando principalmente a substância cinzenta, com meningite e coroidite. Foi observada presença de manguitos perivasculares constituídos por células inflamatórias mononucleadas. Em dois animais identificou-se o Eastern equine encephalitis virus por semi nested transcrição reversa reação de polimerase em cadeia (Semi-Nested RT-PCR)
Nine cases of equine encephalomyelitis on Marajó Island, state of Pará, Brazil, were studied. The affected horses had difficulty to stand, walked in circles, with marked depression, closed eyelids, tongue paralysis, muscle tremors, bruxism, anorexia and dehydration. Some had their ear and eyelid reflexes diminished, decreased tongue tone and tachycardia; laid down frequently they kept their head on the chest. Often they were seen resting their head on tree trunks or fences. At necropsy, hemorrhages of the meninges and spinal cord, and in some animals also adhesion of the meninges were found. Histologically there was diffuse encephalitis affecting mainly the gray matter, with meningitis and choroiditis. Presence of perivascular cuffs consisting of mononuclear inflammatory cells was observed. From two horses the Eastern equine encephalitis virus was identified by semi-nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (semi-nested RT-PCR).
Assuntos
Animais , Cavalos/anormalidades , Cavalos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Encefalomielite Equina/diagnóstico , Encefalomielite Equina/prevenção & controle , Encefalomielite Equina/veterinária , Autopsia/veterináriaRESUMO
As in humans, sub-clinical infection by arboviruses in domestic animals is common; however, its detection only occurs during epizootics and the silent circulation of some arboviruses may remain undetected. The objective of the present paper was to assess the current circulation of arboviruses in the Nhecolândia sub-region of South Pantanal, Brazil. Sera from a total of 135 horses, of which 75 were immunized with bivalent vaccine composed of inactive Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEEV) and Western equine encephalitis virus(WEEV) and 60 were unvaccinated, were submitted to thorough viral isolation, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and neutralization tests for Saint Louis encephalitis virus (SLEV), EEEV, WEEV and Mayaro virus (MAYV). No virus was isolated and viral nucleic-acid detection by RT-PCR was also negative. Nevertheless, the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies in horses older than seven months was 43.7% for SLEV in equines regardless of vaccine status, and 36.4% for WEEV and 47.7% for EEEV in unvaccinated horses. There was no evidence of MAYV infections. The serologic evidence of circulation of arboviruses responsible for equine and human encephalitis, without recent official reports of clinical infections in the area, suggests that the Nhecolândia sub-region in South Pantanal is an important area for detection of silent activity of arboviruses in Brazil.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Vírus da Encefalite de St. Louis/isolamento & purificação , Encefalomielite Equina/veterinária , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagem , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Vírus da Encefalite de St. Louis/imunologia , Encefalomielite Equina/diagnóstico , Encefalomielite Equina/epidemiologia , Encefalomielite Equina/virologia , Feminino , Doenças dos Cavalos/diagnóstico , Cavalos , Masculino , Testes de Neutralização/veterinária , Prevalência , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa/veterináriaRESUMO
Two recent cases of human infection with Tonate virus, one of which was a fatal case of encephalitis, have renewed interest in these viruses in French Guiana. The clinical aspects of confirmed and probable cases of infection with this virus indicate that it has pathogenic properties in humans similar to those of other viruses of the Venezuelan equine encephalitis complex. To determine the prevalence of antibodies to Tonate virus in the various ethnic groups and areas of French Guiana, 3,516 human sera were tested with a hemagglutination inhibition test. Of these, 11.9% were positive for the virus, but significant differences in seroprevalence were found by age, with an increase with age. After adjustment for age, significant differences were found between places of residence. The prevalence of antibody to Tonate virus was higher in savannah areas, especially in the Bas Maroni (odds ratio [OR] = 22.2, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 15.2-32.4) and Bas Oyapock areas (OR = 13.4; 95% CI = 9.8-18.4). The ethnic differences observed in this study were due mainly to differences in place of residence, except that whites were significantly less frequently infected than other ethnic groups. This study indicates that Tonate virus infection is highly prevalent in French Guiana, especially in savannah areas.
Assuntos
Vírus da Encefalite Equina Venezuelana/isolamento & purificação , Encefalomielite Equina/epidemiologia , Adulto , Sequência de Bases , Primers do DNA , Encefalomielite Equina/diagnóstico , Encefalomielite Equina/patologia , Encefalomielite Equina/transmissão , Feminino , Guiana Francesa/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Via Transcriptase Reversa , Estudos SoroepidemiológicosRESUMO
Se muestran los resultados obtenidos de la utilización de un ElISA de doble anticuerpo y el método de inmunofluorescencia indirecta para la identificación de aislamientos del virus de la encefalomielitis equina del este realizados en los sitemas celulares Vero XL-1. Los resultados obtenidos mediante ambas técnicas fueron del 100 por ciento de coincidencia con la identificación por neutralización. Utilizando las primeras se pudo detectar el virus entre 6 y 8 horas posinoculación. Los resultados obtenidos utilizandon las células XL-2 fueron mejores que con las células Vero
Assuntos
Vírus da Encefalite Equina do Leste/isolamento & purificação , Encefalomielite Equina/diagnóstico , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , ImunofluorescênciaRESUMO
We present the results attained in the identification of Eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus isolations in Vero and XL-2 cell systems, using a double-antibody ELISA technique and the indirect immunofluorescence method. The results attained through these two techniques coincided by 100% with identification through neutralization. With the former, the virus was detected within 6-8 hours after inoculation. Better results were attained with XL-2 cells.