RESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The Latino population is one of the largest, most diverse, and fastest-growing demographic groups in the United States. Although Latinos enjoy longer life spans and reduced mortality risk relative to non-Hispanic Whites, they have higher rates of chronic health conditions such as diabetes and dementia and live more of their older years with poor health and disability. Such inequities point to the need for this research focused on examining resiliency strategies and barriers to successful aging among various U.S. Latino subgroups. METHODS: This qualitative study used thematic content analysis to examine resiliency strategies and barriers to successful aging among Mexican immigrant women (nâ =â 40) residing in an underserved agricultural community and entering mid-life (meanâ =â 49 years old). RESULTS: With regards to barriers to successful aging, 3 themes emerged: (1) stressful lifestyle in the United States compared to the participants' home countries; (2) stress from expectations at home; and (3) stress due to work and the various components around work. The following 4 resiliency strategies emerged: (1) family as a motivation for moving forward in life and focusing on the success of children; (2) having a positive mindset; (3) praying to God for strength to overcome obstacles; and (4) self-care. DISCUSSION: Despite experiencing barriers to successful aging, participants practice various resiliency strategies to age successfully. Because many of the barriers identified are related to poverty-related stressors, systemic solutions addressing the social determinants of health are needed.
Assuntos
Emigrantes e Imigrantes , Americanos Mexicanos , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Resiliência Psicológica , População Rural , Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/psicologia , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Americanos Mexicanos/psicologia , Americanos Mexicanos/estatística & dados numéricos , Envelhecimento/psicologia , Envelhecimento/etnologia , Estados Unidos/epidemiologia , Estados Unidos/etnologia , Envelhecimento Saudável/psicologia , Envelhecimento Saudável/etnologia , México/etnologia , Agricultura , Motivação , Estresse Psicológico/etnologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , AdultoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: Most prior research on physical activity (PA) and cognition is based on predominantly white cohorts and focused on associations of PA with mean (average) cognition versus the distribution of cognition. Quantile regression offers a novel way to quantify how PA affects cognition across the entire distribution. METHODS: The Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences study includes 30% white, 19% black, 25% Asian, and 26% Latinx adults age 65+ living in Northern California (n = 1600). The frequency of light or heavy PA was summarized as 2 continuous variables. Outcomes were z-scored executive function, semantic memory, and verbal episodic memory. We tested associations of PA with mean cognition using linear regression and used quantile regression to estimate the association of PA with the 10th-90th percentiles of cognitive scores. RESULTS: Higher levels of PA were associated with higher mean semantic memory (b = 0.10; 95% CI: 0.06, 0.14) and executive function (b = 0.05; 95% CI: 0.01, 0.09). Associations of PA across all 3 cognitive domains were stronger at low quantiles of cognition. CONCLUSION: PA is associated with cognition in this racially/ethnically diverse sample and may have larger benefits for individuals with low cognitive scores, who are most vulnerable to dementia.
Assuntos
Cognição , Exercício Físico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Envelhecimento/psicologia , California , Cognição/fisiologia , Estudos de Coortes , Etnicidade , Função Executiva/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Envelhecimento Saudável/psicologia , Envelhecimento Saudável/fisiologia , Negro ou Afro-Americano , Brancos , Asiático , Hispânico ou LatinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Understanding the domains of healthy aging (HA) through the perceptions of older adults is important for the multidimensional determination of the construct according to the culture of Peru and for the development of plans that promote the health, well-being, resources and strengths of older adults. The purpose of this study is to qualitatively explore the operational domains of HA in Peruvian older adults. METHOD: The approach adopted was fundamental qualitative descriptive. A purposive sampling was used and 26 participants attending senior centers belonging to the municipal commune of Lima were recruited (Medad=67.9; SD=6.64). Semi-structured interviews were conducted and the content analysis was carried out using an inductive method identifying the units of meaning of the HA. RESULTS: The content analysis showed 11 sub-themes and 4 main themes. The identified themes were as follows: "functional health", "psychological well-being", "active engagement with life" and "religion". Given this, the results demonstrate the multidimensionality of HA in Peruvian older adults. CONCLUSION: The operational domains of HA indicate the importance of individual perceptions considering functional health, psychological well-being, active engagement with life, and religion. This perspective supports the multidimensional concept of HA. This can be implemented as a guide for government entities working with PAMs. In addition, to formulate new public policies focusing on the domains of HA.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento Saudável , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Humanos , Peru , Idoso , Masculino , Envelhecimento Saudável/psicologia , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso de 80 Anos ou maisRESUMO
Contexto: El envejecimiento de la población plantea varias cuestiones fundamentales. ¿Cómo podemos ayudar a las personas a que sigan siendo independientes y activas a medida que envejecen? El Proyecto de Vida es un concepto que ha estado vinculado a la necesidad del ser humano de buscar su bienestar. Puede pensarse que, si una persona cuenta con un proyecto de vida preconcebido, al llegar a la vejez su tiempo estará orientado a continuar con metas previamente visualizadas. Objetivo: Conocer la opinión de los adultos sobre su proyecto de vida para la vejez en un área urbana de Tucumán. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio cualitativo desde un abordaje fenomenológico. Los sujetos estudiados fueron adultos entre 45-59 años, de ambos sexos. Se constituyeron dos grupos focales. Resultados: se obtuvieron las siguientes categorías descriptivas: "Un callejón ¿con salida?", "Descartados y desechos", "Encaminarnos a la vejez", "Revolución de la longevidad", "Un poco de esto, un poco de aquello". Conclusión: Este estudio evidenció las opiniones que tiene un grupo de adultos de Tucumán sobre proyectos de vida para la vejez, identificándose cómo el fenómeno de ageísmo influye en su proyección a futuro. Se vio la importancia de repensar la vejez sin la estigmatización o discriminación social, considerando acompañar activamente a la población en edad prejubilatoria (AU)
Context: The aging of the population raises several fundamental questions. How can we help people to remain independent and active as they age? The Life Project is a concept that has been linked to the need of human beings to seek their well-being. It may be thought that if a person has a preconceived life project, when they reach old age their time will be oriented to continue with previously visualized goals. Objective: To know the opinion of adults about their life project for old age in an urban area of Tucumán. Methodology: A qualitative study was carried out from a phenomenological approach. The subjects studied were adults between 45-59 years old, of both sexes. Two focus groups were formed. Results: the following descriptive categories were obtained: "An alley with an exit?", "Discarded and discarded", "Towards old age", "Longevity revolution", "A little of this, a little of that". Conclusion: This study evidenced the opinions that a group of adults from Tucumán have about life projects for old age, identifying how the phenomenon of ageism influences their future projection. The importance of rethinking old age without stigmatization or social discrimination was seen, considering actively accompanying the pre-retirement age population (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Envelhecimento , Projetos , Longevidade , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Envelhecimento Saudável/psicologiaRESUMO
Introducción: el envejecimiento poblacional y el incremento de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles están generando un gran impacto en los sistemas de salud a nivel mundial. Articular el sistema de salud con los recursos comunitarios es fundamental para poder coordinar la atención sociosanitaria, descomplejizar la atención de los adultos mayores y promover el envejecimiento activo. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar la relación entre la participación de adultos mayores en un proyecto de mapeo de activos para la salud y los efectos percibidos en esta experiencia. Métodos: la intervención consistió en un taller de seis encuentros semanales donde se aprendió a reconocer activos para la salud. Estos fueron volcados en un mapa virtual de acceso libre y gratuito para ser compartido con toda la sociedad. En el taller también se reforzó la importancia de la relación entre los participantes para mejorar los apoyos sociales. Utilizamos un diseño cualitativo de tipo interactivo con una estructura interconectada y flexible de los componentes de la investigación. Se observaron las interacciones y diálogos que se produjeron entre moderadoras-participantes y participantes entre sí, y se incluyeron los registros del cuaderno de campo de las moderadoras. Al finalizar el último encuentro, y cumplidos tres meses, se realizaron entrevistas en profundidad a quienes asistieron, al menos, a la mitad de los encuentros. Se utilizó una guía con preguntas abiertas, para conocer la perspectiva de los participantes acerca de eventuales cambios percibidos a partir de la experiencia vivida en el taller. Los datos se categorizaron y, posteriormente, se triangularon para garantizar la validez del análisis. Resultados: se identificaron las siguientes categorías que sitúan las experiencias de los participantes en relación con su paso por el proyecto: la generación de vínculos entre pares, los vínculos con las moderadoras, la dinámica de taller, la sustentabilidad del proyecto y la resignificación del barrio. Conclusión: es factible generar cambios positivos en la salud de los adultos mayores, potenciar los espacios de socialización y contribuir satisfactoriamente en la resignificación de los barrios a través del mapeo de activos para la salud. (AU)
Introduction: population ageing and the increase in chronic non-communicable diseases are having a major impact on health systems worldwide. Linking the health system with community resources is essential in order to coordinate social and health care, decomplexify the care of older adults and promote active ageing. Our objective was to analyse the relationship between the participation of older adults in a health asset mapping project and the perceived effects of this experience. Methods: the intervention consisted of a workshop of six weekly meetings where participants learned to recognise health assets from the perspective of each participant. These were then uploaded onto a virtual map that could be accessed free of charge and shared with the whole of society. The workshop also reinforced the importance of the relationship between participants to improve social support.We used an interactive qualitative design with an interconnected and flexible structure between the research components. The interactions and dialogues that took place between moderators-participants and participants with each other were observed, and the field notebook records of the moderators were included. At the end of the last meeting, and after three months, in-depth interviews were conducted with those who attended at least half of the meetings. A guide with open-ended questions was used to find out the participants perspective on possible changes perceived as a result of the workshop experience. The data were categorised and then triangulated to ensure the validity of the analysis. Results: the following categories were identified that situate the participants experiences in relation to their time in the project: the generation of links between peers, the links with the moderators, the workshop dynamics, the sustainability of the project and the re-signification of the neighbourhood. Conclusion: it is feasible to generate positive changes in the health of older adults, to strengthen the spaces for socialisation and to successfully contribute to the resignification of the neighbourhoods through the mapping of assets for health. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Educação em Saúde/organização & administração , Envelhecimento Saudável/psicologia , Promoção da Saúde/organização & administração , Apoio Social , Socialização , Inquéritos e Questionários , Educação da População , Pesquisa Participativa Baseada na ComunidadeRESUMO
This study analyzed the relations between social representations of the body and the body care practices of older adults. Forty older adults, with ages varying from 60 to 84 years (M = 69; SD = 7), matched by sex, took part in the study. The data were collected by means of in-depth thematic interviews, with the corpus analyzed using the IRaMuTeQ software. Differences between men and women were verified in representational contents and body practices. The male participants' social representations of the body were associated with biological functionality and health concerns, while the women emphasized the importance of physical appearance in their social relationships. Regarding body care practices, there was a higher incidence of food concerns in the men and the performance of physical activities in the women. Therefore, the results indicated that the body care practices vary according to the socials representations of the body and the sex of the participant. (AU)
Esse estudo analisou as relações entre as representações sociais do corpo e as práticas de cuidado corporal de pessoas idosas. Participaram da pesquisa 40 idosos, com idades entre 60 e 84 anos (M=69; DP=7), pareados por sexo. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista bitemática em profundidade, cujo corpus foi analisado com auxílio do software IraMuTeQ. Verificou-se diferenças dos conteúdos representacionais e das práticas corporais entre homens e mulheres. As representações sociais do corpo do público masculino foram associadas à funcionalidade biológica e preocupação com a saúde, enquanto as mulheres ressaltaram a importância da aparência física nas relações sociais. Em relação às práticas de cuidado corporal, houve maior incidência de cuidados alimentares para o público masculino e de realização de atividades físicas para o público feminino. Assim, os resultados indicaram que as práticas de cuidado corporal variam segundo as representações sociais de corpo e conforme o sexo dos participantes. (AU)
Este estudio analizó las relaciones entre las representaciones sociales del cuerpo y las prácticas de cuidado corporal de las personas mayores. En el estudio participaron cuarenta ancianos, con edades entre 60 y 84 años (M = 69; DS = 7), emparejados por sexo. Los datos fueron recolectados por medio de entrevistas con doble temática realizadas en profundidad, cuyo corpus fue analizado a través del software IraMuTeQ. Se averiguaron diferencias en el contenido representativo y en las prácticas corporales entre hombres y mujeres. Las representaciones sociales del cuerpo de los participantes varones se asociaron con la funcionalidad biológica y los problemas de salud, mientras que las mujeres enfatizaron la importancia de la apariencia física en las relaciones sociales. Con respecto a las prácticas de cuidado corporal, hubo una mayor incidencia de preocupaciones alimentarias en los hombres, y la realización de actividad física en las mujeres. Por lo tanto, los resultados indicaron que las prácticas de cuidado corporal varían según las representaciones sociales del cuerpo y el sexo de los participantes. (AU)
Assuntos
Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Imagem Corporal/psicologia , Aparência Física , Envelhecimento Saudável/psicologia , Exercício Físico , Entrevistas como Assunto , Comportamento Alimentar/psicologiaRESUMO
The purpose of this study is to examine successful aging among Spanish-speaking older adults in Costa Rica and in Spain using the proactive framework proposed by Kahana et al. (2014). More specifically, we hypothesized that older adults' life satisfaction would be positively associated with the frequency and perceived level of social support, spirituality/having purpose in life, and the use of proactive physical, cognitive, and social self-care behaviors. Our results confirmed these hypotheses, not only for the overall group of participants, but also separately for older adults in Costa Rica and in Spain. The present study contributes to the literature of successful aging among older adults, by examining the protective factors associated with life satisfaction among Spanish speaking older adults in Costa Rica and in Spain. It identifies specific protective factors (spirituality/purpose in life, social support, and self-care) associated with the values and preferences held by participants in the study.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento Saudável , Atividades Cotidianas , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Cognição , Costa Rica , Comparação Transcultural , Feminino , Envelhecimento Saudável/etnologia , Envelhecimento Saudável/psicologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Psicológicos , Satisfação Pessoal , Autocuidado/psicologia , Apoio Social , Espanha , EspiritualidadeRESUMO
Despite physical activity being one of the determinants of healthy aging, older people tend to become less active over the years. Maintaining physical activity levels during the life course is a motivational challenge. Digital tools have been used to change this pattern, such as smartphone applications to support physical activity; but there is a lack of in-depth research on the diversity of user's experiences, especially considering older users or non-users of information and communication technologies. OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to identify requirements for designing a mobile app to encourage physical activity in a low-income community population of older people in Brazil (i.e. over 40 years old). METHOD: We conducted a qualitative focus group study, involving by co-design of a physical activity application (Pacer)®. Seventeen volunteers were divided into 2 focus groups of physical active and insufficiently active, and 2 further 4 subgroups in each characterised by digital engagement. The following procedures were performed: (i) baseline assessments; (ii) a focus group with physically active older people and a focus group with insufficiently active older people (iii) design activities with both groups to re-design Pacer. RESULTS: Developing physical activity apps for older people should consider the following features: free application, simple interface, motivational messages using audio and visual information, sharing information among users, multimedia input and sharing and user customisation. In particular, we recommend that exercise apps in low-income communities be tailored to our four categories of users differing in baseline physical activity and digital engagement, to match the social and behavioural preferences we discovered.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Promoção da Saúde/métodos , Envelhecimento Saudável/fisiologia , Aplicativos Móveis , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Brasil , Estudos Transversais , Exercício Físico/psicologia , Feminino , Grupos Focais , Envelhecimento Saudável/psicologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Motivação , Pobreza/psicologia , Pesquisa Qualitativa , SmartphoneRESUMO
There is a growing consensus regarding the multidimensional nature of successful aging (SA), including both the biomedical and psychosocial domains of the aging process. The Successful Aging Scale (SAS) is a self-rated instrument addressing both of these components. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the SAS (SAS-B) with regard to reliability and validity in 949 Brazilian community-dwelling older adults (53.60% women; M = 69.49 years; standard deviation = 7.67). Confirmatory factorial analysis (CFA) was performed to provide evidence on its structural validity. Convergent and divergent validity was studied by means of examining the relationships of SAS-B with scales concerning resilience, life satisfaction, self-esteem, social support, perceived stress, and health, as well as mental health. The CFA showed that the SAS-B is multidimensional with three correlated factors (χ2 /df = 2.74; standardized root mean square residual = 0.03; root mean square error approximation = 0.04; comparative fit index = 0.91), and its factors showed adequate reliability (ω = 0.70 for Healthy living habits, ω = 0.69 for Adaptive coping, and ω = 0.70 for Engagement with Life). Convergent and divergent validity was endorsed by correlations with related factors. The SAS-B is a reliable and valid self-rated instrument to measure the SA from a multidimensional perspective.
Assuntos
Envelhecimento Saudável/psicologia , Vida Independente/psicologia , Saúde Mental/estatística & dados numéricos , Psicometria/métodos , Idoso , Brasil/epidemiologia , Comparação Transcultural , Feminino , Humanos , Vida Independente/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Intervenção Psicossocial/métodos , Qualidade de Vida/psicologia , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Resiliência Psicológica , Autoimagem , Apoio SocialRESUMO
O envelhecimento populacional é uma realidade tanto a nível global quanto nacional. No que diz respeito à aposentadoria, o planejamento financeiro para esta etapa da vida é um dos responsáveis por viabilizar o envelhecimento saudável. O objetivo deste estudo é descrever e analisar o estado da arte nacional sobre o planejamento financeiro para aposentadoria, sob o escopo da Psicologia. Foi realizada a busca pelas palavras-chave "planejamento" ou "preparação" e "aposentadoria", em cinco indexadores. A princípio, foram encontrados 270 artigos que, ao passar pelos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, foram reduzidos para 40 artigos. Os mesmos foram analisados a partir de sete categorias: ano de publicação, abordagem metodológica, setor, público investigado, instituição, elaboração de escalas e forma de abordar o planejamento financeiro. Ao final, foi constatada a necessidade de desenvolver novos estudos e políticas organizacionais que conduzam ao planejamento financeiro para a aposentadoria, fundamental para envelhecer com qualidade. Além do âmbito acadêmico, ações estratégicas precisam ser traçadas principalmente pela área de Recursos Humanos, a fim de sensibilizar os trabalhadores quanto ao planejamento financeiro como medida que deve acompanhar toda a trajetória profissional, para promover bem-estar dentro e fora do trabalho. (AU)
Population aging is a reality at both global and national levels. With regard to retirement, financial planning for this stage of life is one of the responsible for enabling healthy aging. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to describe and analyze the state of the art on financial planning for retirement, under the scope of Psychology. For the present systematic review of the literature, the search for the keywords "planning" or "preparation" and "retirement" was carried out in five indexers. At first, 270 articles were found that, when passing through the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were reduced to 40 articles. They were analyzed from seven categories: year of publication, methodological approach, sector, investigated public, institution, elaboration of scales and approach to financial planning. It was verified the need to develop further studies and organizational policies that lead to financial planning for retirement, fundamental to aging with quality. In addition to the academic scope, strategic actions need to be traced mainly by the Human Resources area, in order to sensitize workers about financial planning as a measure that must accompany the entire professional trajectory, to promote well-being inside and outside work. (AU)
El envejecimiento de la población es una realidad tanto a nivel global como nacional. Con respecto a la jubilación, la planificación financiera para esta etapa de la vida es una de las responsables por posibilitar un envejecimiento saludable. El propósito de este estudio es describir y analizar el estado del arte nacional sobre la planificación financiera para la jubilación, en el ámbito de la Psicología. La búsqueda de las palabras clave "planificación" o "preparación" y "jubilación" se llevó a cabo en cinco indizadores. Al principio, se encontraron 270 artículos que, al pasar por los criterios de inclusión y exclusión, se redujeron a 40 artículos. Se analizaron siete categorías: año de publicación, enfoque metodológico, sector, público investigado, institución, elaboración de escalas y manera de abordar la planificación financiera. Se verificó la necesidad de desarrollar más estudios y políticas organizacionales que conduzcan a la planificación financiera de la jubilación, fundamental para el envejecimiento con calidad. Mas allá del ámbito académico, las acciones estratégicas deben ser rastreadas principalmente por el área de Recursos Humanos, con el fin de sensibilizar a los trabajadores sobre la planificación financiera como una medida que debe acompañar toda la trayectoria profesional, para promover el bienestar dentro y fuera del trabajo. (AU)