RESUMO
Bacterial phospholipases and sphingomyelinases are lipolytic esterases that are structurally and evolutionarily heterogeneous. These enzymes play crucial roles as virulence factors in several human and animal infectious diseases. Some bacterial phospholipases C (PLCs) have both phosphatidylcholinesterase and sphingomyelinase C activities. Among them, Listeria monocytogenes PlcB, Clostridium perfringens PLC, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PlcH are the most deeply understood. In silico predictions of substrates docking with these three bacterial enzymes provide evidence that they interact with different substrates at the same active site. This review discusses structural aspects, substrate specificity, and the mechanism of action of those bacterial enzymes on target cells and animal infection models to shed light on their roles in pathogenesis.
Assuntos
Esfingomielina Fosfodiesterase/metabolismo , Esfingomielina Fosfodiesterase/fisiologia , Fosfolipases Tipo C/metabolismo , Fosfolipases Tipo C/fisiologia , Animais , Clostridium perfringens/enzimologia , Clostridium perfringens/patogenicidade , Humanos , Listeria monocytogenes/enzimologia , Listeria monocytogenes/patogenicidade , Fosfolipases , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/enzimologia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/patogenicidade , Fosfolipases Tipo C/genéticaRESUMO
Staphylococcus aureus is the most prevalent mastitis pathogen in Argentina and worldwide. Lack of effectiveness of traditional control measures based on milking hygiene and antibiotic therapy against this organism has led to the development of alternatives directed to prevent the disease. Among them, the manipulation of host immune mechanisms through vaccination has been explored. The identification of virulence factors able to stimulate host immune defenses is key to developing a rational vaccine. S. aureus has multiple virulence factors that interact with the host at different stages of an intramammary infection. The use of some of these factors as immunogens has been shown to elicit protective responses in the host. The structure, function, and use as immunogens of S. aureus virulence factors considered to be relevant at different stages of intrammamary infections caused by this organism are reviewed in this article.
Assuntos
Mastite Bovina/imunologia , Mastite Bovina/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidade , Fatores de Virulência/imunologia , Animais , Toxinas Bacterianas , Biofilmes , Bovinos , Coagulase/fisiologia , Feminino , Fibronectinas/fisiologia , Proteínas Hemolisinas/fisiologia , Esfingomielina Fosfodiesterase/fisiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/fisiologiaRESUMO
Staphylococcus aureus is the most prevalent mastitis pathogen in Argentina and worldwide. Lack of effectiveness of traditional control measures based on milking hygiene and antibiotic therapy against this organism has led to the development of alternatives directed to prevent the disease. Among them, the manipulation of host immune mechanisms through vaccination has been explored. The identification of virulence factors able to stimulate host immune defenses is key to developing a rational vaccine. S. aureus has multiple virulence factors that interact with the host at different stages of an intramammary infection. The use of some of these factors as immunogens has been shown to elicit protective responses in the host. The structure, function, and use as immunogens of S. aureus virulence factors considered to be relevant at different stages of intrammamary infections caused by this organism are reviewed in this article.
Assuntos
Fatores de Virulência/imunologia , Mastite Bovina/imunologia , Mastite Bovina/microbiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/patogenicidade , Animais , Biofilmes , Bovinos , Coagulase/fisiologia , Esfingomielina Fosfodiesterase/fisiologia , Feminino , Fibronectinas/fisiologia , Proteínas Hemolisinas/fisiologia , Staphylococcus aureus/fisiologia , Toxinas BacterianasRESUMO
Staphylococcus aureus is the most prevalent mastitis pathogen in Argentina and worldwide. Lack of effectiveness of traditional control measures based on milking hygiene and antibiotic therapy against this organism has led to the development of alternatives directed to prevent the disease. Among them, the manipulation of host immune mechanisms through vaccination has been explored. The identification of virulence factors able to stimulate host immune defenses is key to developing a rational vaccine. S. aureus has multiple virulence factors that interact with the host at different stages of an intramammary infection. The use of some of these factors as immunogens has been shown to elicit protective responses in the host. The structure, function, and use as immunogens of S. aureus virulence factors considered to be relevant at different stages of intrammamary infections caused by this organism are reviewed in this article.