RESUMO
PURPOSE: Minimally invasive radical nephrectomy is often preferred for larger renal tumours not suitable for partial nephrectomy (1). When performed with a multiport robot, the procedure is routinely performed with a transperitoneal approach, with recent studies highlighting important factors for surgical outcomes, including predictive factors (2), segmental artery unclamping techniques (3), and comparisons of robotic techniques (4). This video shows that SP Robot-Assisted Radical Nephrectomy (RARN) via a lower anterior approach is valuable in challenging cases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed SP-RARN on two complex patients using a retroperitoneal lower anterior approach. The first patient, a 54-year-old female with a BMI of 36.8 kg/m², had a ventral hernia and bowel obstruction history, with a 9 cm right middle kidney mass. The second patient, a 58-year-old male with a BMI of 31.19 kg/m², had ESRD and was on peritoneal dialysis for 8 years, with a 3.4x3.7 cm mass in the right superior pole, suspected to be RCC. The surgical technique is detailed in the video. RESULTS: Both procedures were successful, with operative times of 173 and 203 minutes and blood loss of 150 mL. No complications occurred. Patients were discharged after 31 and 38 hours, respectively. Histopathology confirmed RCC. At the 3-month follow-up, no complications or readmissions were reported. Second patient continued peritoneal dialysis without issues. CONCLUSION: Retroperitoneal SP-RARN via the lower anterior approach avoids the peritoneal cavity, making it suitable for certain patients. In these patients, more so than in others, this procedure is feasible, safe, and less morbid than the standard multiport approach.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Renais , Nefrectomia , Duração da Cirurgia , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos , Humanos , Nefrectomia/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Robóticos/métodos , Feminino , Masculino , Neoplasias Renais/cirurgia , Espaço Retroperitoneal/cirurgia , Resultado do Tratamento , Carcinoma de Células Renais/cirurgia , Estudos de Viabilidade , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
Ovarian tissue cryopreservation and transplantation (OTCT) has emerged in recent years as a potential method for reversing abnormal endocrine and reproductive functions, particularly in patients receiving gonadotoxic cancer treatments having longer survival rates. From its first rodent experiments to human trials, OTCT has evolved tremendously, opening new windows for further utilization. Since then, significant progress has been achieved in terms of techniques used for surgical removal of the tissue, optimal fragment size, freezing and thawing procedures, and appropriate surgical sites for the subsequent reimplementation of the graft. In addition, various approaches have been proposed to decrease the risk of ischemic injury, which is the leading cause of significant follicle loss during neo-angiogenesis. This review aims to discuss the pros and cons of ovarian and retroperitoneal transplantation sites, highlighting the justifications for the viability and efficacy of different transplantation sites as well as the potential advantages and drawbacks of retroperitoneal or preperitoneal area.
Assuntos
Criopreservação , Preservação da Fertilidade , Ovário , Humanos , Feminino , Ovário/transplante , Criopreservação/métodos , Preservação da Fertilidade/métodos , Espaço Retroperitoneal/cirurgiaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Chemotherapy and radiation therapy are considered standard treatments for stage II seminoma patients; however, these therapies are associated with long-term toxicities. Recently, retroperitoneal lymph node dissection has emerged as an alternative strategy, and the first three phase II trials were published in 2023 with promising results. The present study conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate this surgery as an alternative treatment for stage IIA/B seminoma patients. PURPOSE: Seminomas are the most common testicular tumors, often affecting young adult males. Standard treatments for stage II seminomas include chemotherapy and radiation therapy, but these therapies are associated with long-term toxicities. Thus, identifying alternative strategies is paramount. Herein, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to appraise the efficacy and safety of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) for treating this condition. METHODS: We systematically searched the PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for studies evaluating RPLND as a primary treatment for stage II A/B seminomas. Using a random-effects model, single proportion and means and pooled 2-year recurrence-free survival rates with hazard rates and 95% CI were calculated. RESULTS: Seven studies were included, comprising 331 males with stage II seminomas. In the pooled analysis, the recurrence rate was 17.69% (95% CI 12.31-24.75), and the 2-year RFS rate was 81% (95% CI 0.77-0.86). The complication rate was 9.16% (95% CI 6.16-13.42), the Clavien-Dindo > 2 complication rate was 8.83% (95% CI 5.76-13.31), and the retrograde ejaculation rate was 7.01% (95% CI 3.54-13.40). The median operative time was 174.68 min (95% CI 122.17-249.76 min), median blood loss was 105.91 mL (95% CI 46.89-239.22 mL), and patients with no evidence of lymph node involvement ranged from 0-16%. CONCLUSIONS: Primary RPLNDs for treating stage IIA/B seminomas have favorable RFS rates, with low complication and recurrence rates. These findings provide evidence that this surgery is a viable alternative therapy for these patients.
Assuntos
Excisão de Linfonodo , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Seminoma , Neoplasias Testiculares , Humanos , Excisão de Linfonodo/métodos , Seminoma/cirurgia , Seminoma/patologia , Neoplasias Testiculares/cirurgia , Neoplasias Testiculares/patologia , Masculino , Espaço Retroperitoneal , Resultado do Tratamento , Intervalo Livre de DoençaRESUMO
Introducción. El espacio extraperitoneal, se define como el segmento topográfico ubicado entre el peritoneo parietal internamente y la fascia transversalis externamente. Como resultado del desarrollo y consolidación de la cirugía laparoscópica, en particular de la herniorrafia inguinal por esta vía, se ha presentado un renovado y creciente interés en esta área anatómica, debido a la importancia de su conocimiento detallado en la cirugía de mínima invasión. Métodos. Se hizo una revisión narrativa de la literatura para presentar una información actualizada y detallada sobre la anatomía del espacio extraperitoneal y su importancia en diferentes procedimientos quirúrgicos realizados actualmente. Resultados. Por fuera del espacio peritoneal, se encuentran las áreas anatómicas externas al peritoneo parietal, que incluyen la preperitoneal y la retroperitoneal. Mediante la laparoscopia, se pueden localizar en estos espacios cinco triángulos anatómicos, además de la corona mortis y el triángulo supra vesical. Conclusión. El conocimiento del espacio extraperitoneal es de gran importancia para el cirujano general, teniendo en cuenta los múltiples procedimientos que requieren el abordaje de esta área topográfica
Introduction. The extraperitoneal space is defined as the topographic segment located between the parietal peritoneum internally and the fascia transversalis externally. As a result of the development and consolidation of laparoscopic surgery, particularly inguinal herniorrhaphy by this route, there has been a renewed and growing interest in this anatomical area, due to the importance of its detailed knowledge in minimally invasive surgery. Methods. A narrative review of the literature was made to present updated and detailed information on the anatomy of the extraperitoneal space and its importance in different surgical procedures currently performed. Results. Outside the peritoneal space are the anatomical areas external to the parietal peritoneum, including the preperitoneal and extraperitoneal. Using laparoscopy, five anatomical triangles, in addition to the corona mortis and the supravesical triangle, can be located in these spaces. Conclusion. Knowledge of the extraperitoneal space is of great importance for the general surgeon, taking into account the multiple procedures that require the approach of this topographic area
Assuntos
Humanos , Espaço Retroperitoneal , Hérnia Inguinal , Cavidade Peritoneal , Laparoscopia , AnatomiaRESUMO
Wunderlich syndrome, or spontaneous renal hemorrhage (SRH), is a rare condition encountered in patients undergoing chronic hemodialysis (HD) usually attributed to acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) among other causes. In the literature, colonoscopy is associated with splenic injuries, and renal hemorrhage has not been previously described. Management can range from conservative treatment to angiographic embolization or exploration and nephrectomy. Here we report an unusual case of a 54-year-old woman HD patient who presented with SRH within a few days of colonoscopy. The reason of SRH was rupture of an ACKD cyst. We assumed that colonoscopy was a provoking factor and elaborated hypotheses for its etiopathogenesis. The patient underwent successful left nephrectomy. The importance of this case lies in the fact that colonoscopy is not always an innocent procedure in HD patients, and could be complicated by renal cyst hemorrhage.
Assuntos
Neoplasias Renais , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espaço Retroperitoneal , Síndrome , Hemorragia/etiologia , Diálise Renal/efeitos adversosRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy (RPLND) is well established as a primary treatment, especially for high-risk stage I and stage IIA/B nonseminomatous tumors, but its value in seminomatous tumors is underreported (1). Classically, seminomas with isolated retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy are treated with external beam radiation therapy or systemic chemotherapy. Although these modalities are effective, they are associated with significant long-term morbidity (2, 3). Some retrospective studies have demonstrated the potential of RPLND as a first-line treatment for stage IIa seminoma, and two very recent prospective trials, still with interim results: SEMS TRIAL and PRIMETEST(3-7). The RPLND robotic technique has been previously described in the post-chemotherapy scenario, however, surgical videos of primary laparoscopic approach are lacking, especially in seminomatous disease (8). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We present two cases of primary videolaparoscopic RPLND, using different approaches. Case 1: Thirty four years-old, with prior right orchiectomy for mixed tumor. After 8 months he presented an two cm enlarged interaortocaval lymph node. Percutaneous biopsy showed pure seminoma metastasis. Case 2: Thirty three years-old, with previous left orchiectomy for stage I pure seminoma, without risk factors. After nine months, the patient had a three cm enlarged para-aortic lymph node. RESULTS: The surgical time ranged from 150 to 210 minutes, with a maximum bleeding of 300 mL and hospital discharge in 48 hours. In one of the cases, we identified a significant desmoplastic reaction, with firm adhesions to the great vessels, requiring vascular sutures, however, no major complication occurred. Pathological anatomy confirmed pure seminoma lymph node metastases in both cases. CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic primary RPLND proved to be technically feasible, with less postoperative pain and early hospital discharge. We understand that more studies should be performed to confirm our oncological results.
Assuntos
Laparoscopia , Seminoma , Neoplasias Testiculares , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Seminoma/cirurgia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Estudos de Viabilidade , Neoplasias Testiculares/patologia , Espaço Retroperitoneal/cirurgia , Excisão de Linfonodo/métodos , Laparoscopia/métodos , Biópsia , Estadiamento de NeoplasiasRESUMO
Introdução: Os lipossarcomas são tumores malignos raros de origem mesenquimal, a partir de precursores de adipócitos, podendo ocorrer no retroperitônio. Os lipossarcomas retroperitoneais representam de 0,3% a 0,6% das neoplasias malignas. Em virtude do crescimento lento e assintomático do tumor, tendo como principal manifestação clínica o aumento do volume abdominal, o quadro é comumente acompanhado de um diagnóstico tardio e curso indolente. Relato do caso: Homem, 70 anos de idade, com aumento progressivo abdominal há cerca de dois anos. A ressonância magnética demonstrou uma formação em topografia retroperitoneal à direita, promovendo importante desvio das estruturas da linha média, com presença de conteúdo sólido acima da estrutura supradescrita. Foi submetido à laparotomia xifopúbica, com apresentação de massa gigante retroperitoneal que ocupava todo abdome, com deslocamento das alças intestinais e rim direito. Foram realizadas ressecção do tumor em bloco, rafia diafragmática e colecistectomia. Após três meses do primeiro procedimento cirúrgico, o paciente apresentou novamente aumento do volume abdominal, com confirmação de recidiva tumoral após realização de exames de imagem. Um novo procedimento cirúrgico foi realizado, revelando tumor com cápsula rompida e múltiplos coágulos. Após alta hospitalar, foi submetido a sessões de radioterapia complementares à cirurgia. Conclusão: A rápida reapresentação do paciente após o surgimento da recidiva, comum nesses casos, foi essencial para a redução de resíduos na segunda cirurgia, evidenciando a importância de exames periódicos para o reconhecimento precoce da recorrência local. No presente caso, também foram realizadas sessões de radioterapia, com a finalidade de evitar a recidiva, sem sucesso.
Introduction: Liposarcomas are rare malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin, from adipocyte precursors, which may occur in the retroperitoneum. Retroperitoneal liposarcomas account for 0.3% to 0.6% of malignant neoplasms and the main symptom is increased abdominal volume. Due to the slow and asymptomatic growth of the tumor, the condition is commonly associated with late diagnosis and indolent course. Case report: 70-year-old man with progressive abdominal enlargement for about two years. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a formation in the right retroperitoneal topography, promoting significant deviation of the midline structures. Furthermore, there was a solid content above the structure described above. A xiphopubic laparotomy was performed with presentation of giant retroperitoneal mass occupying the entire abdomen, displacing the intestinal loops and the right kidney. En bloc tumor resection, diaphragmatic raffia and cholecystectomy were performed. Three months after the first surgical procedure, the patient presented a novel increase of the abdominal volume which imaging tests showed tumor recurrence. A new surgical procedure was performed, revealing a tumor with a ruptured capsule and multiple clots. After hospital discharge, the patient was submitted to complementary radiotherapy Conclusion: The fast return of the patient after the recurrence, common in these cases, was essential to reduce the residues of the second surgery, highlighting the importance of periodic examinations for the early recognition of local recurrence. In this case, radiotherapy sessions were also performed to prevent recurrence, however, unsuccessful.
Introducción: Los liposarcomas son tumores malignos raros de origen mesenquimatoso, a partir de precursores de los adipocitos, y pueden presentarse en el retroperitoneo. Los liposarcomas retroperitoneales representan del 0,3% al 0,6% de las neoplasias malignas, siendo el síntoma principal el aumento de volumen abdominal. Debido al crecimiento lento y asintomático del tumor, la condición se acompaña comúnmente de un diagnóstico tardío y un curso indolente. Informe del caso: Varón, 70 años, con agrandamiento abdominal progresivo de unos 2 años de evolución. La resonancia magnética nuclear mostró una formación en la topografía retroperitoneal hacia la derecha, promoviendo una desviación significativa de las estructuras de la línea media. Además, se observó un contenido sólido por encima de la estructura descrita anteriormente. Considerando la principal hipótesis diagnóstica, liposarcoma de retroperitoneo, se realizó laparotomía, evidenciándose una masa retroperitoneal gigante que ocupaba todo el abdomen, que desplazaba las asas intestinales y el riñón derecho. Se realizó disección y resección del tumor en bloque para extirpar la masa tumoral, así como rafia diafragmática y colecistectomía. A los tres meses del primer acto quirúrgico, el paciente volvió a presentar aumento de volumen abdominal, en el que las pruebas de imagen mostraron recidiva tumoral. Se realizó un nuevo procedimiento quirúrgico que reveló un tumor con una cápsula rota y múltiples coágulos. Conclusión: El rápido retorno del paciente tras el inicio de la recidiva, frecuente en estos casos, fue fundamental para reducir los residuos en la segunda cirugía, destacando la importancia de las exploraciones periódicas para el reconocimiento precoz de la recidiva local. En este caso también se realizaron sesiones de radioterapia, con el objetivo de prevenir la recurrencia, sin éxito.
Assuntos
Espaço Retroperitoneal , Laparotomia , LipossarcomaRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Psoas abscess is a rare pathological entity being retroperitonescopy an unusual therapeutic modality for its resolution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The objective is to present and describe five patients with a diagnosis of psoas abscess that were resolved by retroperitoneoscopy in our institution and then carried out a non-systematic review of the literature. RESULTS: The mean age was 58.8 years and 80% were male. All patients had back pain and none had therapeutic resolution with conservative treatment. 60% of the patients had a methicillin sensitive Staphyylococus Aureus. In the follow-up with a mean of 10.2 months, no recurrence was observed. CONCLUSIONS: Early diagnosis of psoas abscess is important for its correct resolution. In our small series of patients, retroperitoneoscopy was an effective treatment.
Assuntos
Laparoscopia , Abscesso do Psoas , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Abscesso do Psoas/cirurgia , Abscesso do Psoas/diagnóstico , Abscesso do Psoas/etiologia , Espaço Retroperitoneal/patologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Introduction: Transosseous biopsy allows sampling of lesions that are difficult to access with conventional techniques. Its use avoids surgeries. Objective: To present a clinical case in which retroperitoneal percutaneous biopsy with trans vertebral approach was used. A brief bibliographic revision of this technique will be made. Case: 60 year old woman with endometrial adenocarcinoma, with 7 months of clinical symptoms characterized by asthenia and non-specific lumbar pain. An intercaval aortic lymphadenopathy was found. Trans vertebral biopsy of the lesion was decided, its location precluded conventional approaches access. Conclusion: This technique must be considered when studying unreacheable lesions by other means and performed by trained professionals.
Introducción: La biopsia trans ósea permite el estudio de lesiones que presentan accesos convencionales bloqueados por otras estructuras, como órganos vitales. Su uso evita procedimientos de mayor complejidad. Objetivo: Reportar un caso clínico en el cual se utilizó la técnica de biopsia percutánea con abordaje trans vertebral para toma de muestra. En forma secundaria se hará una breve revisión de la bibliografía. Caso: Caso: Mujer de 60 años, con adenocarcinoma de endometrio con cuadro clínico de 7 meses caracterizado por astenia y dolor lumbar. Presentaba una linfadenopatía intercavo-aórtica. Se decidió biopsiar de forma trans vertebral debido a que su ubicación limitaba otros abordajes. Conclusión: Este abordaje debe ser considerado para acceder a lesiones inalcanzables por otras vías y ser empleado por profesionales entrenados. Palabras claves: biopsia guiada por imágenes; metástasis linfática; neoplasias de endometrio.