RESUMO
Herpes simplex virus type 1 is one of the most frequent causes of oral infection in humans, especially during early childhood. Several experimental models have been developed to study the pathogenesis of this virus but all of them employed adult animals. In this work, we developed an experimental model that uses mice younger than 4 days old, to more closely resemble human infection. Mice were infected subcutaneously with the prototype strain McIntyre of Herpes simplex-1, and the progression of infection was studied by immunoperoxidase. All animals died within 24-72 h post-infection, while viral antigens were found in the oral epithelium, nerves and brain. The most striking result was the finding of viral antigens in the nucleus and cytoplasm of cells belonging to striated muscles. Organotypic cultures of striated muscles were performed, and viral replication was observed in them by immunocytochemistry, electron microscopy and viral isolation. We conclude that the infection of striated muscles is present from the onset of oral infection and, eventually, could explain some clinical observations in humans.
Assuntos
Herpesvirus Humano 1/fisiologia , Músculo Estriado/virologia , Estomatite Herpética/virologia , Língua/virologia , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Antígenos Virais/análise , Encéfalo/virologia , Causas de Morte , Núcleo Celular/virologia , Chlorocebus aethiops , Citoplasma/virologia , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Progressão da Doença , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Mucosa Bucal/virologia , Células Musculares/virologia , Músculo Estriado/inervação , Fibras Nervosas/virologia , Neurônios/virologia , Organismos Livres de Patógenos Específicos , Estomatite Herpética/imunologia , Técnicas de Cultura de Tecidos , Língua/inervação , Células Vero , Replicação Viral/fisiologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a member of the human herpes virus family. Most of the population (90%) has antibodies to HSV-1, and as many as 40% of these individuals may develop secondary herpes. Shedding of HSV-1 in the oral mucosa can be induced by many factors, including stress, sunlight, menstruation, and physical trauma. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of dental surgical procedures on HSV-1 shedding in the oral mucosa. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The case group comprised 48 patients undergoing third molar extraction (case group) and 48 patients undergoing conventional restorative procedures (control group). All of the patients were IgG-positive for HSV-1. Oral swabs were performed before and 1 week after the procedures to investigate HSV-1 reactivation by nested polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: The frequency of positive oral swabs to HSV-1 in the group that underwent surgery (4.2%) was not statistically different from that in the control group (2.1%). CONCLUSIONS: The results indicate that oral surgical trauma does not have a significant impact on HSV-1 shedding in the oral mucosa.