RESUMO
Boswellia serrata is an herbal extract from the Boswellia serrata tree that has anti-inflammatory and analgesic properties and alleviates pain caused by rheumatoid arthritis, gout, osteoarthritis, and sciatica. Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion accompanied by hyponatremia, seizures, and rhabdomyolysis as a manifestation of Boswellia serrata intoxication has not been reported previously. A 38-year-old female suffered clinically isolated syndrome and has since been regularly taking B. serrata capsules (200mg/d) to strengthen her immune system. She experienced hypersensitivity to light, ocular pain, nausea, dizziness, and lower limb weakness four days after receiving her first BNT162b2 vaccine dose, and she increased the dosage of B. serrata to five capsules (1000mg/d) one week after vaccination. After taking B. serrata at a dosage of 1000mg/d for 3 weeks, she was admitted to the intensive care unit because of a first, unprovoked generalized tonic-clonic seizure. The patient's workup revealed syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, which resolved completely upon treatment and discontinuation of B. serrata. In summary, B. serrata potentially causes syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion when it is taken at high doses. Patients should not self-medicate.
Assuntos
Boswellia , Hiponatremia , Síndrome de Secreção Inadequada de HAD , Rabdomiólise , Convulsões , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Síndrome de Secreção Inadequada de HAD/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Secreção Inadequada de HAD/induzido quimicamente , Hiponatremia/induzido quimicamente , Hiponatremia/etiologia , Rabdomiólise/induzido quimicamente , Rabdomiólise/diagnóstico , Convulsões/etiologia , Convulsões/induzido quimicamente , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversosRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The plants of the genus Casimirella ampla (Miers) (C. ampla) are extensively used in folk medicine. For a long time, rural communities have been using extracts from its roots for food and therapeutic purposes. The extract is rich in diterpenoid annonalide (Annona), which has antiophidic, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties. Inflammation is the body's primary defense mechanism against cell damage and invasion by pathogens, which can trigger acute and chronic inflammatory processes. The first line of treatment for this condition consists of the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but these have numerous associated collateral damages, based on scientific knowledge about diterpenoids from C. ampla, as well as their already reported antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory properties. AIMS OF THE STUDY: Evaluate the effect of Annona in classic models of inflammation and pain. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Animals were pretreated with Annona (0.1, 1.0 and 10 mg/kg), or Tween 80 (2%), or indomethacin (Indo) (10 mg/kg) orally in the paw edema tests induced by carrageenan (Cg), serotonin (5-HT), histamine, bradykinin, 48/80 and, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), evaluating microscopic lesion scores, migration of leukocytes to the peritoneal cavity, concentration of myeloperoxide (MPO), malonyldialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH), abdominal contortion test by acetic acid and formalin test. RESULTS: Treatment with Annona compound at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg was more effective in reducing inflammatory, oxidant and nociceptive parameters, as it reduced paw edema induced by carrageenan, through different mediators and migration of inflammatory cells. Furthermore, it worked by reducing the concentration of MPO, MDA, preserving GSH levels and reducing nociception caused by formalin and acetic acid.
Assuntos
Analgésicos , Magnoliopsida , Animais , Carragenina , Analgésicos/efeitos adversos , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Anti-Inflamatórios/efeitos adversos , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Glutationa/metabolismo , Magnoliopsida/metabolismo , Acetatos , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Edema/metabolismoRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The Eugenia uniflora leaf infusion is widely used in folk medicine to treat gastroenteritis, fever, hypertension, inflammatory and diuretic diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY: This work evaluated the acute oral toxic, antinociceptive, and anti-inflammatory activities of the curzerene chemotype of Eugenia uniflora essential oil (EuEO). MATERIAL AND METHODS: EuEO was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. The antinociceptive action in mice was evaluated for the peripheral and central analgesic activity using abdominal contortion and hot plate tests (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg); xylene-induced ear swelling was carried out for the nociception test, and carrageenan-induced cell migration test. Spontaneous locomotor activity was assessed in the open field test to rule out any nonspecific sedative or muscle relaxant effects of EuEO. RESULTS: The EuEO displayed a yield of 2.6 ± 0.7%. The major compounds classes were oxygenated sesquiterpenoids (57.3 ± 0.2%), followed by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (16.4 ± 2.6). The chemical constituents with the highest concentrations were curzerene (33.4 ± 8.5%), caryophyllene oxide (7.6 ± 2.8%), ß-elemene (6.5 ± 1.8%), and E-caryophyllene (4.1 ± 0.3%). Oral treatment with EuEO, at doses of 50, 300, and 2000 mg/kg, did not change the behavior patterns or mortality of the animals. EuEO (300 mg/kg) did not cause a reduction in the number of crossings in the open field compared to the vehicle group. The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level was higher in EuEO-treated groups (50 and 2000 mg/kg) when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). EuEO, at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg, reduced the number of abdominal writhings by 61.66%, 38.33%, and 33.33%. EuEO did not show increased hot plate test time latency in any of the intervals analyzed. At 200 mg/kg, EuEO decreased paw licking time, with inhibition of 63.43%. In formalin-induced acute pain, EuEO decreased paw licking time at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg in the first phase, with inhibition of 30.54%, 55.02%, and 80.87%. The groups treated with EuEO at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg showed ear edema reduction of 50.26%, 55.17%, and 51.31%, respectively. Moreover, EuEO inhibited leukocyte recruitment only at a dose of 200 mg/kg. The inhibitory values of leukocyte recruitment after 4 h of carrageenan application were 4.86%, 4.93%, and 47.25% for 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of essential oil, respectively. CONCLUSION: The EuEO, curzerene chemotype, has significant antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities and low acute oral toxicity. This work confirms the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory of this species as the traditional use.
Assuntos
Eugenia , Óleos Voláteis , Sesquiterpenos , Camundongos , Animais , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/uso terapêutico , Óleos Voláteis/química , Carragenina , Eugenia/química , Brasil , Dor/induzido quimicamente , Dor/tratamento farmacológico , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Analgésicos/farmacologia , Analgésicos/uso terapêutico , Analgésicos/química , Sesquiterpenos/uso terapêutico , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Edema/tratamento farmacológicoRESUMO
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.) is traditionally used for stomach pain and gastric relief. However, its possible gastroprotective effect has not yet been experimentally evaluated. AIM OF THE STUDY: This study evaluated the gastroprotective effect of aqueous extracts obtained through hot and room temperature maceration of A. absinthium aerial parts in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The gastroprotective effect of hot aqueous extract (HAE) and room temperature aqueous extract (RTAE) from A. absinthium aerial parts were evaluated in rats using a model of acute gastric ulcer induced by ethanol p.a. The stomachs were collected to measure the gastric lesion area and histological and biochemical analysis. UHPLC-HRMS/MS analysis was used to determine the chemical profile of the extracts. RESULTS: Eight main peaks in the UHPLC chromatogram were identified in both HAE and RTAE extracts: tuberonic acid glycoside (1), rupicolin (2), 2-hydroxyeupatolide (3), yangabin (4), sesartemin (5), artemetin (6), isoalantodiene (7), and dehydroartemorin (8). For RTAE, a higher diversity of sesquiterpene lactones was observed. The groups treated with RTAE at 3%, 10%, and 30% presented a gastroprotective effect, reducing the lesion area by 64.68%, 53.71%, and 90.04%, respectively, when compared with the vehicle (VEH)-treated group. On the other hand, the groups treated with HAE at 3%, 10%, and 30% presented values of lesion areas higher than those of the VEH group. Changes in the submucosa layer, inflammatory process with edema, cellular infiltration, and mucin depletion were detected in the gastric mucosa exposed to ethanol, which was fully prevented by RTAE treatment. Neither HAE nor RTAE could increase the reduced glutathione levels in the injured gastric tissue, but RTAE (30%) reduced the formation of lipid hydroperoxides. When the rats were pre-treated with NEM (a chelator of non-protein thiols) or L-NAME (non-selective nitric oxide synthase inhibitor), the RTAE lost the ability to protect the gastric mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: This study corroborates the ethnopharmacological use of this specie to treat gastric disorders revealing the gastroprotective effect of the room-temperature aqueous extract of A. absinthium aerial parts. Its mode of action may involve the ability of the infusion to maintain the gastric mucosal barrier integrity.
Assuntos
Antiulcerosos , Artemisia absinthium , Plantas Medicinais , Úlcera Gástrica , Ratos , Animais , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Ratos Wistar , Antiulcerosos/farmacologia , Antiulcerosos/uso terapêutico , Mucosa Gástrica , Úlcera Gástrica/induzido quimicamente , Úlcera Gástrica/tratamento farmacológico , Úlcera Gástrica/prevenção & controle , Etanol/farmacologia , FitoterapiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the effects of aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of Seidlitzia rosmarinus on reproductive hormones, sperm variables, and antioxidant enzymes level in the mice testis. METHODS: In this experimental study, 24 three-month-old male NMRI mice weighing (25-30g) were divided into three groups: control, aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts of Seidlitzia rosmarinus 100mg/kg. Dissolved extracts were gavaged orally for 35 days. One day after receiving the last dose of the extract, the blood sample, testis, and the epididymis tail were taken for plasma hormonal, testicular antioxidants level, sperm count, and vitality assessments. RESULTS: Testicular level of malondialdehyde increased in aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts groups (p=0.04); total antioxidant capacity decreased in aqueous and hydro-alcoholic extracts groups (p=0.008); and the consumption of aqueous (p<0.001) and hydro-alcoholic (p=0.03) extracts decreased catalase in comparison with the control group. The plasma level of luteinizing hormone decreased in the aqueous extracts administrated group (p=0.009); the follicle-stimulating hormone increased in aqueous (p=0.03), and hydro-alcoholic extracts administered mice; and the testosterone level decreased in aqueous extract-treated animals versus the control group (p<0.001). The sperm count was increased in aqueous (p=0.04) and hydro-alcoholic (p=0.009) extracts groups, but its vitality was decreased (p=0.008) in comparison with the control group. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, Seidlitzia rosmarinus has an adverse effect on male reproductive hormones and sperm viability via increased lipid peroxidation and reduced antioxidant defense system performance.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes , Rosmarinus , Ratos , Masculino , Camundongos , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Ratos Wistar , Contagem de Espermatozoides , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Sementes , Testículo , Hormônio FoliculoestimulanteRESUMO
Abstract Angiotensin II (AngII) causes endothelial dysfunction. Eucommia ulmoides extract (EUE) is documented to manipulate AngII, but its impact on cardiac microvascular endothelial cell (CMVEC) function remains unknown. This study determines the effects of EUE on AngII-treated CMVECs. CMVECs were treated with different concentrations of AngII or EUE alone and/or the p53 protein activator, WR-1065, before AngII treatment, followed by examinations of the apoptotic, migratory, proliferative, and angiogenic capacities and nitric oxide (NO), p53, von Willebrand factor (vWF), endothelin (ET)-1, endothelial NO synthase (eNOS), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels. AngII induced CMVEC dysfunction in a concentration-dependent manner. EUE enhanced the proliferative, migratory, and angiogenic capacities and NO, MnSOD, and eNOS levels but repressed apoptosis and vWF and ET-1 levels in AngII-induced dysfunctional CMVECs. Moreover, AngII increased p53 mRNA levels, p-p53 levels in the nucleus, and p53 protein levels in the cytoplasm and diminishes HIF-1α and VEGF levels in CMVECs; however, these effects were counteracted by EUE treatment. Moreover, WR-1065 abrogated the mitigating effects of EUE on AngII-induced CMVEC dysfunction by activating p53 and decreasing HIF-1α and VEGF expression. In conclusion, EUE attenuates AngII-induced CMVEC dysfunction by upregulating HIF-1α and VEGF levels via p53 inactivation
Assuntos
Eucommiaceae/efeitos adversos , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Células Endoteliais/classificação , Fator A de Crescimento do Endotélio Vascular/análiseRESUMO
Abstract The present study investigated the effects of valerian methanolic extract and valerenic acid on the expression of LL-37 gene and protein in A549 and MRC5 line cells. After preparing Valerian seeds, sowing them in March 2020, and harvesting the rhizome in October 2020, the extract was prepared from the valerian rhizome by maceration method. Valerian acid content was determined using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Two cell lines (A549 and MRC-5) were used to study the effects of valerian extract, and the MTT test was used to evaluate cell viability. The expression of LL-37 mRNA and protein was assessed by Real-Time PCR and western blot, respectively. In vivo safety assessments and histopathological analysis were also conducted. Data was analyzed by Graphpad Prism 8 software. Valerian methanolic extract and valerenic acid upregulated the LL-37 mRNA and protein expression in both treated cell lines. Valerenic acid showed a greater effect on upregulating LL-37 expression than valerian methanolic extract. A549 cells were more sensitive to valerian methanolic extract compared to MRC5 cells, and its cell viability was reduced. Furthermore, liver and kidney-related safety assessments showed that valerian methanolic extract had no toxic effects. In general, it was concluded that the methanolic extract of valerian as well as the resulting valerenic acid as the most important component of the extract has the ability to upregulate LL-37expression. Therefore, methanolic extract of valerian and valerenic acid can be considered for improving the immune system.
Assuntos
Valeriana/efeitos adversos , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Catelicidinas/efeitos adversos , Western Blotting/instrumentação , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Peptídeos Catiônicos Antimicrobianos/agonistas , Células A549/classificação , Genes/genética , Fígado/anormalidadesRESUMO
The scarcity and increase in the price of animal feeds have attracted the attention of nutritionists to address this issue. The inclusion of plant extracts and enzymes to protein-reduced diet could be a feasible strategy to reducing the feed cost. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to assess the impacts of Yucca schidigera extract and multi-carbohydrase in low crude protein (CP) diets of broiler on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass metrics, and noxious gas levels in the excreta. A total of 480, 1-d-old ROSS 308 were randomly allocated into 4 dietary treatments, six replication, and 20 birds/cage. Phase 1, T1(CP 21%, ME 2,969 kcal/kg); T2 (CP 19%, ME 2,863 kcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca); T3 (CP 17%, ME 2,865 kcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca); T4 (CP 17%, ME 2,861 kcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca + 0.1% multi-carbohydrase). Phase 2, T1 (CP 19%, ME 3,086 kcal/kg); T2 (CP 17%, ME 2,977 kcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca); T3 (CP 15%, ME 2,978 kcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca); T4 (CP 15%, ME 2,978 kcal/kg + 0.02% Yucca + 0.1% 0.1% multi-carbohydrase). Although the addition of YS and multi-carbohydrase to the low CP diets on the growth performance did not improve, it revealed the positive result on the nutrient digestibility, carcass parameters, and noxious gas emission. Overall, broilers supplemented with YS 0.02% and multi-carbohydrase (0.1%) demonstrated the best production performances compared to the other treatment groups. Thus, a combination of YS and multi-carbohydrase could be added to the diets with low CP to boost broiler production performance.(AU)
Assuntos
Galinhas/fisiologia , Yucca/efeitos adversos , Ração Animal/análise , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Hibiscus sabdariffa L. (HSL) has high amounts of antioxidants and many beneficial effects in several pathologies. However, few studies describe the possible harmful effects of high concentrations of HSL. Here we evaluate the effect of excessive and chronic consumption of infusions with different percentages of HSL on some oxidative stress markers in serum, and the possible association with inflammation and increased systolic blood pressure (SBP), in healthy rats. A total of 32 male Wistar rats were used to form 4 groups with 8 animals each. Group 1 control (drinking tap water), group 2, 3 and 4, drinking water supplemented with 15, 30 and 60 g/L of HSL calyxes respectively. SBP was evaluated and determinations in serum of the NO3-/NO2- ratio, glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), selenium (Se), TNF-α, IL-1α/IL-1F1, IL-1ß, IL-10, extracellular superoxide dismutase (EcSOD), thioredoxin reductase (TrxR) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, were evaluated. The SBP (p = 0.01), GPx activity, GSH, TAC, Se, TNF-α and EcSOD activities (p ≤ 0.001) and IL-1α/IL-1F1, IL-1ß, TrxR and NO3-/NO2- (p ≤ 0.05), were increased but IL-10 (p < 0.001) was decreased in rats that consumed the 3 and 6% HSL infusions. The excessive and chronic consumption of HSL may increase the TAC that could lead to a proinflammatory state which is associated with hypertension.
Assuntos
Hibiscus , Extratos Vegetais , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Pressão Sanguínea , Glutationa , Glutationa Peroxidase , Hibiscus/química , Inflamação , Interleucina-10 , Masculino , Dióxido de Nitrogênio , Extratos Vegetais/efeitos adversos , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Selênio , Superóxido Dismutase , Tiorredoxina Dissulfeto Redutase , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfaRESUMO
To assess the effects of Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt on climacteric symptoms and sexual function in women receiving tamoxifen after breast cancer treatment. A prospective study of women treated at the Mastology Outpatient Clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the Santa Casa de Sao Paulo School of Medical Science of the hospital was conducted between 2018 and 2021. Patients diagnosed with breast cancer that underwent surgical, radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatment more than one year prior, receiving tamoxifen, exhibited climacteric symptoms and were sexually active were selected. Total of 34 women were recruited and during outpatient visits completed sociodemographic questionnaire, Blatt-Kupperman Index (KI) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). The group showed improvements in climacteric symptoms (p<.001) and sexual function (p=.011) after the 6-month follow-up. Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt promoted improvements in climacteric symptoms and sexual function in women surgically treated for breast cancer. Clinical Trials.gov ID: NCT02467686.Impact StatementWhat is already known on this subject? The medications used for the treatment of breast cancer can lead to important complaints of vasomotor manifestations with a negative impact on the success of their treatment, and cases have been described until their interruption. Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt. is described in several works as a therapy to alleviate these symptoms. Numerous works in the literature present climatic symptoms and sexual function with a selective approach to the themes.What do the results of this study add? Our study evaluated a group of women who were treated for breast cancer after menopause taking into account the following aspects: climacteric symptoms and sexual function. When we reviewed the literature, we did not find, so far, work similar to ours.What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? In clinical practice, assessing vasomotor symptoms and sexual response of breast cancer patients can contribute towards improving the lives of this patient group. Prescribing Cimicifuga racemosa (L.) Nutt in cases with climacteric complaints and poor sexual response can relieve distress and promote better health and life status for these women. Although the present investigation has generated important data on female breast cancer survivors, there are limitations regarding the number of participants. We recommend further clinical research with expansion of the sample studied and the results presented.