RESUMO

Platynosomum sp. es el más grande parásito hepatobiliar de la familia Felidae, causador de una lesión obstructiva extrahepática que puede ser tratada por cirugía. Un felino, sin raza definida, dos años de edad, semidomiciliado, fue atendido con un cuadro clínico de apatía, ictericia, deshidratación y elevación de enzimas hepáticas. En la ecografía abdominal se observó el hígado aumentado, vasos hepáticos y la vena porta con un mayor diámetro, la vesícula llena de contenido anecoico, sedimentación, espesamiento y hiperrefringencia de la pared de el conducto biliar principal dilatado con pared gruesa. Fue realizada colecistectomía con enterotomia duodenal. La inspección de los contenidos de la vesícula biliar reveló parásitos con una apariencia aplanada y la evaluación microscópica fue consistente con Platynosomum sp. El tratamiento con niclosamida y oxibendazol fue efectivo. Colecistectomía asociada con enterotomia duodenal es eficaz en tales casos.(AU)

Platynosomum sp. is the major hepatobiliary parasite of felids, causing an extra-hepatic obstructive lesion which may be treated by surgery. A two-year old cross-bred feline, semi-domiciled, was attended with a clinical picture of apathy, jaundice, dehydration and increase in hepatic enzymes. In the abdominal ultrasonography the liver was observed enlarged, hepatic and portal veins with increased diameter, gall bladder filled by anechoic content, with sediment, thickening and hyperechogenicity of the wall and a dilated main bile duct with a thickened wall. The cholecystectomy with a duodenal enterotomy was performed. The inspection of the gall bladders content revealed parasites with a flattened aspect and the microscopic evaluation was compatible with Platynosomum sp. A treatment with niclosamide and oxibendazole was efficient. Cholecystectomy associated to a duodenal enterotomy is efficient in these cases.(AU)

Platynosomum sp. é o maior parasito hepatobiliar de felídeos, causando uma lesão obstrutiva extra-hepática a qual pode ser tratada por cirurgia. Um felino, de dois anos de idade, sem raça definida, semidomiciliado, foi atendido apresentando um quadro clínico de apatia, icterícia, desidratação e aumento de enzimas hepáticas. Na ultrassonografia abdominal o fígado estava aumentado, vasos hepáticos e veia porta com aumento de diâmetro, vesícula biliar preenchida por conteúdo anecoico, com sedimentação, espessamento e hiperecogenicidade da parede e ducto biliar principal dilatado com parede espessada. Realizou-se a colecistectomia com enterotomia duodenal. A inspeção do conteúdo da vesicular biliar revelou parasitos com um aspecto achatado e a avaliação microscópica foi compatível com Platynosomum sp. O tratamento com niclosamida e oxibendazole foi eficiente. Colecistectomia associada à enterotomia duodenal é eficiente nesses casos.(AU)

Assuntos

RESUMO

Platynosomum sp. es el más grande parásito hepatobiliar de la familia Felidae, causador de una lesión obstructiva extrahepática que puede ser tratada por cirugía. Un felino, sin raza definida, dos años de edad, semidomiciliado, fue atendido con un cuadro clínico de apatía, ictericia, deshidratación y elevación de enzimas hepáticas. En la ecografía abdominal se observó el hígado aumentado, vasos hepáticos y la vena porta con un mayor diámetro, la vesícula llena de contenido anecoico, sedimentación, espesamiento y hiperrefringencia de la pared de el conducto biliar principal dilatado con pared gruesa. Fue realizada colecistectomía con enterotomia duodenal. La inspección de los contenidos de la vesícula biliar reveló parásitos con una apariencia aplanada y la evaluación microscópica fue consistente con Platynosomum sp. El tratamiento con niclosamida y oxibendazol fue efectivo. Colecistectomía asociada con enterotomia duodenal es eficaz en tales casos.

Platynosomum sp. is the major hepatobiliary parasite of felids, causing an extra-hepatic obstructive lesion which may be treated by surgery. A two-year old cross-bred feline, semi-domiciled, was attended with a clinical picture of apathy, jaundice, dehydration and increase in hepatic enzymes. In the abdominal ultrasonography the liver was observed enlarged, hepatic and portal veins with increased diameter, gall bladder filled by anechoic content, with sediment, thickening and hyperechogenicity of the wall and a dilated main bile duct with a thickened wall. The cholecystectomy with a duodenal enterotomy was performed. The inspection of the gall bladder’s content revealed parasites with a flattened aspect and the microscopic evaluation was compatible with Platynosomum sp. A treatment with niclosamide and oxibendazole was efficient. Cholecystectomy associated to a duodenal enterotomy is efficient in these cases.

Platynosomum sp. é o maior parasito hepatobiliar de felídeos, causando uma lesão obstrutiva extra-hepática a qual pode ser tratada por cirurgia. Um felino, de dois anos de idade, sem raça definida, semidomiciliado, foi atendido apresentando um quadro clínico de apatia, icterícia, desidratação e aumento de enzimas hepáticas. Na ultrassonografia abdominal o fígado estava aumentado, vasos hepáticos e veia porta com aumento de diâmetro, vesícula biliar preenchida por conteúdo anecoico, com sedimentação, espessamento e hiperecogenicidade da parede e ducto biliar principal dilatado com parede espessada. Realizou-se a colecistectomia com enterotomia duodenal. A inspeção do conteúdo da vesicular biliar revelou parasitos com um aspecto achatado e a avaliação microscópica foi compatível com Platynosomum sp. O tratamento com niclosamida e oxibendazole foi eficiente. Colecistectomia associada à enterotomia duodenal é eficiente nesses casos.

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RESUMO

Este trabajo pretende informar un caso de un felino de cinco años mestizo, presentando intensa ictericia, petequias y equimosis cutánea generalizada, aumento de enzima ALT, aumento del colesterol sérico y disminución de las proteínas plasmáticas. Se instituyó el tratamiento médico, pero el animal murió dos días después de la intervención clínica. El examen histopatológico mostró colangitis crónica asociada con infestación por trematodos Platynosomum fastosumy verdadera duplicación de la vesícula biliar. Se conclui que los cambios anatómicos asociados con la infestación por parásitos pueden agravar significativamente el cuadro clínico de colangitis crónica y siempre debe ser considerado en el plan de diagnóstico.(AU)

This paper aims to report a case of a 5-years-old, mixed breed cat showing severe jaundice, skin petechiae and ecchymosis, high values of ALT enzyme and serum cholesterol and low plasmatic proteins. A medical treatment was instituted; however the animal died two days after clinical intervention. Anatomicopathological analisys showed a chronic cholangitis associated with liver fluke infestation caused by Platynosomum fastosum, and duplex gallbladder. We conclude that anatomical changes associated with infestation by parasites may significantly aggravate the clinical condition of chronic cholangitis and should always be considered in the diagnostic plan.(AU)

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de relatar um caso de um felino de cinco anos, sem raça definida, apresentando icterícia intensa, petéquias e equimoses cutâneas generalizadas, aumento da enzima ALT, aumento de colesterol sérico e diminuição de proteínas plasmáticas. Foi instituído tratamento médico, entretanto o animal morreu dois dias após a intervenção clínica. No exame anatomopatológico observou-se colangite crônica associada à infestação de trematódeo Platynosomum fastosum e vesícula biliar dupla verdadeira. Conclui-se que alterações anatômicas associadas à infestação por parasitas podem agravar significativamente o quadro clínico de colangite crônica e devem sempre ser consideradas no plano diagnóstico.(AU)

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RESUMO

Este trabajo pretende informar un caso de un felino de cinco años mestizo, presentando intensa ictericia, petequias y equimosis cutánea generalizada, aumento de enzima ALT, aumento del colesterol sérico y disminución de las proteínas plasmáticas. Se instituyó el tratamiento médico, pero el animal murió dos días después de la intervención clínica. El examen histopatológico mostró colangitis crónica asociada con infestación por trematodos Platynosomum fastosumy verdadera duplicación de la vesícula biliar. Se conclui que los cambios anatómicos asociados con la infestación por parásitos pueden agravar significativamente el cuadro clínico de colangitis crónica y siempre debe ser considerado en el plan de diagnóstico.

This paper aims to report a case of a 5-years-old, mixed breed cat showing severe jaundice, skin petechiae and ecchymosis, high values of ALT enzyme and serum cholesterol and low plasmatic proteins. A medical treatment was instituted; however the animal died two days after clinical intervention. Anatomicopathological analisys showed a chronic cholangitis associated with liver fluke infestation caused by Platynosomum fastosum, and duplex gallbladder. We conclude that anatomical changes associated with infestation by parasites may significantly aggravate the clinical condition of chronic cholangitis and should always be considered in the diagnostic plan.

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de relatar um caso de um felino de cinco anos, sem raça definida, apresentando icterícia intensa, petéquias e equimoses cutâneas generalizadas, aumento da enzima ALT, aumento de colesterol sérico e diminuição de proteínas plasmáticas. Foi instituído tratamento médico, entretanto o animal morreu dois dias após a intervenção clínica. No exame anatomopatológico observou-se colangite crônica associada à infestação de trematódeo Platynosomum fastosum e vesícula biliar dupla verdadeira. Conclui-se que alterações anatômicas associadas à infestação por parasitas podem agravar significativamente o quadro clínico de colangite crônica e devem sempre ser consideradas no plano diagnóstico.

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INTRODUCTION: Bovine fascioliasis causes important economic losses, estimated at COP$ 12,483 billion per year; its prevalence is 25% in dairy cattle. Parasitological techniques are required for it diagnosis. The Dennis technique, modified in 2002, is the one used in Colombia, but its sensitivity, specificity and validity are not known.  OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the validity and performance of the modified Dennis technique for diagnosis of bovine fascioliasis using as reference test the observation of parasites in the liver.  MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a diagnostic evaluation study. We selected a convenience sample of discarded bovines sacrificed between March and June, 2013, in Frigocolanta for the study. We collected 25 g of feces from each animal and their liver and bile ducts were examined for Fasciola hepatica. The sensitivity, specificity, predictive positive value, predictive negative value, and validity index were calculated with 95% confidence intervals. The post-mortem evaluation was used as the gold standard.  RESULTS: We analyzed 180 bovines. The sensitivity and specificity of the modified Dennis technique were 73.2% (95% CI=58.4% - 87.9%) and 84.2% (95% CI= 77.7% - 90.6%), respectively. The positive predictive value was 57.7% (95% CI= 43.3% - 72.1%) and the negative one 91.4% (95% CI= 86.2% - 96.6%). The prevalence of bovine fascioliasis was 22.8% (95% CI= 16.4% - 29.2%).  CONCLUSION: The validity and the performance of the modified Dennis technique were higher than those of the traditional one, which makes it a good screening test for diagnosing fascioliasis for population and prevalence studies and during animal health campaigns.

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Abstract Fasciola hepatica is a parasite that affects the hepatic ducts of several species of domestic and wild vertebrates, causing huge economic losses to livestock rearing worldwide. Reports on occurrences of F. hepatica in capybaras are an important epidemiological aspect of this disease, since these rodents can be a source of contamination for other animals and humans. In the present study, conducted in a rural area of the municipality of Confins, Minas Gerais, fresh feces from capybaras were collected from the ground near a lagoon at the edge of the Ribeirão da Mata river. These were examined using the technique of four metal sieves. F. hepatica eggs were recovered. This trematode species was confirmed by observing morphological characteristics and measuring the eggs recovered from the capybara feces, and through experimental infection of Lymnaea columella (Say, 1817) by miracidia from these eggs and subsequent infection of C57/BL06 mice with metacercariae originating from these infected mollusks. The data suggest the occurrence of natural cycle of F. hepatica in this region and provide a warning that expansion of the geographical distribution of this parasite by means of this rodent is possible. It is therefore important to adopting measures for epidemiological control of this helminthiasis.(AU)

Resumo Fasciola hepatica é um parasito que acomete os ductos hepáticos de diversas espécies de vertebrados domésticos e silvestres, causando grandes perdas econômicas na pecuária global. Relatos sobre a ocorrência de F. hepatica em capivaras constituem um importante aspecto epidemiológico dessa parasitose, visto que esses roedores podem ser fonte de contaminação para outros animais e humanos. No presente estudo realizado em área rural do município de Confins, Minas Gerais, foram coletadas no solo, próximo à lagoa marginal do rio Ribeirão da Mata, fezes frescas de capivaras. Essas foram examinadas pela técnica de quatro tamises metálicos. Foram recuperados ovos de F. hepatica. A confirmação da espécie desse trematódeo foi realizada por observação de características morfológica e mensuração dos ovos recuperados das capivaras, infecção experimental de moluscos Lymnaea columella (Say, 1817) por miracídios oriundos desses ovos e pela infecção de camundongos C57/BL06 com metacercárias oriundas desses moluscos infectados. Os dados obtidos sugerem a ocorrência do ciclo natural de F. hepatica na região, alertando que a expansão da distribuição geográfica deste parasito por esse roedor é possível. Portanto, é importante a adoção de medidas para o controle epidemiológico desta helmintíase.(AU)

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The presence and distribution of surface carbohydrates in the tissues of Galba truncatula snails uninfected or after infection with Fasciola hepatica as well as on the surface of the snail-pathogenic larval stages of the parasite were studied by lectin labelling assay. This is an attempt to find similarities that indicate possible mimicry, utilised by the parasite as an evasion strategy in this snail-trematode system. Different binding patterns were identified on head-foot-mantle, hepatopancreas, genital glands, renopericardial complex of the host as well as of the snail-pathogenic larval stages of F. hepatica. The infection with F. hepatica leads to changes of labelling with Glycine max in the head-mantle cells and Arachis hypogaea in the tubular epithelium of the hepatopancreas. The lectin binding on the other snail tissues is not changed by the development of the larvae. Our data clearly demonstrated the similarity in labelling of G. truncatula tissues and the surface of the snail-pathogenic larval stages of F. hepatica. The role of glycosylation of the contact surfaces of both organisms in relation to the host-parasite interactions is also discussed.

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RESUMO

The presence and distribution of surface carbohydrates in the tissues of Galba truncatula snails uninfected or after infection with Fasciola hepatica as well as on the surface of the snail-pathogenic larval stages of the parasite were studied by lectin labelling assay. This is an attempt to find similarities that indicate possible mimicry, utilised by the parasite as an evasion strategy in this snail-trematode system. Different binding patterns were identified on head-foot-mantle, hepatopancreas, genital glands, renopericardial complex of the host as well as of the snail-pathogenic larval stages of F. hepatica. The infection with F. hepatica leads to changes of labelling with Glycine max in the head-mantle cells and Arachis hypogaea in the tubular epithelium of the hepatopancreas. The lectin binding on the other snail tissues is not changed by the development of the larvae. Our data clearly demonstrated the similarity in labelling of G. truncatula tissues and the surface of the snail-pathogenic larval stages of F. hepatica. The role of glycosylation of the contact surfaces of both organisms in relation to the host-parasite interactions is also discussed.

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Abstract The aim of this study was to monitor the population density of Lymnaea columella, an intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica, in various aquatic habitats and in drinking water in the area of the Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo, on Caparaó Microregion, municipality of Alegre, state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Monthly samplings were performed at certain points between drainage areas and drinking water in cattle and goat production systems during the years 2010 to 2013. The mean temperature, precipitation and the frequency of samples of L. columella were analysed graphically according the monthly average during the study period. A total of 2,038 molluscs were collected, 1558 of which were L. columella, that predominated in all sampled points. The highest average of specimens observed for L. columella was in the years 2010 and 2013 (51.0), and occurred decreased in 2011 (19.8). The temperature and precipitation averaged is 23.7 °C and 141 mm/year, respectively. Rainfall peak occurred in March (2011, 2013) and November (2012), during these periods the population of L. columella growth. There was no significant difference in the relationship between the specimens observed with seasons (dry-wet), thus the population of L. columella remained stable and can be found throughout the year.(AU)

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi acompanhar a variação da densidade populacional de Lymnaea columella, hospedeiro intermediário de Fasciola hepatica, em diferentes tipos de coleções hídricas e bebedouros na área do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Espírito Santo, na microrregião do Caparaó, município de Alegre, estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil. Foram realizadas coletas mensais em pontos determinados entre áreas de drenagem e bebedouros de animais nos setores de bovinocultura e caprinocultura durante os anos de 2010 a 2013. As médias de temperatura, precipitação e a frequência de exemplares de L. columella foram analisadas graficamente de acordo com a média mensal ao longo do período avaliado. Foram coletados 2.038 moluscos, sendo 1558 de L. columella, espécie predominante em todos os pontos amostrados. A maior média de espécimes observadas para L. columella foi nos anos de 2010 e 2013 (51,0), ocorrendo um decréscimo em 2011 (19,8). A temperatura apresentou média de 23,7°C e precipitação de 141 mm/ano. Picos de precipitação ocorreram em Março (2011, 2013) e Novembro (2012), nestes períodos foi observado aumento populacional de L. columella. Não houve diferença significativa na relação entre as espécimes observadas com as estações do ano (seca-chuvosa), dessa forma, a população de L. columella se mostrou estável, podendo ser encontrada durante todo ano.(AU)

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Se demostró la infección natural y experimental de los caracoles limneídos peruanos con estadios larvales de Fasciola hepatica. Los índices de infección natural y experimental fueron del 12% y 28% en Lymnaea columella y del 27% y 70% en Lymnaea viatrix, respectivamente. Lymnaea diaphana y Lymnaea cousini no presentaron infección natural y demostraron no ser susceptibles a la infección experimental.

The natural and experimental infection of Peruvian lymnaeid snails with larval stages of Fasciola hepatica was demonstrated. The index of natural and experimental infection was of 12% and 28% in Lymnaea columella and of 27% and 70% in Lymnaea viatrix, respectively. Lymnaea diaphana and Lymnaea cousini did not present natural infection and demonstrated not to be prone to experimental infection.

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