RESUMO
American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) is a chronic infectious disease caused by different protozoan species of Leishmania, and it is endemic in both tropical and subtropical countries. Using immunohistochemistry, we investigate the density of CD68+, lysozyme+, CD1a+, factor XIIIa+, CD4+, CD8+, CD56+, interferon (IFN)-γ+, and inducible NO synthase (iNOS+) cells. These cells were analyzed from 22 biopsy samples obtained from the lesions of ACL patients, whose infection was caused by Leishmania (Viannia) spp. Histopathological analysis showed dense mononuclear inflammatory infiltration in the dermis, which was composed of lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells, and discrete tissue parasitism. Granulomatous reactions were also present in the majority of cases. The density of the activated macrophages was higher than that of inactivated macrophages in the lesions. The density of Langerhans cells (CD1a+) was lower than that of dermal dendrocytes (factor XIIIa+). The density of CD8+ T lymphocytes was higher than that of CD4+ T lymphocytes. The cellular density of these immunological markers in relation to the species of Leishmania demonstrated that L. (Viannia) sp. lesions had higher IFN-γ expression than that Leishmania (Viania) braziliensis lesions. The evaluation of these markers, according to disease progression, did not reveal any significant differences. L. (Viannia) sp. infection leads to a favorable immune response in the host, as predominantly represented by lysozyme+, factor XIIIa+, CD8+ T cells, and the expression of (IFN)-γ+ at the lesion site.
Assuntos
Linfócitos T CD4-Positivos/imunologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Células de Langerhans/imunologia , Leishmania braziliensis/imunologia , Leishmania/imunologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/imunologia , Macrófagos/imunologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Antígenos CD1 , Brasil , Contagem de Linfócito CD4 , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/citologia , Derme/parasitologia , Derme/patologia , Progressão da Doença , Fator XIIIa/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Células de Langerhans/citologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/parasitologia , Ativação de Macrófagos/imunologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Muramidase/metabolismo , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIMS: The purpose of this study was to quantify and compare the density of dendritic cells (DCs) in cervical lymph nodes (LNs) and palatine tonsils (PTs) of AIDS and non-AIDS patients. METHODS AND RESULTS: Factor XIIIa, CD1a and CD83 antibodies were used to identify migratory DCs by immunohistochemistry in LNs and PTs of 32 AIDS patients and 21 HIV-negative control patients. Quantification was performed by the positive pixel count analytical method. AIDS patients presented a lower density of factor XIIIa(+) cells (P < 0.001), CD1a(+) cells (P < 0.05) and CD83(+) cells (P < 0.001) in cervical LNs and PTs compared to the non-AIDS control group. CONCLUSION: Overall depletion of DCs in lymphoid tissues of AIDS patients may be predictive of the immune system's loss of disease control.
Assuntos
Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/patologia , Antígenos CD1/metabolismo , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Células Dendríticas/patologia , Fator XIIIa/metabolismo , Imunoglobulinas/metabolismo , Linfonodos/patologia , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Tonsila Palatina/patologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/imunologia , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Células Dendríticas/imunologia , Células Dendríticas/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Linfonodos/imunologia , Linfonodos/metabolismo , Metástase Linfática , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pescoço , Tonsila Palatina/imunologia , Tonsila Palatina/metabolismo , Adulto Jovem , Antígeno CD83RESUMO
BACKGROUND: Few studies have addressed the ultrastructure of vascular permeability in urticaria. OBJECTIVES: To describe the types of endothelial cell organelles involved in vascular permeability in drug-induced acute urticaria (DIAU). METHODS: Seven patients with DIAU were enrolled in the study. Biopsies of urticarial lesions and apparently normal skin were performed. The 14 collected fragmentswere processed with immunogold electron microscopy using single stains for tryptase and factor XIIIa (FXIIIa) and double immunogold labeling for both tryptase and FXIIIa. RESULTS: Some sections demonstrated mast cells in the degranulation process, in both anaphylactic and piecemeal degranulation. After double immunogold staining, 10 nm (FXIIIa) and 15 nm (tryptase) gold particles wereboth present, covering the granules in the mast cells, indicating that both tryptase and FXIIIa were localized within the granules of these cells. Interestingly, we found strong evidence of the presence of caveolae and vesico-vacuolar organelles (VVOs) in the endothelial cells of the biopsies. In addition to these findings, we were able to demonstrate the presence of tryptase and FXIIIa in the endothelial celIs, in urticarial lesions and in apparently normal skin. CONCLUSIONS: VVOs are present in the endothelial cells of post-capillary venules in DIAU. This is the first report on the expression of FXIIIa and tryptase in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells in urticaria.
Assuntos
Permeabilidade Capilar , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/imunologia , Urticária/induzido quimicamente , Doença Aguda , Adulto , Criança , Citoplasma/metabolismo , Citoplasma/ultraestrutura , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/etiologia , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Células Endoteliais/ultraestrutura , Fator XIIIa/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Microscopia Eletrônica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Organelas/metabolismo , Organelas/ultraestrutura , Coloração e Rotulagem , Triptases/metabolismo , Urticária/imunologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Few authors have been attempting between mast cells and dermal dendrocytes interactions on urticaria. OBJECTIVE: To describe the extruded mast cell granules and dermal dendrocytes in drug-induced acute urticaria. METHODS: Seven patients with drug-induced acute urticaria were enrolled in the study. We token skin biopsies of urticaria lesion and perilesional skin. The 14 fragments collected were processed to immunogold electron microscopy using single stains to tryptase and FXIIIa, besides double immunogold labeling with both. RESULTS: Some sections demonstrated mast cells in degranulation process, both in anaphylactic and piecemeal degranulation types. After double immunogold staining, 10 nm (FXIIIa) and 15 nm (Tryptase) gold particles were present together over the granules in mast cells indicating that tryptase and FXIIIa are each localized within the granules of these cells. Interestingly, we found a strong evidence of than the exocytosed mast cell granules contents both FXIIIa and tryptase immunolabeled are phagocytized by dermal dendrocytes. CONCLUSIONS: The current observations provide morphological evidence that the exocytosis-phagocytosis mechanisms of mast cell granules represents one pathophysiological example of mast cells-dermal dendrocytes interactions in urticaria.
Assuntos
Comunicação Celular , Fagocitose/fisiologia , Urticária/induzido quimicamente , Urticária/patologia , Adulto , Grânulos Citoplasmáticos/patologia , Derme/citologia , Derme/patologia , Fator XIIIa/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Mastócitos/citologia , Mastócitos/patologia , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão/métodos , Microscopia Imunoeletrônica/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos de AmostragemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Few studies have evaluated the ultrastructure of the superficial skin nerves in urticaria. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe findings in superficial skin nerves in cases of drug-induced acute urticaria. METHODS: Seven patients with drug-induced acute urticaria were included in the study. Skin biopsies were obtained from the urticarial lesion and from the apparently normal skin. The 14 fragments collected were processed for immunogold electron microscopy using single stains for antitryptase and anti-FXIIIa antibodies, as well as double immunogold labeling for both. RESULTS: Some sections showed mast cells in the process of degranulation. Following double immunogold staining, 10 nm (FXIIIa) and 15 nm (Tryptase) gold particles were found together throughout the granules in mast cells, indicating that tryptase and FXIIIa are located inside each one of the granules of these cells. Interestingly, we found strong evidence of the presence of tryptase and factor XIIIa in the superficial skin nerves of these patients, both in cases of urticarial lesions (wheals) and in the apparently normal skin. CONCLUSIONS: Tryptase and FXIIIa are present in the superficial nerves of the skin in drug-induced acute urticaria. This is the first report of tryptase and FXIIIa expression in the superficial skin nerves of patients with urticaria. Tryptase may be participating in neural activation in these patients, while FXIIIa may be present in the nerves to guarantee the functional integrity of structures.
Assuntos
Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/patologia , Pele/inervação , Urticária/patologia , Adulto , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/imunologia , Fator XIIIa/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Microscopia Imunoeletrônica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nervos Periféricos/ultraestrutura , Pele/enzimologia , Triptases/metabolismo , Urticária/induzido quimicamente , Urticária/imunologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Few studies have evaluated the ultrastructure of the superficial skin nerves in urticaria. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to describe findings in superficial skin nerves in cases of drug-induced acute urticaria. METHODS: Seven patients with drug-induced acute urticaria were included in the study. Skin biopsies were obtained from the urticarial lesion and from the apparently normal skin. The 14 fragments collected were processed for immunogold electron microscopy using single stains for antitryptase and anti-FXIIIa antibodies, as well as double immunogold labeling for both. RESULTS: Some sections showed mast cells in the process of degranulation. Following double immunogold staining, 10 nm (FXIIIa) and 15 nm (Tryptase) gold particles were found together throughout the granules in mast cells, indicating that tryptase and FXIIIa are located inside each one of the granules of these cells. Interestingly, we found strong evidence of the presence of tryptase and factor XIIIa in the superficial skin nerves of these patients, both in cases of urticarial lesions (wheals) and in the apparently normal skin. CONCLUSIONS: Tryptase and FXIIIa are present in the superficial nerves of the skin in drug-induced acute urticaria. This is the first report of tryptase and FXIIIa expression in the superficial skin nerves of patients with urticaria. Tryptase may be participating in neural activation in these patients, while FXIIIa may be present in the nerves to guarantee the functional integrity of structures.
FUNDAMENTOS: Poucos autores têm estudado a ultraestrutura dos nervos superficiais na urticária. OBJETIVO: Descrever os achados nos nervos cutâneos superficiais em casos de urticária aguda induzida por medicamentos. MÉTODOS: Sete pacientes com urticária aguda induzida por medicamentos foram incluídos no estudo. Foram obtidas biopsias da pele da lesão urticariforme e da pele aparentemente normal. Os 14 fragmentos coletados foram processados usando imunomarcação com ouro para anticorpos anti-triptase e anti-FXIIIa separadamente, além da dupla imunomarcação com ambos anticorpos. A seguir as amostras foram submetidas à análise por microscopia imunoeletrônica. RESULTADOS: Alguns cortes demonstraram mastócitos em processo de degranulação. Após a imunomarcação dupla, partículas de ouro de 10 nm (FXIIIa) e partículas de ouro de 15 nm (Triptase) apresentavam-se juntas em grânulos de mastócitos indicando que a triptase e o FXIIIa se localizam dentro de cada um dos grânulos dessas células. Curiosamente, foi encontrada uma forte evidência da presença da triptase e do fator XIIIa nos nervos superficiais dos pacientes avaliados, tanto em lesões urticadas, como na pele aparentemente normal. CONCLUSÕES: A triptase e o FXIIIa estão presentes nos nervos superficiais da pele na urticária aguda medicamentosa. Este é o primeiro relato da expressão de triptase e de FXIIIa nos nervos superficiais na urticária. A triptase poderia estar participando da ativação neural nos pacientes estudados. O FXIIIa poderia estar presente nos nervos, com a finalidade de manter a integridade funcional dessas estruturas.
Assuntos
Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/patologia , Pele/inervação , Urticária/patologia , Hipersensibilidade a Drogas/imunologia , Fator XIIIa/metabolismo , Imuno-Histoquímica , Microscopia Imunoeletrônica , Nervos Periféricos/ultraestrutura , Pele/enzimologia , Triptases/metabolismo , Urticária/induzido quimicamente , Urticária/imunologiaRESUMO
Dendritic cells belong to a family of antigen-presenting cells that are localized at the entry sites, such as skin and mucosa. Dendritic cells are related to immune surveillance function. The role of Langerhans cells in the pathogenesis of skin infectious diseases is well studied; however, there are few articles addressing involvement of factor XIIIa-positive dermal dendrocytes (FXIIIa+ DD) in such processes. FXIIIa+ DDs are bone marrow-monocytic lineage-derived cells and members of the skin immune system. Due to their immune phenotype and functional characteristics, they are considered complementary cells to Langerhans cells in the process of antigen presentation and inducing immune response. To verify the interaction between FXIIIa+ DD and Leishmania amastigotes, 22 biopsies of American tegumentary leishmaniasis (ATL) skin lesions were subjected to double staining technique with anti-factor XIIIa and anti-Leishmania antibodies. FXIIIa+ DDs were hypertrophic and abundant in the cutaneous reaction of ATL. FXIIIa+ DDs harboring parasites were observed in 11 of 22 skin biopsies. The data obtained suggest that FXIIIa+ DD plays a role in the pathogenesis of ATL skin lesion as host cell, immune effector, and/or antigen-presenting cell.
Assuntos
Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Células Dendríticas/enzimologia , Derme/enzimologia , Fator XIIIa/metabolismo , Leishmaniose Cutânea/enzimologia , Derme/patologia , Granuloma/enzimologia , Granuloma/parasitologia , Granuloma/patologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Parasita , Humanos , Técnicas Imunoenzimáticas , Leishmania/isolamento & purificação , Leishmania/fisiologia , Leishmaniose Cutânea/patologiaRESUMO
AIMS: To determine the origin of mono-, bi- and multinucleate stellate giant cells in giant cell fibroma, fibrous hyperplasia and fibroepithelial polyp of the oral mucosa. METHODS: Ten cases of each lesion were studied immunohistochemically using anti-vimentin, -HHF-35, -CD68 and -factor XIIIa antibodies. Immunoreactivity of the cells was determined in the papillary and reticular lamina propria of these lesions. RESULTS: Vimentin positivity in both the papillary and reticular lamina propria was observed for most samples, especially giant cell fibroma cases. CONCLUSIONS: The immunohistochemical findings of the present study suggest that the mono-, bi- or multinucleate stellate giant cells observed in the lesions studied derived from the fibroblastic lineage.
Assuntos
Fibroma/metabolismo , Células Gigantes/metabolismo , Doenças da Boca/metabolismo , Mucosa Bucal/metabolismo , Mucosa Bucal/patologia , Pólipos/metabolismo , Actinas/metabolismo , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Antígenos de Diferenciação Mielomonocítica/metabolismo , Linhagem da Célula , Fator XIIIa/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/citologia , Fibroma/patologia , Células Gigantes/citologia , Células Gigantes/patologia , Humanos , Imuno-Histoquímica , Doenças da Boca/patologia , Pólipos/patologia , Vimentina/metabolismoRESUMO
We demonstrated and quantified by immunohistochemistry the factor XIIIa+ dermal dendrocytes (FXIIIa+ DD) in paracoccidioidomycosis skin lesions. Sixty-one biopsies were classified according to the tissue response in well-organized granulomas (group 1), poorly organized granulomas (group 2) and samples showing both kinds of granuloma (group 3). Ten biopsies from normal skin were used as controls. In order to verify the internalization of Paracoccidioides brasiliensis antigens by FXIIIa+ DD, we performed a double immunostaining technique. FXIIIa+ DD were hypertrophied with prominent dendrites and their number in the test groups was higher than in the control group, especially in the dermal papillae. P. brasiliensis yeasts were seen within the cytoplasm of FXIIIa+ DD in 40% of the immunostained biopsies. We could correlate these findings with the probable role of FXIIIa+ DD as antigen-presenting cells in the pathogenesis of skin lesions in paracoccidioidomycosis.