RESUMO
Human development is influenced by the interaction between biological and social factors. This study aimed to verify the moderating effect of social risk on the relationship between biological risk and child development. Data were collected on 201 children, aged 6 to 72 months. The independent variable was measured by the biological risk index, and the moderator variable by the social risk index was assessed by the Denver II test. Linear regression, effect size, and analysis of moderation were used to verify the relationship between BRI and the child development (Denver II), and the moderating effect of the SRI. BRI was negatively associated with child development, the interaction between the BRI and SRI increased the explained variance in the Denver II result to 14%. The SRI was also a significant moderator of the Language and Gross Motor domains. This research evidence that social risk moderates the relationship between biological risk and child development, the more social risk factors, the stronger this relationship becomes. On the other hand, it can be said that some social factors favor child development, even in the presence of biological risk factors.
Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Infantil , Fatores Sociais , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Lactente , Estudos Transversais , Modelos LinearesRESUMO
Background and Objectives: the present study was conducted in the city of Rivera, situated in northern Uruguay on the border with Brazil. The disease initially progressed slowly in 2020, with subsequent outbreaks followed by a rapid increase in incidence. The objective was to explore the relationship between the spatial distribution of COVID-19 cases in a binational city and variables such as socioeconomic status, population density, and mobility patterns, with the aim of informing public policies. Methods: an exploratory study was conducted between August 2020 and January 2021 using data obtained from the Ministry of Health. The explanatory variables considered included population density, socioeconomic level, and mobility. Three distinct periods from 2020 to 2021 were identified. Spatial autocorrelation was analyzed using Moran's Index and the Gi* statistic (Getis & Ord). Hierarchical cluster analysis was employed to identify homogeneous groups of census segments. Results: a total of 1,846 cases were georeferenced. Through hierarchical cluster analysis, seven homogeneous groups were identified. Mobility was found to explain the incidence of cases among the high socioeconomic level group, while population density accounted for the differences observed in the low socioeconomic group. Conclusion: in this city, priority should be given to populations residing in areas with higher population density and greater mobility. This small-scale territorial analysis provides valuable information for developing localized policies aimed at addressing health crises.(AU)
Justificación y Objetivos: el estudio se realizó en la ciudad de Rivera, situada en el norte del país en la frontera con Brasil. La enfermedad progresó lentamente durante 2020, con brotes posteriores seguidos de un rápido aumento de la incidencia. El objetivo fue explorar la relación entre la distribución espacial de los casos de COVID-19 en una ciudad binacional y variables como nivel socioeconómico, densidad poblacional y patrones de movilidad, con el objetivo de informar políticas públicas. Métodos: se realizó un estudio exploratorio entre agosto 2020 y enero 2021 con datos del Ministerio de Salud, considerando semanas epidemiológicas. Las variables explicativas consideradas fueron densidad poblacional, nivel socioeconómico y movilidad. Se identificaron tres periodos temporales desde agosto 2020 hasta enero 2021. Se analizo la autocorrelación espacial empleando el Índice de Moran y estadística Gi* (Getis & Ord). Mediante el análisis de cluster jerárquico, fue posible identificar grupos homogéneos de segmentos censales. Resultados: se georreferenciaron un total de 1.846 casos. Mediante análisis de cluster jerárquico, se identificaron siete grupos homogéneos. Para el nivel alto socioeconómico, la movilidad es el factor explicativo de una mayor incidencia de casos. Mientras que, para para el grupo de nivel bajo, la densidad de la población fue el factor explicativo de las diferencias en la presentación de la enfermedad. Conclusión: la población a ser priorizada en esta ciudad corresponde a aquellas zonas con mayor densidad poblacional y donde se incrementa la movilidad. El análisis territorial a pequeña escala genera información para la construcción de política local, ante una crisis sanitaria, que la hace más eficaz.(AU)
Justificativa e Objetivos: o presente estudo foi realizado na cidade de Rivera, localizada no norte do Uruguai, na fronteira com o Brasil. A doença progrediu lentamente durante 2020, com surtos subsequentes seguidos por um rápido aumento na incidência. O objetivo foi explorar a relação entre a distribuição espacial dos casos de COVID-19 em uma cidade binacional e variáveis como nível socioeconômico, densidade populacional e padrões de mobilidade, com o objetivo de informar políticas públicas. Métodos: estudo exploratório foi realizado entre agosto de 2020 e janeiro de 2021 com dados do Ministério da Saúde. As variáveis explicativas incluíram densidade populacional, nível socioeconômico e mobilidade. Três períodos distintos de 2020 a 2021 foram identificados. Autocorrelação espacial foi analisada com o Índice de Moran e a estatística Gi* (Getis & Ord). Utilizando a análise de cluster hierárquico, foi possível identificar grupos homogêneos de segmentos censitários. Resultados: um total de 1.846 casos foi georreferenciado. Através da análise de cluster hierárquico, sete grupos homogêneos foram identificados. A mobilidade foi encontrada como explicativa para a incidência de casos no grupo de alto nível socioeconômico, enquanto a densidade populacional explicou as diferenças observadas no grupo de baixo nível socioeconômico. Conclusão: nessa cidade, as populações a serem priorizadas são aquelas que residem em áreas com maior densidade populacional e maior mobilidade. Essa análise territorial em pequena escala fornece informações valiosas para o desenvolvimento de políticas locais destinadas a lidar com crises de saúde.(AU)
Assuntos
Classe Social , Mobilidade Social , Densidade Demográfica , Análise Espaço-Temporal , Fatores Sociais , COVID-19/epidemiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Information on factors that increase mortality in remote settings is limited. This study aims to estimate the independent and joint role of several factors on mortality risk among older adults living in rural Ecuador. METHODS: Participants were selected from community-dwelling older adults who were included in previous studies targeting mortality risk factors in the study population. Generalized structural equation modeling (GSEM) was utilized to evaluate prior causal assumptions, to redraw causal links, and to introduce latent variables that may help to explain how the independently significant variables are associated with mortality. RESULTS: The study included 590 individuals (mean age: 67.9 ± 7.3 years; 57% women), followed for a median of 8.2 years. Mortality rate was 3.4 per 100 person-years. Prior work on separate multivariate Poisson and Cox models was used to build a tentative causal construct. A GSEM containing all variables showed that age, symptoms of depression, high social risk, high fasting glucose, a history of overt stroke, and neck circumference were directly associated with mortality. Two latent variables were introduced, 1 representing the impact of biological factors and another, the impact of social factors on mortality. The social variable significantly influenced the biological variable which carried most of the direct effect on mortality. CONCLUSIONS: Several factors contributed to mortality risk in the study population, the most significant being biological factors which are highly influenced by social factors. High social risk interact with biological variables and play an important role in mortality risk.
Assuntos
População Rural , Fatores Sociais , Humanos , Feminino , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Vida Independente , Fatores de Risco , Fatores BiológicosRESUMO
Resumo A partir do cenário brasileiro, marcado por diferentes expressões da violência, são construídas práticas midiáticas que representam a juventude pauperizada de forma a criminalizar tal grupo. Este artigo apresenta uma discussão a respeito dos sentidos produzidos por jovens de 14 a 16 anos sobre as representações midiáticas expressas por setores da mídia hegemônica. Trata-se de uma pesquisa participante, delineada a partir da perspectiva do sociólogo Orlando Fals-Borda e da ideia de coautoria de Mikhail Bakhtin. A pesquisa foi realizada em uma cidade do estado de Minas Gerais, e foram construídos sete grupos de discussão, em que reportagens nas quais jovens são associados a episódios tidos como criminosos foram discutidas. Por meio dos diálogos construídos, foi possível identificar que o conteúdo midiático pode resultar em uma série de violências nas vidas desses jovens, que resistem através da busca por estratégias criativas, envolvendo a arte e mídias alternativas.
Abstract From a scenario marked by different expressions of violence emerge media practices set on criminalizing impoverished youth. This article examines the meanings produced by youth aged 14 to 16 years about the media representations broadcasted by hegemonic sectors. A participative research designed based on sociologist Orlando Fals-Borda's work and Mikhail Bakhtin's co-authorship was conducted with youth from the state of Minas Gerais. Seven discussion groups were created to debate the association between youth and criminal activity on the news. Analysis of the dialogues showed that media content can impart a series of violence in their lives. However, they resist through creative strategies involving art and alternative media.
Résumé A partir d'un scénario marqué par différentes expressions de la violence ressortent des pratiques médiatiques visant à criminaliser la jeunesse appauvrie. Cet article discute les significations produits par des jeunes de 14 à 16 ans à propos des représentations médiatiques formulées par les secteurs hégémoniques. Une recherche intervenante, esquissée d'après la perspective du sociologue Orlando Fals-Borda et du concept de cocréation de Mikhail Bakhtin, a été réalisée dans une ville de l'État du Minas Gerais. Sept groupes de discussion ont été créé pour débattre des reportages où des jeunes sont associés à des épisodes criminels. L'analyse des dialogues a montré que le contenu des médias peut mener à une série de violences dans leur vie. Pourtant, ils résistent grâce à des stratégies créatives faisant appel à l'art et aux médias alternatifs.
Resumen A partir del escenario brasileño, marcado por diferentes expresiones de violencia, se construyen prácticas mediáticas, para criminalizar a la juventude más pobre. Este artículo discute los sentidos producidos por jóvenes de 14 a 16 años respecto a las representaciones mediáticas, expressadas por sectores de los medios hegemónicos. Se trata de una investigação participante, diseñada a partir de la perspectiva del sociólogo Orlando Fals-Borda y la idea de coautoría de Mikhail Bakhtin. La investigación fue realizada en una ciudad del estado de Minas Gerais, mediante siete grupos de discusión, donde se analizaron las asociaciones que hacen de los jóvenes con episodios delictivos. A partir de los diálogos establecidos, se encontró que lo proyectado por los medios de comuncación puede resultar de considerables violencias en la vida de aquellos jóvenes, quienes se resisten a través de la búsqueda de estrategias creativas como el arte y medios alternativos.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Pobreza , Estereotipagem , Criminologia , Exposição à Violência , Meios de Comunicação de Massa , Adolescente , Medo , Fatores SociaisRESUMO
O modelo de demandas e recursos foi utilizado para identificar o poder preditivo do estilo pessoal do terapeuta e do trabalho emocional (demandas), e da inteligência emocional e autoeficácia profissional (recursos) sobre as dimensões da síndrome de Burnout (SB), em uma amostra de 240 psicólogos clínicos brasileiros. Os dados foram coletados por meio de plataforma online, tendo como instrumentos de pesquisa um Questionário de dados sociodemográficos e laborais, o Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo, o Cuestionario del Estilo Personal del Terapeut, o Questionário de Avaliação Relacionado a Demandas Emocionais e Dissonância da Regra da Emoção, Medida de Inteligência Emocional, e Escala de Autoeficácia Geral Percebida. Os resultados obtidos revelaram um modelo preditor das dimensões da SB, constituído pelas variáveis dissonância emocional, automotivação, demandas emocionais, instrução, envolvimento e autoeficácia. Ressalta-se a relevância de estratégias voltadas para a prevenção da SB nessa categoria profissional, bem como a necessidade de ações que visem a promoção e o desenvolvimento da inteligência emocional e da autoeficácia como fortalecimento dos recursos emocionais para atuação na prática clínica.(AU)
The Model of Demands - Resources was used to identify the predictive power of therapist's personal style, emotional work (Demands), Emotional intelligence, and professional self-efficacy (Resources) over the Burnout syndrome dimensions in a sample of 240 Brazilian clinical psychologists. The data was collected by an on-line platform using a Labor and social demographic data questionnaire, a work Burnout Syndrome Evaluation questionnaire (CESQT - Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo), the short version of the Therapist Personal Style Questionnaire (EPT-C Cuestionario del Estilo Personal del Terapeuta), an Evaluation questionnaire related to emotional demands and emotion rule dissonance, and the Emotional Intelligence Measure (EIM) and Perceived General Self-Efficacy Scale (GPSS) as research instruments. Results showed a predictor model of Burnout syndrome constituted by the variables Emotional dissonance, Self-motivation, Emotional demands, Instruction, Involvement, and Self-efficacy. We emphasize the relevance of strategies to prevent Burnout Syndrome in this professional category and the need for actions to promote and develop emotional intelligence and self-efficacy as a strengthening factor of the emotional resources to work as a clinical psychologist.(AU)
Se utilizó el modelo demandas y recursos para identificar el poder predictivo del estilo personal del terapeuta y del trabajo emocional (demandas), y de la inteligencia emocional y autoeficacia profesional (recursos) sobre las dimensiones del síndrome de Burnout (SB), en una muestra de 240 psicólogos clínicos brasileños. Los datos se recolectaron de una plataforma en línea, utilizando como instrumentos de investigación un cuestionario de datos sociodemográficos y laborales, el Cuestionario para la Evaluación del Síndrome de Quemarse por el Trabajo, el Cuestionario del Estilo Personal del Terapeuta, el Cuestionario de Evaluación Relacionado con Demandas Emocionales y Disonancia de la Regla de la Emoción, la Medida de Inteligencia Emocional y Escala de Autoeficacia General Percibida. Los resultados obtenidos revelaron un modelo predictor de las dimensiones de SB, constituido por las variables disonancia emocional, automotivación, exigencias emocionales, instrucción, implicación y autoeficacia. Se destaca la relevancia de las estrategias dirigidas a la prevención del SB en esta categoría profesional, así como la necesidad de acciones dirigidas a promover y desarrollar la inteligencia emocional y la autoeficacia como fortalecimiento de los recursos emocionales para trabajar en la práctica clínica.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Sociedades , Esgotamento Profissional , Autoeficácia , Inteligência Emocional , Esgotamento Psicológico , Psicoterapeutas , Inovação Organizacional , Ansiedade , Processos Patológicos , Participação do Paciente , Permissividade , Satisfação Pessoal , Personalidade , Reorganização de Recursos Humanos , Pobreza , Prática Profissional , Psicologia , Psicologia Clínica , Qualidade de Vida , Aspirações Psicológicas , Salários e Benefícios , Sinais e Sintomas , Logro , Comportamento Social , Classe Social , Distância Psicológica , Justiça Social , Mobilidade Social , Estresse Psicológico , Análise e Desempenho de Tarefas , Desemprego , Mulheres Trabalhadoras , Comportamento , Administração de Serviços de Saúde , Adaptação Psicológica , Doenças Cardiovasculares , Cultura Organizacional , Atitude , Indicadores de Qualidade de Vida , Saúde Mental , Saúde da Família , Responsabilidade Legal , Saúde Ocupacional , Competência Mental , Guia de Prática Clínica , Pessoal de Saúde , Qualidade, Acesso e Avaliação da Assistência à Saúde , Gerenciamento do Tempo , Eficiência Organizacional , Assistência Integral à Saúde , Conflito Psicológico , Participação da Comunidade , Aconselhamento , Gestão em Saúde , Criatividade , Credenciamento , Mecanismos de Defesa , Despersonalização , Depressão , Eficiência , Emoções , Empatia , Reivindicações Trabalhistas , Planos para Motivação de Pessoal , Avaliação de Desempenho Profissional , Emprego , Recursos Humanos , Mercado de Trabalho , Ética Institucional , Fadiga Mental , Resiliência Psicológica , Prazer , Fortalecimento Institucional , Rede Social , Esperança , Morte por Excesso de Trabalho , Fadiga de Compaixão , Ajustamento Emocional , Autocontrole , Estresse Ocupacional , Frustração , Status Econômico , Tristeza , Regulação Emocional , Angústia Psicológica , Fatores Sociais , Sobrecarga do Cuidador , Estresse Financeiro , Demanda Induzida , Apoio Comunitário , Fatores Sociodemográficos , Bem-Estar Psicológico , Eficácia Coletiva , Condições de Trabalho , Dinâmica de Grupo , Síndrome do Sobretreinamento , Diversidade de Recursos Humanos , Desenvolvimento Psicológico , Capacidades de Enfrentamento , Exaustão Emocional , Pressão do Tempo , Culpa , Ocupações em Saúde , Promoção da Saúde , Renda , Inteligência , Satisfação no Emprego , Sindicatos , Liderança , Motivação , Doenças Profissionais , Serviços de Saúde do TrabalhadorRESUMO
Introducción: Los estresores académicos tienen efectos negativos en la salud y el desarrollo académico de los estudiantes de educación superior. Objetivo: Identificar los estresores académicos de mayor prevalencia antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19 y su relación con factores socioacadémicos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio longitudinal correlacional. La muestra censal en el 2019 fueron 166 y en el 2021, 156 estudiantes de enfermería de una universidad pública andina (Huaraz, Perú). El instrumento fue el Inventario de Estrés Académico. Los análisis estadísticos incluyeron comparación de medias, correlación de Pearson y Rho de Spearman. Resultados: Fueron estresores académicos antes vs. durante la pandemia de COVID-19: sobrecarga académica (3,94vs. 3,51), falta de tiempo (3,75vs. 3,14), trabajos obligatorios (3,12vs. 2,98). Estos correlacionaron antes de la pandemia con: mayor número de cursos e insatisfacción con rendimiento académico y; durante la pandemia: sexo femenino e insatisfacción con situación económica. Las mujeres percibieron cuatro o siete estresores académicos y los varones dos o uno, antes o durante la pandemia de COVID-19, respectivamente. Conclusiones: Los estresores académicos en los estudiantes antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19 fueron: sobrecarga académica, falta de tiempo para cumplir con las actividades académicas y realización de trabajos obligatorios para aprobar las asignaturas. Las mujeres presentaron más estresores académicos que los varones antes y durante la pandemia. Los estresores académicos correlacionaron con factores académicos antes de la pandemia; y con factores sociales durante la pandemia(AU)
Introduction: Academic stressors have negative effects on the health and academic development of higher education students. Objective: To identify the most prevalent academic stressors before and during the COVID-19 pandemic and their relationship with socio-academic factors. Methods: A longitudinal correlational study was carried out. The census sample in 2019 was 166; and, in 2021, 156 nursing students from an Andean public university (Huaraz, Peru). The instrument was the Academic Stress Inventory. Statistical analyzes included comparison of means, Pearson correlation and Spearman's rho. Results: The following were academic stressors before vs. during the COVID-19 pandemic: academic overload (3.94 vs. 3.51), lack of time (3.75 vs. 3.14), mandatory assignments (3.12 vs. 2.98). These were correlated, before the pandemic, with greater number of courses and dissatisfaction with academic performance; and, during the pandemic, with female sex and dissatisfaction with the economic situation. The women perceived four or seven academic stressors and the male perceived two or one, before or during the COVID-19 pandemic, respectively. Conclusions: The academic stressors in students before and during the COVID-19 pandemic were academic overload, lack of time to complete academic activities, and completing mandatory work to pass the subjects. The women presented more academic stressors than the male before and during the pandemic. Academic stressors were correlated with academic factors before the pandemic and with social factors during the pandemic(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Estresse Psicológico , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Pandemias , Percepção , Desempenho Acadêmico , Fatores SociaisRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The public policy called Explicit health guarantees (GES) could serve as a basis for the future implementation of universal health coverage in Chile. An improvement in the quality of health of the Chilean population has been observed since the launching of the GES, which has a high adherence (84% of the beneficiary population uses this health program). This work seeks the social determinants related to a portion of the remaining 16% of people who do not use the GES. METHODS: This secondary analysis study used a sample of GES recipients (n = 164,786) from the National Socioeconomic Characterization Survey (CASEN) 2020. The GES recipients included in the study responded that they had been under medical treatment for 20 of the 85 pathologies included in the GES, and they had not had access to such policy due to "trust in physician/facility," "decided not to wait," or "lack of information." The CASEN survey chose the 20 pathologies. The Average Marginal Effects of social determinants of the non-use of the GES health plan were predicted using multivariable and panel multinomial probit regression analyses, where the outcome variable assumed three possible values (the three reasons for not accessing) while taking those variables reported in previous studies as independent variables. RESULTS: A higher probability of non-access due to distrust in the physician/facility among adults with higher economic income was found. Among those who prefer not to wait are vulnerable groups of people: women, people with a lower-middle income, those who belong to groups with longer waiting times, and ethnic groups. The people who least access the GES due to lack of information correspond to part of the migrant population and those belonging to the lowest income group. CONCLUSIONS: The GES policy must necessarily improve the timeliness and quality of the services to make them attractive to groups that currently do not have access to them, managing waiting times rather than referrals and using patient-centered evaluations, especially in those most vulnerable groups that do not access GES because they choose not to wait or lack the necessary information, thereby improving their health literacy.
Assuntos
Renda , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde , Adulto , Humanos , Feminino , Fatores Sociais , Inquéritos e Questionários , Análise de RegressãoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to identify the space-time pattern of mortality due to Diabetes Mellitus in Brazil, as well as its relationship with social development indicators. METHOD: an ecological and time series nationwide study based on secondary data from the Unified Health System Informatics Department, with space-time analysis and inclusion of indicators in non-spatial and spatial regression models. The following was performed: overall mortality rate calculation; characterization of the sociodemographic and regional profiles of the death cases by means of descriptive and time analysis; and elaboration of thematic maps. RESULTS: a total of 601,521 deaths related to Diabetes Mellitus were recorded in Brazil, representing a mean mortality rate of 29.5/100,000 inhabitants. The states of Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Alagoas and Sergipe, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul presented high-high clusters. By using regression models, it was verified that the Gini index (ß=11.7) and the Family Health Strategy coverage (ß=3.9) were the indicators that most influenced mortality due to Diabetes Mellitus in Brazil. CONCLUSION: in Brazil, mortality due to Diabetes presents an overall increasing trend, revealing itself as strongly associated with places that have worse social indicators. HIGHLIGHTS: (1) The time-space pattern of mortality due to Diabetes presents an increasing trend. (2) The Northeast and South regions present high rates of mortality due to Diabetes. (3) Mortality due to Diabetes is associated with worse sociodemographic indicators. (4) A relationship is observed between income, access to health and mortality due to Diabetes.
Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus/mortalidade , Fatores Sociais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Análise Espaço-Temporal , RendaRESUMO
Introducción: El embarazo en la adolescencia es un problema de salud pública en Perú; sin embargo, hay una cifra de adolescentes con vida sexual activa, sin protección anticonceptiva. Objetivo: Determinar los factores socioculturales, sexuales y reproductivos asociados al no uso de métodos anticonceptivos en adolescentes mujeres. Métodos: Investigación descriptiva, transversal; se aplicó un análisis de base secundaria de la Encuesta Demográfica y Salud Familiar realizada en Perú en 2019. La población estuvo conformada por 1 871 mujeres de 15 a 19 años y se excluyeron aquellas que no habían iniciado su vida sexual o con datos incompletos. Se utilizó prueba ji cuadrado de Pearson y regresión de Poisson para el análisis estadístico. Resultados: El 46,6 por ciento de adolescentes no utilizaron métodos anticonceptivos. Se asociaron al no uso de métodos anticonceptivos, factores socioculturales como edad de 15 a 17 años, nivel educativo superior, asistencia actual a institución educativa, razón para dejar de estudiar (p< 0,05); y factores sexuales y reproductivos como: no tener parejas sexuales actualmente, edad de la primera relación sexual entre 15 a 19 años, no tener hijos y no vivir con una pareja (p< 0,05). Según el análisis multivariado, tener 15 a 17 años aumenta la prevalencia de no usar métodos anticonceptivos (Rpa: 1,21 IC: 1,09-1,33). Sin embargo, tener parejas sexuales (Rpa: 0,48 IC: 0,44-0,52) e hijos (Rpa: 0,49 IC: 0,45-0,55) redujeron la prevalencia de no uso de anticonceptivos. Conclusiones: Los factores socioculturales, sexuales y reproductivos asociados al no uso de anticoncepción fueron la edad de 15 a 17 años, tener parejas sexuales e hijos(AU)
Introduction: Teenage pregnancy is a public health problem in Peru; however, there is a number of sexually active adolescents without contraceptive protection. Objective: To determine the sociocultural, sexual and reproductive factors associated with the non-use of contraceptive methods in female adolescents. Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional research; a secondary base analysis of the Demographic and Family Health Survey carried out in Peru, 2019 was applied. The population consisted of 1871 women between the ages of 15 to 19 years and those who had not started their sexual life or with incomplete data were excluded. Pearson's ji-square test and Poisson Regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: 46,6 percent of adolescents did not use contraceptive methods. Non-use of contraceptive methods was associated with sociocultural factors such as age between 15 to 17 years, higher educational level, current attendance at an educational institution, reason for leaving school (p< 0,05); and sexual and reproductive factors such as: not currently having sexual partners, age of first sexual intercourse between 15 and 19 years, not having children and not living with a partner (p< 0,05). According to the multivariate analysis, being 15 to 17 years old increases the prevalence of not using contraceptive methods (RPa: 1,21 CI: 1,09-1,33). However, having sexual partners (RPa: 0,48 CI: 0,44-0,52). However, having sexual partners (RPa: 0,48 CI: 0,44-0,52) and children (RPa: 0,49 CI: 0,45-0,55) reduced the prevalence of non-use of contraceptives. Conclusions: The sociocultural, sexual and reproductive factors associated with the non-use of contraception were the age of 15 to 17 years, having sexual partners and children(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Gravidez , Adolescente , Fatores Sexuais , Fatores de Risco , Anticoncepção/métodos , Dispositivos Anticoncepcionais Femininos , Fatores Culturais , Planejamento Familiar , Fatores Sociais , Peru , Demografia/métodos , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Estudos Transversais , Determinantes Sociais da Saúde/tendênciasRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to determine the association between social and environmental indicators and high mortality rates from chronic kidney disease (CKD) in municipalities of Guatemala. An ecological study of municipal-level factors associated with CKD mortality in Guatemala was conducted. Crude mortality rates were calculated for the 2009-2019 period for each of the country's 340 municipalities, by gender and age groups. Municipal-level social and environmental indicators were used as independent variables. Linear regression was used for bivariate and multivariate analysis. A total of 28,723 deaths from CKD were documented for the 2009-2019 period. Average crude mortality rate for all ages for the country's 340 municipalities was 70.66 per 100,000 [0-502.99]. Very highly positive associations with high mortality rates were found in two agrarian territories where land use is mainly for permanent crops (e.g., sugar cane, coffee, rubber, banana, plantain, African palm) and pastures for cattle, with very low percentages of land covered by forests or protected areas. Social factors related to poverty and environmental factors related to agricultural use of land may play a role in the high CKD mortality rates documented in a cluster of municipalities of Guatemala.