RESUMO
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an ailment that causes serious damage to the productive chain, and its control through vaccination is of utmost importance for its eradication. Brazil initiated the National Foot-and-Mouth Disease Surveillance Program (PNEFA) with the aim of making the country FMD-free by 2026. As part of the program, notifications of vesicular lesions became mandatory for the Official Veterinary Service (OVS), which is responsible for verifying them. Due to its size, border areas with countries that do not have FMD-free status pose a risk to Brazil and require greater attention. This study described the profile of notifications of suspected outbreaks of vesicular syndrome in Brazil and analyzed the performance of the surveillance system. The results showed 7134 registered notifications of suspected vesicular syndrome outbreaks from 2018 to 2022, with 2022 having the highest number (n = 2343 or 32.85â¯%). The species that generated the most notifications were swine (90.99â¯%), cattle and buffaloes (7.54â¯%), goats and sheep (1.44â¯%), and others (0.03â¯%). The sources of notification were "Veterinary medicine professionals" (61.82â¯%), "Owners or employees" (13.66â¯%), "Third parties" (8.90â¯%), "OVS" (7.20â¯%), and "others" (2.66â¯%). 41.69â¯% of notifications originated from non-border municipalities, and 58.32â¯% from border areas. Only the state of Paraná account for 51.73â¯% of the total notifications. This state also accounted for 66.70â¯% of the 32.47â¯% of notifications with a final diagnosis of "absence of clinically compatible signs or susceptible animals", indicating a certain lack of knowledge in the area, leading to unnecessary notifications and system overload. The performance of the OVS was evaluated based on the service response time from notification registration trough Logistic and Negative binomial regressions. A total of 27.83â¯% of notifications did not meet the Brazilian legally specified time, and the zone related to the state of Parana needs improvements in performance. The presence and peaks of Senecavirus A cases may have influenced an increased number of swine notifications and led to a decrease in OVS response time. The results demonstrate better performance of surveillance in border areas. Given the vast territory of Brazil, it is not expected that 100â¯% of responses occur within the legal timeframe, however, the performance of the surveillance system proved to be adequate, with 86â¯% complied to the legislation. The performance indicators could be used as a monitoring tool, along with indicators to demonstrate system overload. Continued education actions are crucial for strengthening PNEFA.
Assuntos
Doenças dos Bovinos , Surtos de Doenças , Febre Aftosa , Brasil/epidemiologia , Animais , Febre Aftosa/epidemiologia , Febre Aftosa/prevenção & controle , Surtos de Doenças/veterinária , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Bovinos , Doenças dos Bovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/virologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Suínos , Notificação de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Ovinos , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Doenças dos Suínos/prevenção & controle , Vigilância da População/métodos , Doenças dos Ovinos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/virologia , Doenças dos Ovinos/prevenção & controle , Doenças das Cabras/epidemiologia , Doenças das Cabras/virologia , Doenças das Cabras/prevenção & controle , Cabras , Búfalos , Monitoramento Epidemiológico/veterináriaRESUMO
This study aims to analyze if the results from different serological assays, used alone or combined, could match the outcome of challenge infection with foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) after vaccination in cattle. Day-of-challenge sera from animals that had been vaccinated 21 days before with monovalent formulations containing inactivated A Iran 96 or A Iran 99 virus strains were used. Challenge and serology were performed with A22 Iraq strain. IgG1 titers and total-IgG avidity indexes were significantly higher in protected animals (p < 0.01) while IgG2-titers were not related to protection (p > 0.05). An IgG1 avidity ELISA was developed to analyze in one step, IgG1 levels and avidity. This assay estimated protection with 96 % accuracy. A strong agreement with challenge results was achieved (K = 0.85), suggesting a role of high-affinity IgG1 in protection against FMDV. These results support the assessment of the single dilution IgG1-Avidity ELISA to predict cross-protection in FMDV-vaccinated cattle.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais , Afinidade de Anticorpos , Doenças dos Bovinos , Proteção Cruzada , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Vírus da Febre Aftosa , Febre Aftosa , Imunoglobulina G , Vacinação , Vacinas Virais , Animais , Febre Aftosa/prevenção & controle , Febre Aftosa/imunologia , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática/métodos , Bovinos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Vírus da Febre Aftosa/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Vacinas Virais/imunologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Doenças dos Bovinos/imunologia , Proteção Cruzada/imunologia , Vacinação/métodosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Senecavirus A (SV-A) is an RNA virus that belongs to the genus Senecavirus within the family Picornaviridae. This study aimed to analyze factors that can influence the molecular diagnosis of Senecavirus A, such as oligonucleotides, RNA extraction methods, and RT-qPCR kits. METHODS: Samples from suspected cases of vesicular disease in Brazilian pigs were analyzed for foot-and-mouth disease, swine vesicular disease, and vesicular stomatitis. All tested negative for these diseases but positive for SV-A. RT-qPCR tests were used, comparing different reagent kits and RNA extraction methods. Sensitivity and repeatability were evaluated, demonstrating efficacy in detecting SV-A in clinical samples. RESULTS: In RNA extraction, significant reduction in Cq values was observed with initial dilutions, particularly with larger supernatant volumes. Trizol and Maxwell showed greater sensitivity in automated equipment protocols, though results varied in tissue tests. RT-qPCR kit comparison revealed differences in amplification using viral RNA but minimal differences with plasmid DNA. Sensitivity among methods was comparable, with slight variations in non-amplified samples. Repeatability tests showed consistent results among RT-qPCRs, demonstrating similarity between methods despite minor discrepancies in Cq values. CONCLUSIONS: Trizol, silica columns, and semi-automated extraction were compared, as well as different RT-qPCR kits. The study found significant variations that could impact the final diagnosis.
Assuntos
Infecções por Picornaviridae , Picornaviridae , RNA Viral , Doenças dos Suínos , Animais , Picornaviridae/genética , Picornaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Suínos , Infecções por Picornaviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Picornaviridae/veterinária , Infecções por Picornaviridae/virologia , RNA Viral/genética , Doenças dos Suínos/virologia , Doenças dos Suínos/diagnóstico , Sensibilidade e Especificidade , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real/métodos , Doença Vesicular Suína/diagnóstico , Doença Vesicular Suína/virologia , Febre Aftosa/diagnóstico , Febre Aftosa/virologia , Brasil , Reprodutibilidade dos TestesRESUMO
[Objective] After more than 50 years of struggle, the delegates from each COSALFA member country and the invited experts bring to the table a history of the fight against the disease in their countries, the current scenario, and the challenges that are required to maintain or advance the recognized status of free from foot-and-mouth disease, in the current context and the different strategies, for each situation. That through the discussions present the opportunity to assess current and future challenges to meet the objectives of the PHEFA Action Plan 2021-2025
Assuntos
Saúde Pública Veterinária , Congresso , Febre AftosaRESUMO
[Objetivo] Pasados más de 50 años de lucha, que los delegados de cada país miembro de la COSALFA y los expertos invitados traigan a la mesa una breve historia del combate a la enfermedad en sus países; el escenario presente y los desafíos que se imponen tanto para mantener o avanzar en el estatus reconocido de libre de fiebre aftosa, en el contexto actual y las diferentes estrategias, para cada situación. Que a través de las discusiones se presente la oportunidad para evaluar los desafíos actuales y futuros a fin de cumplir con los objetivos del Plan de Acción 2021-2025 del PHEFA.
Assuntos
Febre Aftosa , Saúde Pública Veterinária , Erradicação de Doenças , Congressos como AssuntoRESUMO
[Objetivo] Após mais de 50 anos de luta, que os delegados de cada país membro da COSALFA e os especialistas convidados tragam à mesa um histórico do combate à doença em seus países, o cenário presente e os desafios que se impõem para manter ou avançar no status reconhecido de livre de febre aftosa, no contexto atual e as diferentes estratégias, para cada situação. Que através das discussões se apresente a oportunidade para avaliação dos desafios atuais e futuros a fim de cumprir com os objetivos do Plano de Ação 2021-2025 do PHEFA
Assuntos
Febre Aftosa , Saúde Pública Veterinária , Congressos como Assunto , AméricaRESUMO
Resoluciones de la Resoluciones de la 50a COSALFA. Reunión ordinaria de la Comisión Sudamericana para la Lucha contra la Fiebre Aftosa. (Rio de Janeiro, Brasil - 25 y 26 de abril de 2024)
Assuntos
Febre Aftosa , Saúde Pública Veterinária , América do Sul , ResoluçõesRESUMO
It is acknowledged that the technical coordination and cooperation provided by PANAFTOSA/PAHO within the framework of the Hemispheric Program for the Eradication of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (PHEFA) has been decisive for the progress made and it is still necessary for the complete eradication of the disease in the continent, without jeopardizing the progress made. The PHEFA remains in effect although the region reflected its best historical record in 2023, consecutively, regarding areas recognized as free by the World Organization for Animal Health (WOAH). Additionally, the countries continue to be oriented toward the execution of the PHEFA Plan of Action 2021-2025 to complete the eradication of foot-and-mouth disease, while also seeking to strengthen prevention and the capacity of veterinary services of the countries of the continent to respond to a potential foot-and-mouth disease emergency. The funding modality of PANAFTOSA/PAHO’s technical cooperation for the PHEFA is based on PAHO’s contribution with international professionals responsible of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) area and the reference laboratory, as well as the resources obtained from the reference material supplied to the countries. Additionally, it includes a model of voluntary contributions linked to specific projects with the countries. Therefore, the aforementioned is reflected in the costs referred to for this Biennial Plan 2024-2025. The expected outcomes of the mentioned plan will contribute to the goals outlined in the PHEFA Plan of Action 2021-2025, with a priority vision from PANAFTOSA/PAHO that takes into account COSALFA resolutions, aiming to prepare the countries for the final stage of the PHEFA. Based on these guidelines, and considering the current situation, PANAFTOSA/PAHO has elaborated the present proposal of the Biennial Technical Cooperation Plan 2024-2025 to consolidate the PHEFA.
Assuntos
Saúde Pública Veterinária , Febre Aftosa , Erradicação de DoençasRESUMO
[Introducción] El informe presenta un resumen de las acciones para la erradicación y prevención de la Fiebre Aftosa (FA) en Sudamérica y Panamá, que incluye una evaluación del cumplimiento de las resoluciones de la 49ª COSALFA, celebrada el 25 de agosto de 2022, por parte de los países y del Centro Panamericano de Fiebre Aftosa y Salud Pública Veterinaria de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud/Organización Mundial de la Salud (PANAFTOSA/SPV-OPS/OMS). Además, se informa sobre las actividades generales de cooperación técnica, los resultados de acuerdos y proyectos, y los esfuerzos interinstitucionales y de colaboración con otras agencias de cooperación llevados a cabo por PANAFTOSA-OPS para apoyar a los países.
Assuntos
Febre Aftosa , Saúde Pública Veterinária , América do SulRESUMO
[Introduction] The report of the ex officio Secretariat presents a summary of the actions taken for the eradication and prevention of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) in South America and Panama during the period July 2022- December 2023. It includes an assessment of compliance with the resolutions of the 49th COSALFA, held on August 25, 2022, by the countries and the Pan American Center for Foot-and-Mouth Disease and Veterinary Public Health (PANAFTOSA/VPH-PAHO/WHO). Also, information is provided on general technical cooperation activities, the outcome of agreements and projects, and interinstitutional and collaborative efforts with other cooperation agencies undertaken by PANAFTOSA-PAHO in support of the countries. The regional situation of foot-and-mouth disease relies on the reports sent by the countries to PANAFTOSA-PAHO, and the information gathered by the Center, complemented by analyses of relevant data published in several media. The compliance with Resolutions is assessed based on the information gathered by the ex officio Secretariat within the framework of the commitments to the Hemispheric Program for the Eradication on Foot-and-Mouth Disease (PHEFA), and it can be improved with the contributions of delegates