RESUMO
To evaluate the effect of different iron dextran application programs on the performance, fecal score, and skin color of suckling piglets, as well as sow performance, 288 piglets from 24 sows were allocated to four treatments in six replications with 12 piglets per experimental unit, in a block design. The treatments were as follows: T200_000, T200_100, T200_200, and T100_100, whose respective values (in mg) corresponded to the applications of the first dose of iron dextran on the second day of life and of the second dose on the 10th day. Piglets on T200_000 and T200_200 showed the highest feed intake. In the period from 10 to 22 days, piglets receiving T100_100 exhibited the highest fecal score. On the 10th day of age, the lowest lightness (L*) value on the ear was obtained with T200_100, and the highest with T100_100. Treatments T200_000, T200_100, and T200_200 generated the highest red color (a*) intensity on the ear, whereas T100_100 provided the lowest hue and parameter b* values on the leg and snout. On the 22nd day of age, the highest b* and hue values of the ear and snout were found in the group fed T100_100. In conclusion, all evaluated programs were efficient in preventing iron deficiency anemia in newborn piglets. To reduce expenses, we recommend administering a single dose of 200 mg of iron dextran to piglets on the second day of life.(AU)
Foram utilizados 288 leitões de 24 matrizes, distribuídos em delineamento em blocos com quatro tratamentos, seis repetições, com 12 leitões por unidade experimental com objetivo de avaliar diferentes programas de aplicação de ferro dextrano sobre desempenho, escore fecal e coloração de pele de leitões em aleitamento, assim como as repercussões sobre o desempenho das matrizes. Os tratamentos consistiram em: T200_000; T200_100; T200_200; e T100_100; nos quais os valores corresponderam, respectivamente (em mg), à aplicação da primeira dose de ferro dextrano no segundo dia de vida e à aplicação da segunda dose no 10º dia. Os leitões que foram submetidos a T200_000 e a T200_200 tiveram maior consumo de ração. No período de 10 a 22 dias, os leitões de T100_100 obtiveram maior escore fecal. Ao 10º dia de idade dos leitões, o menor valor de luminosidade (L*) da orelha foi em T200_100 e o maior valor em T100_100. A maior intensidade da cor vermelha (a*) na orelha foi obtida em T200_000, T200_100 e T200_200. Na tonalidade e no parâmetro b* do pernil e do focinho, T100_100 foi aquele que apresentou menor valor. No 22º dia de idade dos leitões, o maior valor de b* e da tonalidade da orelha e do focinho foi verificado em T100_100. Conclui-se que todos os programas avaliados foram eficientes na prevenção da anemia ferropriva em leitões neonatos. Visando a redução de gastos, recomenda-se a administração de uma única dose de 200 mg de ferro dextrano no segundo dia de vida dos leitões.(AU)
Assuntos
Animais , Suínos/fisiologia , Anemia Ferropriva/prevenção & controle , Complexo Ferro-Dextran/administração & dosagem , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Hemoglobinas/efeitos adversosRESUMO
The effect of pretreated method to remove the non-collagenous protein by using alkaline and enzyme Alcalase, as well as the temperature and time for extracting on the properties of gelatin from tra catfish skin were investigated. Yields of gelatin extracted at 70 °C for 1h from pretreated skin by enzyme method (16.2%) was significantly higher than that of the sample by alkaline method (12.14%). However, the gel strength of gelatin from skin treated via enzyme Alcalase was lower than gelatin sample pretreated by alkaline while the turbidity values was higher than gelatin from skin pretreated via alkaline. From SDS-PAGE profile, gelatin from skin pretreated by alkaline consisted of two different α- chains in protein pattern while enzymatic gelatin had low molecular weight peptides. The FT-IR spectra showed the lower wavenumber in amide I and III of enzymatic gelatin in compare to alkaline gelatin by the loss of triple helical structure during enzyme treatment. From the results, the using enzyme for pretreated material has potential to replace the alkaline method for gelatin production with purpose to reduce chemical waste caused serious ecological issues.
Investigou-se o efeito do método pré-tratado para remoção da proteína não colágena com a utilização da alcalina e da enzima Alcalase, bem como a temperatura e o tempo de extração sobre as propriedades da gelatina da pele do bagre tra. O rendimento da gelatina extraída a 70 °C por 1h da pele pré-tratada pelo método enzimático (16,2%) foi significativamente superior ao da amostra pelo método alcalino (12,14%). No entanto, a força do gel da gelatina da pele tratada com a enzima Alcalase foi menor do que a amostra de gelatina pré-tratada com alcalina, enquanto os valores de turbidez foram maiores do que a gelatina da pele pré-tratada com alcalina. A partir do perfil SDS-PAGE, a gelatina da pele pré-tratada com alcalina consistia em duas cadeias α diferentes no padrão de proteína, enquanto a gelatina enzimática tinha peptídeos de baixo peso molecular. Os espectros de FT-IR mostraram o menor número de onda na amida I e III da gelatina enzimática em comparação com a gelatina alcalina pela perda da estrutura helicoidal tripla durante o tratamento enzimático. Pelos resultados obtidos, a utilização de enzimas para material pré-tratado tem potencial para substituir o método alcalino para produção de gelatina com objetivo de reduzir o desperdício químico causado por sérios problemas ecológicos.
Assuntos
Animais , Pele/enzimologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Peixes-Gato , Subtilisinas , GelatinaRESUMO
Skin wound healing is a highly complex event that involves different mediators at the cellular and molecular level. Lupeol has been reported to possess different biological activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antidiabetic, and in vitro wound healing properties, which motivated us to proceed with in vivo studies. We aimed to investigate the wound healing effect of lupeol-based cream for 3, 7, and 14 days. Wound excisions were induced on the thoraco-lumbar region of rats and topically treated immediately after injury induction. Macroscopic, histopathological, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Cytokine levels were measured by ELISA and gene expression was evaluated by real-time RT-qPCR. Our results showed a strong wound-healing effect of lupeol-based cream after 7 and 14 days. Lupeol treatment caused a reduction in proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-a, IL-1ß, and IL-6) and gene and protein NF-κB expression, and positively altered IL-10 levels, showing anti-inflammatory effects in the three treatment periods. Lupeol treatment showed involvement in the proliferative phase by stimulating the formation of new blood vessels, increasing the immunostaining of Ki-67 and gene expression, and immunolabeling of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), and increasing gene expression of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-ß1) after seven days of treatment. Lupeol was also involved in the tissue regeneration phase by increasing the synthesis of collagen fibers noted in the three treatment periods analyzed. Our findings suggest that lupeol may serve as a novel therapeutic option to treat cutaneous wounds by regulating mechanisms involved in the inflammatory, proliferative, and tissue-remodeling phases.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Colágeno/metabolismo , Citocinas/metabolismo , Fármacos Dermatológicos/uso terapêutico , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/metabolismo , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/uso terapêutico , Fitoterapia , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Cutânea , Animais , Anti-Inflamatórios/administração & dosagem , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Fármacos Dermatológicos/administração & dosagem , Fármacos Dermatológicos/farmacologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica/efeitos dos fármacos , Inflamação , Peptídeos e Proteínas de Sinalização Intercelular/genética , Antígeno Ki-67/genética , Masculino , NF-kappa B/genética , Neovascularização Fisiológica/efeitos dos fármacos , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/administração & dosagem , Triterpenos Pentacíclicos/farmacologia , RNA Mensageiro/biossíntese , RNA Mensageiro/genética , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Regeneração/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Pele/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Topical tretinoin cream is the gold standard treatment for skin ageing, particularly photoaging. The purpose of tretinoin peel was to obtain similar results, but in a shorter time, however, there have been few controlled trials on its effectiveness. OBJECTIVE: To compare efficacy and safety of tretinoin 0.05% cream and 5% as a peeling agent on photoaging and field cancerization of the forearms. METHODS: Clinical trial with therapeutic intervention, prospective, randomized (computer-generated randomization list), parallel, comparative (intrasubject) and evaluator-blinded (except for histology and immunohistochemistry), including 24 women (48 forearms) aged over 60 years who have not undergone hormone replacement and categorized as Fitzpatrick skin phototype II or III. The forearms of the participants were randomized for treatment with 0.05% tretinoin cream three nights a week, or 5% tretinoin peel every 2 weeks. The opinion of the participant, severity of photoaging, corneometry, profilometry, high-frequency ultrasound, histology (haematoxylin-eosin and Verhoeff stainings) and immunohistochemistry (p53, bcl-2, Ki67 and collagen I) were assessed. RESULTS: One participant dropped out. The mean photoaging score reduced 20% and the mean actinic keratosis (AK) count reduced 60% with no difference between treatments. Three efficacy parameters showed opposite effects between the tretinoin treatments (P < 0.05%): (i) thickness of the corneal layer decreased with 0.05% tretinoin and increased by 5%; (ii) dermis echogenicity increased by 0.05% and decreased by 5% and (iii) Ki67 expression increased by 0.05% and decreased by 5%. There was good tolerability for both regimens. CONCLUSION: Tretinoin as a cream 0.05% or peeling (5%) is safe and effective for the treatment of moderate photoaging and forearm field cancerization. The cream was superior in improving ultrasonographic parameters of ageing. Peeling was shown a superior performance in the stabilization of field cancerization.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Abrasão Química , Ceratose Actínica/tratamento farmacológico , Envelhecimento da Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Creme para a Pele/administração & dosagem , Tretinoína/administração & dosagem , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antineoplásicos/efeitos adversos , Derme/diagnóstico por imagem , Epiderme/diagnóstico por imagem , Feminino , Antebraço , Humanos , Ceratose Actínica/metabolismo , Ceratose Actínica/patologia , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Estudos Prospectivos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-bcl-2/metabolismo , Método Simples-Cego , Envelhecimento da Pele/patologia , Creme para a Pele/efeitos adversos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Tretinoína/efeitos adversos , Proteína Supressora de Tumor p53/metabolismo , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Nuñez, Denisse, Paola Olavegoya, Gustavo F. Gonzales, and Cynthia Gonzales-Castañeda. Red maca (Lepidium meyenii), a plant from the Peruvian highlands, promotes skin wound healing at sea level and at high altitude in adult male mice. High Alt Med Biol 18:373-383, 2017.-Wound healing consists of three simultaneous phases: inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Previous studies suggest that there is a delay in the healing process in high altitude, mainly due to alterations in the inflammatory phase. Maca (Lepidium meyenii) is a Peruvian plant with diverse biological properties, such as the ability to protect the skin from inflammatory lesions caused by ultraviolet radiation, as well as its antioxidant and immunomodulatory properties. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of high altitude on tissue repair and the effect of the topical administration of the spray-dried extract of red maca (RM) in tissue repair. Studies were conducted in male Balb/c mice at sea level and high altitude. Lesions were inflicted through a 10 mm-diameter excisional wound in the skin dorsal surface. Treatments consisted of either (1) spray-dried RM extract or (2) vehicle (VH). Animals wounded at high altitude had a delayed healing rate and an increased wound width compared with those at sea level. Moreover, wounding at high altitude was associated with an increase in inflammatory cells. Treatment with RM accelerated wound closure, decreased the level of epidermal hyperplasia, and decreased the number of inflammatory cells at the wound site. In conclusion, RM at high altitude generate a positive effect on wound healing, decreasing the number of neutrophils and increasing the number of macrophages in the wound healing at day 7 postwounding. This phenomenon is not observed at sea level.
Assuntos
Altitude , Lepidium , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , Administração Cutânea , Animais , Inflamação/patologia , Macrófagos , Masculino , Camundongos , Neutrófilos , Peru , Pele/lesões , Pele/patologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Unwanted side effects such as dryness, hypersensitivity, and cutaneous photosensitivity are challenge for adherence and therapeutical success for patients using treatments for inflammatory and allergic skin response. AIMS: In this study, we compared the effects of two dermatological formulations, which are used in inflammatory and/or allergic skin conditions: dexchlorpheniramine maleate (DCP; 10 mg/g) and promethazine (PTZ; 20 mg/g). METHODS: We evaluated both formulations for phototoxicity potential, skin irritation, anti-inflammatory and antihistaminic abilities, and skin barrier repair in vitro and ex vivo using the standard OECD test guideline n° 432, the ECVAM protocol n° 78, and cultured skin explants from a healthy patient. Ultraviolet A was chosen as exogenous agent to induce allergic and inflammatory response. RESULTS: Both PTZ and DCP promoted increases in interleukin-1 (IL-1) synthesis in response to ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation compared to control. However, the increase observed with PTZ was significantly greater than the DCP, indicating that the latter has a lower irritant potential. DCP also demonstrated a protective effect on UVA-induced leukotriene B4 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) synthesis. Conversely, PTZ demonstrates more robust UVA antihistaminic activity. Likewise, PTZ promoted a significantly greater increase in the production of involucrin and keratin 14, both associated with protective skin barrier property. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, these data suggest possible diverging UVA response mechanisms of DCP and PTZ, which gives greater insight into the contrasting photosensitizing potential between DCP and PTZ observed in the patients.
Assuntos
Clorfeniramina/farmacologia , Dermatite Fototóxica/metabolismo , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos H1/farmacologia , Prometazina/farmacologia , Células 3T3 , Animais , Clorfeniramina/efeitos adversos , Dermatite Fototóxica/etiologia , Dermatite Fototóxica/prevenção & controle , Dinoprostona/metabolismo , Feminino , Histamina/metabolismo , Antagonistas dos Receptores Histamínicos H1/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Interleucina-1/metabolismo , Queratina-14/metabolismo , Leucotrieno B4/metabolismo , Camundongos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Prometazina/efeitos adversos , Precursores de Proteínas/metabolismo , Pele/metabolismo , Creme para a Pele/efeitos adversos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Canais de Cátion TRPV/metabolismo , Técnicas de Cultura de Tecidos , Raios Ultravioleta/efeitos adversos , beta-Endorfina/metabolismoRESUMO
In this work, we developed an experimental apparatus to directly measure transmittance and fluorescence in the stratum corneum (SC) ex vivo. The SC transmittance varied from ~6 to ~52 % in the wavelength range of 280-850 nm. For 260-300 nm excitation, the SC autofluorescence showed a strong emission band between 290 and 425 nm, which is associated with tryptophan, and another in the 600-670 nm range, which we attributed to a process involving resonance energy transfer to very hydrophobic keratin filaments. Weaker emission associated with less hydrophobic keratin filaments was also observed in the wavelength range of 350-480 nm. Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) was incorporated into SC membranes, and its penetration was further increased by the addition of nerolidol to the treatment suspension. Both PpIX and the endogenous porphyrins showed fluorescence anisotropy consistent with their localization in SC membranes, and their molecular dynamics increased significantly in the presence of 1 % nerolidol. The emission and excitation spectra of PpIX and the endogenous SC porphyrins showed similar alterations during the photobleaching induced by 405-nm irradiation. This work also highlights the SC contribution to skin autofluorescence, which could be useful for fluorescence spectroscopy applications in the early diagnosis of skin diseases.
Assuntos
Epiderme/efeitos dos fármacos , Epiderme/metabolismo , Fluorescência , Fármacos Fotossensibilizantes/farmacologia , Protoporfirinas/metabolismo , Sesquiterpenos/farmacologia , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Animais Recém-Nascidos , Junções Intercelulares/efeitos dos fármacos , Junções Intercelulares/metabolismo , Membranas/efeitos dos fármacos , Membranas/metabolismo , Fotoquimioterapia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Espectrometria de FluorescênciaRESUMO
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is responsible for sunburns, skin cancer, photoaging, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The awareness on preventing these deleterious effects made the use of anti-UVB formulations an important part of population habits; however, despite the availability of several antioxidants capable of ROS scavenging, the pharmaceutical market lacks products associating UV filters with natural compounds of proven efficacy. Here, we investigated the effect of rutin, a flavonoid with antioxidant activity, associated with UVB filters in dermocosmetic preparations. METHODS: Formulations were assessed through its antioxidant activity, in vitro photoprotective effectiveness, photostability, and in vivo skin tolerance (hydration, transepidermal water loss, and erythema). RESULTS: Samples containing rutin were compatible with the human skin and presented a pronounced antioxidant potential, with scavenging activity values 75% higher than the ones containing only UVB filters. Although rutin could not prevent the sunscreens photodegradation post-irradiation, the bioactive compound significantly increased the formulations critical wavelengths, showing a photoprotective gain, especially in the UVA range. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the absorption in the UVA range, coupled with ROS scavenging potential, proved the positive effect of rutin applied to anti-UVB formulations, making this bioactive compound a promising candidate for photoprotection improvement.
Assuntos
Protetores contra Radiação/administração & dosagem , Rutina/administração & dosagem , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Pele/efeitos da radiação , Protetores Solares/administração & dosagem , Raios Ultravioleta/efeitos adversos , Absorção de Radiação/efeitos dos fármacos , Adulto , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Relação Dose-Resposta à Radiação , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Feminino , Filtração/métodos , Humanos , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Pele/efeitos da radiação , Absorção Cutânea/efeitos dos fármacos , Absorção Cutânea/fisiologia , Absorção Cutânea/efeitos da radiação , Perda Insensível de Água/efeitos dos fármacos , Perda Insensível de Água/fisiologia , Perda Insensível de Água/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
Skin wound healing is a complex process involving many types of cells and molecules and often results in scar tissue formation in adult mammals. However, scarless healing occurs in foetal skin and minimal scars may occur after cutaneous healing in the adult with reduced inflammation. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is widely distributed within the central nervous system and in other body regions, such as the skin, and has strong anti-inflammatory activity. The aim in the present experiments was to learn whether intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of α-MSH just before skin wounds antagonize inflammation and improves skin wound healing in adult mice. C57BL/6 young adult mice received an i.p. injection of 1 mg/kg of α-MSH and, 30 min later, two circular through-and-through holes (6.5 mm diameter) were made in their dorsal skin under anaesthesia. Control mice were wounded after vehicle injection. The wound healing process was analysed macroscopically and microscopically at 3, 7, 40 and 60 days. Skin samples were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at 5 µm, stained with H&E or toluidine blue for cell analysis or Gomori's trichrome for extracellular matrix (ECM) analysis. Other samples were fixed in DMSO+methanol, embedded in paraplast and incubated with anti-CD45, antismooth muscle actin, anticollagen-I and anticollagen-III for immunofluorescence analysis. Alpha-MSH significantly reduced the number of leucocytes, mast cells and fibroblasts at 3 and 7 days after injury. On days 40 and 60, α-MSH reduced scar area and improved the organization of the collagen fibres indicating that it may direct the healing into a more-regenerative/less-scarring pathway.
Assuntos
Hormônios/farmacologia , Pele/citologia , Cicatrização/efeitos dos fármacos , alfa-MSH/farmacologia , Animais , Cicatriz/prevenção & controle , Colágeno/efeitos dos fármacos , Colágeno/metabolismo , Colágeno/ultraestrutura , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Inflamação/prevenção & controle , Injeções Intraperitoneais , Contagem de Leucócitos , Masculino , Mastócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Pele/efeitos dos fármacos , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Pele/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Leprosy has been a challenge in different areas of medicine; in underdeveloped countries it remains a public health problem, in which the social and economic problems facilitate the disease persistence. The diagnosis and consequently the treatment are delayed due to the clinical polymorphism of leprosy, which especially at the beginning the manifestations are not as evident, as is the case of diffuse lepromatous leprosy. This favors the disabilities and the development of the reaction episodes. Fortunately, reaction episodes have decreased with the use of multidrug therapy, and better control of the type 2 reactions has been managed with the use of thalidomide, as in Lucio's phenomenon.