RESUMO

As mudanças socioeconômicas transformaram o perfil nutricional populacional, de desnutrição para obesidade. O consumo de massa alimentícia é uma das formas mais antigas de alimentação. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo a elaboração de um produto rico em fibras analisando sua composição nutricional e sua aceitabilidade. Foram elaboradas três formulações de massas alimentícias, sendo uma formulação padrão, uma com adição de brócolis e outra com brócolis acrescida de corante verde folha Tartrazina®. Realizou-se a análise bromatológica, sensorial e estatística. O resultado da análise das fibras apresentou 1,74% de fibra no macarrão integral e 1,46% no macarrão de brócolis. O macarrão que alcançou a preferência em todos os atributos foi o integral em cor natural. A massa alimentícia elaborada apresenta uma qualidade nutricional satisfatória com índices menores para o valor calórico, carboidratos, gorduras totais, colesterol e sódio, o que é recomendável a diversas patologias que necessitam da ingestão controlada desses nutrientes. Foi possível observar que a cor interferiu na aceitação do produto, pois o produto colorido obteve aceitação inferior ao alimento em cor natural.(AU)

Socioeconomic changes transformed the nutritional profile of the population, from malnutrition to obesity. Consumption of pasta is one of the oldest forms of food. In this context, the present work had the objective of elaborating a product rich in fibers analyzing its nutritional composition and its acceptability. Three pasta formulations were elaborated, one standard formulation, one with broccoli addition and one with broccoli plus Tartrazina® green leaf dye. The bromatological, sensorial and statistical analysis were carried out. The fiber analysis showed 1.74% fiber in the whole pasta and 1.46% in the broccoli pasta. The pasta that reached the preference in all attributes was the integral in natural color. The elaborated pasta presents a satisfactory nutritional quality with smaller values for the caloric value, carbohydrates, total fats, cholesterol and sodium recommended to several pathologies that needs the controlled ingestion of these nutrients. It was possible to observe that the color interfered in the acceptance of the product, because the color product obtained less acceptance than the food in natural color.(AU)

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RESUMO

As mudanças socioeconômicas transformaram o perfil nutricional populacional, de desnutrição para obesidade. O consumo de massa alimentícia é uma das formas mais antigas de alimentação. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo a elaboração de um produto rico em fibras analisando sua composição nutricional e sua aceitabilidade. Foram elaboradas três formulações de massas alimentícias, sendo uma formulação padrão, uma com adição de brócolis e outra com brócolis acrescida de corante verde folha Tartrazina®. Realizou-se a análise bromatológica, sensorial e estatística. O resultado da análise das fibras apresentou 1,74% de fibra no macarrão integral e 1,46% no macarrão de brócolis. O macarrão que alcançou a preferência em todos os atributos foi o integral em cor natural. A massa alimentícia elaborada apresenta uma qualidade nutricional satisfatória com índices menores para o valor calórico, carboidratos, gorduras totais, colesterol e sódio, o que é recomendável a diversas patologias que necessitam da ingestão controlada desses nutrientes. Foi possível observar que a cor interferiu na aceitação do produto, pois o produto colorido obteve aceitação inferior ao alimento em cor natural.

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Fibre is generally considered to dilute food energy, alter intestinal transit time and promote satiety; however, in cats, conflicting results have been found. In this study, two insoluble fibres were evaluated in four feline diets: control (no added fibre); diet with 10% sugar cane fibre; diet with 20% sugar cane fibre; and diet with 10% cellulose. The experiment was conducted with 32 cats, eight animals per diet, over 42 days: 1-7 for diet adaptation; 8-14 for total collection of faeces for digestibility; 15-17 for fresh faeces collection for fermentation products measurements; 18-20 for gastrointestinal transit time determination; 21 and 37 to evaluate the pattern of food intake; and 22 and 42 to assess satiety. Means were compared by analysis of variance and orthogonal contrasts, and the pattern of food intake was compared by repeated-measures analysis of variance (p < 0.05). The cats exhibited increased food intake after fibre addition to the diets (p < 0.05), achieving similar energy consumption. Cellulose and the two levels of sugar cane fibre reduced nutrient availability and energy digestibility, but only sugar cane fibre reduced fat digestibility (p < 0.05). Faecal output and the number of defecations per day increased with fibre inclusion (p < 0.05). Gastrointestinal transit time did not change with sugar cane fibre inclusion, but it was reduced with cellulose addition (p = 0.032). The pattern of food intake did not change, but cats fed fibre-supplemented diets exhibited greater consumption of a challenge meal, increasing energy intake (p < 0.01) when exposed to a palatable, energy-dense food.

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The main controversy about the DF definition, adopted by the commission of Codex Alimentarius, refers to the inclusion of carbohydrates of 3-9 degrees of polymerisation (DP), decision which may be made individually by the authorities of each country. Due to the possibility of having two definitions and the negative impact it would cause over the harmonisation of nutritional information, a bibliographic review was carried, from 2009 to 2011, aiming to gather justifications for the inclusion of carbohydrates of 3-9 DP in the definition. The current review presents scientific bases that are directed to three topics: physiological aspects; repercussion over the analytical method; and impact on consumers and other users. The decision of including unavailable carbohydrates of 3-9 DP in the definition of DF may cause effective global harmonisation in the nutritional labelling, considering that the main goal is to help consumers choose healthy foods.

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Se prepararon distintas formulaciones para pastelillos de chocolate (brownies) sustituyendo 15, 20 y 25% de la harina de trigo con inulina. Se evaluaron las características del batido de cada una de las formulaciones y se sometieron al proceso de horneado a 175 oC por 45 min. Después del horneado, los brownies se dejaron enfriar por 1 h y posteriormente se empacaron en charolas de poliestireno cristal y se les evaluó textura a los 1, 3, 7 y 15 días de almacenamiento a temperatura ambiente (25 oC) y 65% de humedad relativa. En base a las evaluaciones del batido y a las propiedades texturales de los brownies durante el almacenamiento, se seleccionó la formulación con 20% inulina como la mejor. Se analizó composición proximal y cuantificó fibra dietética total, soluble e insoluble, tanto al brownie control y al de 20% de inulina, como a un brownie comercial. El brownie con 20% de inulina presentó menor firmeza, gomosidad y masticabilidad que el control, mayor contenido de proteína y menor contenido de grasa (6,3 vs 26,3%) y aporte calórico (331,4 vs 467,9 kcal/100 g) con respecto al brownie comercial. El brownie con 20% de inulina mostró el doble de fibra dietética total y 22 veces más fibra soluble que el brownie control. La aceptabilidad del brownie con 20% inulina fue similar a la del brownie control. La incorporación de inulina en la elaboración de brownies permitió reducir el aporte calórico y aumentar el contenido de fibra soluble, sin afectar adversamente la textura de los pastelillos.

Formulation and elaboration of lowenergy and high fiber-containing brownies. Different formulations for chocolate pastries making (brownies) were prepared by substituting 15, 20, and 25% of the wheat flour by inulin. The batter characteristics of each formulation were evaluated and the batters were baked at 175 oC for 15 min. After baking, the brownies were allowed to cool, put into crystal polystyrene trays, and their texture after 1, 3, 7, and 15 days of storage at room temperature (25 oC) and 65% of relative humidity, was evaluated. Based on the evaluations of batter characteristics and brownies textural properties during storage, the formulation containing 20% of inulin was the best. Proximate analysis was determined, and total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber were quantified for brownies control and 20% inulin ones, as well as commercial brownies. The brownies containing 20% inulin showed lower firmness, gumminess, and masticability than the control and higher protein and lower fat content (6,3 vs 26,3%) and caloric value (331,4 vs 467.9 kcal/100 g) in comparison to the commercial brownies. The brownie with 20% inulin had twice the total dietary fiber and 22 times more soluble fiber than the brownie control. The acceptability of the brownie with 20% inulin was similar to that of the control. The incorporation of inulin in the production of brownies allowed to reduce the caloric value and to increase the soluble fiber content without adverse effects in texture of the pastries.

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RESUMO

Different formulations for chocolate pastries making (brownies) were prepared by substituting 15, 20, and 25% of the wheat flour by inulin. The batter characteristics of each formulation were evaluated and the batters were baked at 175 degrees C for 15 min. After baking, the brownies were allowed to cool, put into crystal polystyrene trays, and their texture after 1, 3, 7, and 15 days of storage at room temperature (25 degrees C) and 65% of relative humidity, was evaluated. Based on the evaluations of batter characteristics and brownies textural properties during storage, the formulation containing 20% of inulin was the best. Proximate analysis was determined, and total, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber were quantified for brownies control and 20% inulin ones, as well as commercial brownies. The brownies containing 20% inulin showed lower firmness, gumminess, and masticability than the control and higher protein and lower fat content (6,3 vs 26,3%) and caloric value (331,4 vs 467.9 kcal/100 g) in comparison to the commercial brownies. The brownie with 20% inulin had twice the total dietary fiber and 22 times more soluble fiber than the brownie control. The acceptability of the brownie with 20% inulin was similar to that of the control. The incorporation of inulin in the production of brownies allowed to reduce the caloric value and to increase the soluble fiber content without adverse effects in texture of the pastries.

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Se estudio el consumo de fibras de la dieta en cada tiempo alimentario practicado por hombres y mujeres de 20 a 50 años de edad que viven permanentemente en area urbana de la ciudad de La Paz, los primeros ingieren en promedio de 4.8 grs/24 hrs. y las segundas 4.2 grs/24 hrs. La ingesta mas abundante resulto ser en el almuerzo en proporcion del 50 por ciento de la cantidad diaria. El salvado o cascara de cereales no se utilizo corrientemente en la composicion de las dietas. La fuente mas comun fue el pan de harina blanca refinada, luego en menor frecuencia legumbres y frutas y cereales enteros. Por lo tanto, es posible concluir que este tipo de dieta refinada estaria condicionando una determinada respuesta fisiologica del tracto gastrointestinal y la tendencia al desarrollo de patologias relacionadas.

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