RESUMO
This study investigated the use of Novo Pro-D® (NPD) and Ficin (FC) as alternative proteases for the production of bioactive peptides with reduced allergenicity from whey protein concentrate (WPC). In addition, the use of high hydrostatic pressure processing as pre-treatment of WPC and its impact on the final characteristics of hydrolysates were also evaluated. NPD treatments generated hydrolysates with a 98% reduction of soluble proteins, greater in vitro antioxidant capacity, and less immunoreactivity when compared to FC ones. However, pre-treatment was an essential tool to improve WPC hydrolysis when FC was used, resulting in hydrolysates with less soluble proteins, enhanced antioxidant capacity, and less allergenicity compared with conventional hydrolysis. As for NPD, the pre-treatment of WPC improved the in vitro antioxidant capacity and resulted in a 100% reduction in immunoreactivity to ß-lactoglobulin in a shorter processing time. Importantly, bioactive peptides generated by FC displayed an improved ability to induce in vitro arterial relaxation, compared with those obtained from NPD process. Therefore, this study provides innovative evidence regarding how the proteases used for production of whey hydrolysates can improve its biological effects, and discloses the use of high hydrostatic pressure combined with enzymatic hydrolysis as a promising alternative to produce hydrolysates with improved properties.
Assuntos
Proteínas do Leite , Hidrolisados de Proteína , Antioxidantes/química , Ficina , Hidrólise , Lactoglobulinas/química , Lactoglobulinas/metabolismo , Proteínas do Leite/química , Peptídeo Hidrolases/metabolismo , Peptídeos/química , Soro do Leite , Proteínas do Soro do LeiteRESUMO
To evaluate the bleaching ability, the effect on enamel surface and cytotoxicity of novel tooth-whitening formulations containing papain, ficin, or bromelain. Forty bovine dental discs (6 cm ×4 cm) were pigmentated and randomly allocated into the following groups (n = 10): Group 1, 20 wt% carbamide peroxide (control); group 2, 1% papain-based whitening; group 3, 1% ficin-based whitening; and group 4, 1% bromelain-based whitening. The whitening gels were prepared and applied on the enamel three times per day once a week, for 4 weeks. Color measurement was obtained by CIEDE2000. Enamel Knoop microhardness and roughness were evaluated. The WST-1 assay was used to evaluate the cell viability of mouse fibroblast cells (L929). Data were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Student Newman Keuls's post hoc test at α = 0.05 significance level. Bromelain, ficin-based, and carbamide peroxide bleaching gels showed a similar color change (p < 0.001). Higher enamel hardness decrease and higher enamel roughness were caused by the carbamide peroxide (p < 0.05). The experimental whitening gels did not affect cell viability. Tooth bleaching gels containing bromelain, papain, or ficin have substantial clinical potential to be used in the development of peroxide-free tooth whitening gels.
Assuntos
Bromelaínas/uso terapêutico , Peróxido de Carbamida/uso terapêutico , Esmalte Dentário/efeitos dos fármacos , Ficina/uso terapêutico , Papaína/uso terapêutico , Clareadores Dentários/uso terapêutico , Animais , Bovinos , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cor , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Géis , Camundongos , Dente/efeitos dos fármacos , Descoloração de Dente/tratamento farmacológico , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
A droplet-based microfluidic synthesis approach for preparation of ficin capped gold nano clusters (AuNCs) was developed. Well dispersed AuNCs could be procured within 8â¯min. Upon excitation wavelength at 340â¯nm, the resultant AuNCs exhibited a strong blue fluorescence with the maximum emission at 450â¯nm. Due to the aggregation-induced "turn-off" fluorescence mechanism, the synthesized AuNCs as a fluorescent probe displayed high sensitivity and good selectivity for sensing ferric ions. The relative fluorescence intensity versus ferric ions concentration yielded a good linear calibration in the range of 10.0-1000.0⯵M (R2 = 0.998) and the limit of detection was 4.1⯵M. Moreover, the possible mechanism for abated fluorescence intensity of AuNCs by adding ferric ions was discussed briefly. Further, the as-prepared fluorescent AuNCs was successfully applied for the detection of serum ferric ions. The results indicated that the droplet-based microfluidic synthesis system could provide a new way for the rapid preparation of AuNCs with good polydispersity and have potential as the sensing probes for the analysis of ferric ions in real biological samples.
Assuntos
Compostos Férricos/sangue , Ficina/química , Corantes Fluorescentes/química , Ouro/química , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Ficina/metabolismo , Humanos , Íons/sangue , Técnicas Analíticas Microfluídicas , Tamanho da Partícula , Espectrometria de Fluorescência , Propriedades de SuperfícieRESUMO
The action of reducing, oxidizing and thiol-alkylating agents on early steps of Junin virus (JV) multiplication in Vero cells was investigated. The presence of reducing agents during virus adsorption as well as incubation of viral particles with these compounds before infection enhanced JV infectivity. On the contrary, the thiol-alkylating agent 5,5' dithiobis (2-nitrobenzoic acid) and the oxidizing compound potassium periodate showed an inhibitory effect, suggesting that sulfhydryl groups, and certain sugar moieties of viral glycoproteins play an important role in the first steps of JV infection. Also enzymatic treatment of cell monolayers and addition of concanavalin A to cultures prior to infection suggest that cellular glycoproteins are involved in virus attachment.
Assuntos
Alquilantes/farmacologia , Vírus Junin/efeitos dos fármacos , Vírus Junin/fisiologia , Oxidantes/farmacologia , Substâncias Redutoras/farmacologia , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Chlorocebus aethiops , Concanavalina A/farmacologia , Ácido Ditionitrobenzoico/farmacologia , Ditiotreitol/farmacologia , Ficina/farmacologia , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/fisiologia , Mercaptoetanol/farmacologia , Ácido Periódico/farmacologia , Compostos de Potássio/farmacologia , Receptores Virais/efeitos dos fármacos , Receptores Virais/fisiologia , Reagentes de Sulfidrila/farmacologia , Fosfolipases Tipo C/farmacologia , Células Vero , Virulência/efeitos dos fármacos , Virulência/fisiologiaAssuntos
Aorta Abdominal/cirurgia , Prótese Vascular , Artérias Carótidas/transplante , Animais , Aneurisma Aórtico/etiologia , Prótese Vascular/efeitos adversos , Artérias Carótidas/efeitos dos fármacos , Bovinos , Feminino , Ficina/farmacologia , Masculino , Preservação de Órgãos , Pepsina A/farmacologia , Ratos , Ratos Endogâmicos , Amido/análogos & derivados , Amido/farmacologia , Transplante HeterólogoRESUMO
Tomado de The Journal American Medical Association, ene. 30, 1937, p. 386