RESUMO
The use of anesthetic agents in the management of fish in fish farming or ornamental fish breeding aims to minimize stress and promote animal welfare. Therefore, this study aims to investigate behavioral, electrocardiographic, and ventilatory characteristics of tambaquis exposed to anesthetic baths with etomidate. The study was conducted with juvenile tambaquis (27.38 ± 3.5g) n = 99, at etomidate concentrations of 2-4 mg.L -1, analyzing induction and anesthetic recovery behavior (experiment I), electrocardiogram (experiment II), and opercular movement (experiment III). Fish exposed to high concentrations of etomidate reached the stage of general anesthesia faster, however, the recovery time was longer, characterizing a dose-dependent relationship. Cardiorespiratory analyzes demonstrated a reduction in heart rate (69.19%) and respiratory rate (40.70%) depending on the concentration of etomidate used during anesthetic induction. During the recovery period, there was cardiorespiratory reversibility to normality. Therefore, etomidate proved to be safe as an anesthetic agent for this species at concentrations of 2 to 3 mg.L -1 for short-term anesthesia, but at higher doses the animals showed slow reversibility of anesthesia in a gradual manner and without excitability. The hemodynamic effect due to the rapid decrease in heart rate includes a negative factor of using higher concentrations of etomidate for Colossome macropomum anesthesia.
Assuntos
Comportamento Animal , Etomidato , Frequência Cardíaca , Etomidato/farmacologia , Animais , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Eletrocardiografia/efeitos dos fármacos , Caraciformes/fisiologia , Anestésicos/farmacologia , Anestesia/métodos , Anestésicos Intravenosos/farmacologia , Fenômenos Eletrofisiológicos/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of levosimendan as an alternative treatment for pediatric patients with decompensated heart failure unresponsive to conventional inotropes and to emphasize its role in enhancing cardiovascular stability. METHODS: A total of 15 pediatric patients with decompensated heart failure, stemming from acute fulminant myocarditis (53.3%) and post-congenital heart disease surgery complications (46.7%), received levosimendan. The evaluation focused on adverse effects, respiratory support requirements, and concurrent inotropic medication use during levosimendan treatment. Key cardiovascular parameters were assessed at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h post-levosimendan infusion. RESULTS: Levosimendan administration significantly improved key cardiovascular metrics. Left ventricular ejection fraction increased notably from 45±14.8% to 58±15.6% at 24 h (p<0.001). Systolic and diastolic blood pressures rose significantly, with systolic increasing from 79 (68-90) to 98 (89-109) mmHg and diastolic from 47 (40-57) to 66 (54-76) mmHg by 24 h (p<0.001). Heart rate decreased from 162 (111-175) to 132 (99-148) bpm (p=0.02), and lactate levels significantly decreased from 4.15 (2.3-6.5) to 1.85 (0.8-2.6) mmol/L within 6 h (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Levosimendan demonstrates its significance in managing pediatric heart failure, indicating its safety and potential to enhance cardiac outcomes by reducing reliance on traditional inotropes.
Assuntos
Cardiotônicos , Insuficiência Cardíaca , Hidrazonas , Piridazinas , Simendana , Humanos , Simendana/uso terapêutico , Insuficiência Cardíaca/tratamento farmacológico , Cardiotônicos/uso terapêutico , Piridazinas/uso terapêutico , Piridazinas/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Feminino , Hidrazonas/uso terapêutico , Pré-Escolar , Criança , Resultado do Tratamento , Lactente , Adolescente , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Miocardite/tratamento farmacológico , Fatores de Tempo , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Volume Sistólico/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to verify the association between angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) genotypes DD, DI, and II and caffeine (CAF) ingestion on endurance performance, heart rate, ratio of perceived exertion (RPE), and habitual caffeine intake (HCI) of adolescent athletes. Seventy-four male adolescent athletes (age: DD=16±1.7; DI=16±2.0; II=15±1.7 years) ingested CAF (6 mg/kg) or placebo (PLA) one hour before performing the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 1 (Yo-Yo IR1) test. No difference was found among groups for HCI. However, CAF increased the maximal distance covered and VO2max in DI and II genotype carriers compared to PLA (DD: Δ=31 m and 0.3 mL·kg-1·min-1; DI: Δ=286 m and 1.1 mL·kg-1·min-1; II: Δ=160 m and 1.4 mL·kg-1·min-1). Heart rate of DI and II genotype carriers increased with CAF compared to PLA, while RPE was higher in the II and lower in the DD genotypes. The correlations between HCI and maximal distance covered or VO2max were significant in the II genotype carriers with CAF. CAF increased endurance capacity, heart rate, and RPE in adolescent athletes with allele I, while endurance performance and aerobic power had a positive correlation to HCI in the II genotype group. These findings suggested that DD genotype were less responsive to CAF and that genetic variations should be taken into account when using CAF supplementation to enhance exercise performance.
Assuntos
Atletas , Cafeína , Genótipo , Frequência Cardíaca , Peptidil Dipeptidase A , Esforço Físico , Humanos , Adolescente , Masculino , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Cafeína/administração & dosagem , Esforço Físico/fisiologia , Peptidil Dipeptidase A/genética , Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Resistência Física/efeitos dos fármacos , Resistência Física/genética , Polimorfismo Genético/genética , Brasil , Consumo de Oxigênio/genética , Consumo de Oxigênio/efeitos dos fármacos , Substâncias para Melhoria do Desempenho/administração & dosagemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) and sudden cardiac death (SCD) is significantly higher in individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) than in the general population. Strategies for the prevention of fatal arrhythmias are often insufficient, highlighting the need for additional non-invasive diagnostic tools. The T-wave heterogeneity (TWH) index measures variations in ventricular repolarization and has emerged as a promising predictor for severe ventricular arrhythmias. Although the EMPA-REG trial reported reduced cardiovascular mortality with empagliflozin, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates the potential of empagliflozin in mitigating cardiac electrical instability in patients with T2DM and coronary heart disease (CHD) by examining changes in TWH. METHODS: Participants were adult outpatients with T2DM and CHD who exhibited TWH > 80 µV at baseline. They received a 25 mg daily dose of empagliflozin and were evaluated clinically including electrocardiogram (ECG) measurements at baseline and after 4 weeks. TWH was computed from leads V4, V5, and V6 using a validated technique. The primary study outcome was a significant (p < 0.05) change in TWH following empagliflozin administration. RESULTS: An initial review of 6,000 medical records pinpointed 800 patients for TWH evaluation. Of these, 412 exhibited TWH above 80 µV, with 97 completing clinical assessments and 90 meeting the criteria for high cardiovascular risk enrollment. Empagliflozin adherence exceeded 80%, resulting in notable reductions in blood pressure without affecting heart rate. Side effects were generally mild, with 13.3% experiencing Level 1 hypoglycemia, alongside infrequent urinary and genital infections. The treatment consistently reduced mean TWH from 116 to 103 µV (p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The EMPATHY-HEART trial preliminarily suggests that empagliflozin decreases heterogeneity in ventricular repolarization among patients with T2DM and CHD. This reduction in TWH may provide insight into the mechanism behind the decreased cardiovascular mortality observed in previous trials, potentially offering a therapeutic pathway to mitigate the risk of severe arrhythmias in this population. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT: 04117763.
Assuntos
Compostos Benzidrílicos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Glucosídeos , Inibidores do Transportador 2 de Sódio-Glicose , Humanos , Compostos Benzidrílicos/uso terapêutico , Compostos Benzidrílicos/efeitos adversos , Glucosídeos/uso terapêutico , Glucosídeos/efeitos adversos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Inibidores do Transportador 2 de Sódio-Glicose/uso terapêutico , Inibidores do Transportador 2 de Sódio-Glicose/efeitos adversos , Idoso , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/mortalidade , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/tratamento farmacológico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/fisiopatologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Fatores de Tempo , Potenciais de Ação/efeitos dos fármacos , Arritmias Cardíacas/mortalidade , Arritmias Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Arritmias Cardíacas/fisiopatologia , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Doença das Coronárias/mortalidade , Doença das Coronárias/fisiopatologia , Doença das Coronárias/tratamento farmacológico , Doença das Coronárias/diagnóstico , Eletrocardiografia , Fatores de RiscoAssuntos
Alopecia , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial , Pressão Sanguínea , Frequência Cardíaca , Minoxidil , Humanos , Minoxidil/administração & dosagem , Minoxidil/efeitos adversos , Feminino , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Alopecia/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto , Masculino , Fatores de Tempo , Resultado do Tratamento , Administração Oral , Eletrocardiografia Ambulatorial , Vasodilatadores/administração & dosagem , Vasodilatadores/efeitos adversosRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to characterize the activity of essential oils from Nepeta Cataria (EON) at concentrations of 125 µ L L-1, 150 µ L L-1, 175 µ L L-1, and 200 µ L L-1 on the behavior of loss of the posture reflex and recovery of the posture reflex and electrocardiographic activity and recording of the opercular beat of Colossoma macropomum during immersion bathing for a period of 5 min, in order to obtain a window for safe use during anesthesia. The fish (23.38 ± 3.5 g) were assigned to the following experiments: experiment 1 (latency to loss and recovery of the posture reflex): (a) 125 µ L L-1, (b) 150 µ L L-1, (c) 175 µ L L-1, and (d) 200 µ L L-1 (n = 9) per group. Experiment 2 (electrocardiographic and heartbeat recordings): (a) control group; (b) vehicle control group (2 ml of alcohol per liter of water), (c) 125 µ L L-1, (d) 150 µ L L-1, (e) 175 µ L L-1, and (f) 200 µ L L-1 (n = 9), per group. All the concentrations used showed efficacy in inducing loss of the posture reflex and reversibility with recovery of the posture reflex, but the electrocardiographic recordings indicated morphographic changes such as bradycardia during induction and p wave apiculation during recovery at the highest concentrations tested. In this way, we suggest a safe use window for short-term anesthesia with EON in the concentration range of 125 to 150 µ L L-1 for juvenile Colossoma macropomum.
Assuntos
Nepeta , Animais , Nepeta/química , Anestesia/veterinária , Óleos Voláteis/farmacologia , Óleos Voláteis/administração & dosagem , Comportamento Animal/efeitos dos fármacos , Caraciformes/fisiologia , Eletrocardiografia/veterinária , Óleos de Plantas/farmacologia , Óleos de Plantas/administração & dosagem , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , ImersãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have been inconsistent in demonstrating beneficial cardiovascular effects of vitamin D supplementation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on central hemodynamic parameters and autonomic activity in obese/overweight individuals with low vitamin D levels (<30ng/dl). METHODS: Adults 40-65 years old with body mass index ≥25<40 kg/m2 were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial (NCT05689632). Central hemodynamics was assessed using the oscillometric method (Mobil-O-Graph®), and heart rate variability using a Polar heart rate monitor (Kubios® software). Patients (n=53) received a placebo in the control group (CO, n=25) or vitamin D3 (VD, n=28) 7000 IU/day, and were evaluated before (W0) and after 8 weeks (W8) with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: The groups were homogeneous regarding age (51±6 vs 52±6 years, p=0.509) and vitamin D levels (22.8±4.9 vs 21.7±4.5ng/ml, p=0.590). At W8, the VD group had significantly higher levels of vitamin D (22.5 vs 35.6ng/ml, p<0.001). Only the VD group showed a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP; 123±15 vs 119±14mmHg, p=0.019) and alkaline phosphatase (213±55 vs 202±55mg/dl, p=0.012). The CO group showed an increase in augmentation pressure (AP: 9 vs 12 mmHg, p=0.028) and augmentation index (AIx: 26 vs 35%, p=0.020), which was not observed in the VD group (AP: 8 vs 8 mmHg, AIx: 26 vs 25%, p>0.05). VD group showed an increase in the parasympathetic nervous system index (PNSi) (-0.64±0.94 vs -0.16±1.10, p=0.028) and the R-R interval (866±138 vs 924±161 ms, p= 0.026). CONCLUSION: In this sample, eight weeks of daily vitamin D supplementation resulted in an improvement in blood pressure levels and autonomic balance.
FUNDAMENTO: Estudos prévios têm sido inconsistentes em demonstrar efeitos cardiovasculares benéficos da suplementação de vitamina D. OBJETIVO: Avaliar efeitos da suplementação de vitamina D3 sobre parâmetros hemodinâmicos centrais e atividade autonômica em indivíduos obesos/sobrepeso e baixos níveis de vitamina D (<30ng/dl). MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico prospectivo, randomizado, duplo-cego (NCT05689632), adultos 40-65 anos com índice de massa corporal ≥25<40 kg/m2. Hemodinâmica central avaliada por método oscilométrico (Mobil-O-Graph®), variabilidade da frequência cardíaca utilizando frequencímetro Polar (software Kubios®). Os pacientes (n=53) receberam placebo no grupo controle (CO, n=25) ou vitamina D3 (VD, n=28) 7000 UI/dia, avaliados antes (S0) e após 8 semanas (S8) com nível de significância de 0,05. RESULTADOS: Os grupos foram homogêneos na idade (51±6 vs. 52±6 anos, p=0,509) e níveis de vitamina D (22,8±4,9 vs. 21,7±4,5ng/ml, p=0,590). Na S8, o grupo VD apresentou níveis significativamente maiores de vitamina D (22,5 vs. 35,6ng/ml, p<0,001). Apenas o grupo VD mostrou redução significativa da pressão arterial sistólica (PAS; 123±15 vs. 119±14mmHg, p=0,019) e fosfatase alcalina (213±55 vs. 202±55mg/dl, p=0,012). O grupo CO mostrou elevação da pressão de aumento (AP: 9 vs. 12mmHg, p=0,028) e do índice de incremento (Aix: 26 vs. 35%, p=0,020), o que não foi observado no grupo VD (AP: 8 vs. 8mmHg, Aix: 26 vs. 25%, p>0,05). Grupo VD apresentou aumento no índice do sistema nervoso (iSN) parassimpático (-0,64±0,94 vs. -0,16±1,10, p=0,028) e no intervalo R-R (866±138 vs. 924±161ms, p=0,026). CONCLUSÃO: Nesta amostra, a suplementação diária de vitamina D durante oito semanas resultou em melhora dos níveis pressóricos, parâmetros hemodinâmicos centrais e do equilíbrio autonômico.
Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso Autônomo , Colecalciferol , Suplementos Nutricionais , Frequência Cardíaca , Hemodinâmica , Obesidade , Sobrepeso , Vitamina D , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Método Duplo-Cego , Adulto , Hemodinâmica/efeitos dos fármacos , Estudos Prospectivos , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Obesidade/complicações , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Idoso , Colecalciferol/administração & dosagem , Sobrepeso/fisiopatologia , Sobrepeso/complicações , Vitamina D/sangue , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Deficiência de Vitamina D/fisiopatologia , Deficiência de Vitamina D/tratamento farmacológico , Deficiência de Vitamina D/complicações , Índice de Massa Corporal , Vitaminas/administração & dosagem , Vitaminas/uso terapêutico , Fatores de Tempo , Valores de Referência , Estatísticas não ParamétricasRESUMO
A functional lateralization has been reported in control of emotional responses by the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). However, a hemisphere asymmetry in involvement of the mPFC in expression of fear conditioning responses has never been reported. Therefore, we investigated whether control by mPFC of freezing and cardiovascular responses during re-exposure to an aversively conditioned context is lateralized. For this, rats had guide cannulas directed to the mPFC implanted bilaterally or unilaterally in the right or left hemispheres. Vehicle or the non-selective synaptic inhibitor CoCl2 was microinjected into the mPFC 10 min before re-exposure to a chamber where the animals had previously received footshocks. A catheter was implanted into the femoral artery before the fear retrieval test for cardiovascular recordings. We observed that bilateral microinjection of CoCl2 into the mPFC reduced both the freezing behavior (enhancing locomotion and rearing) and arterial pressure and heart rate increases during re-exposure to the aversively conditioned context. Unilateral microinjection of CoCl2 into the right hemisphere of the mPFC also decreased the freezing behavior (enhancing locomotion and rearing), but without affecting the cardiovascular changes. Conversely, unilateral synaptic inhibition in the left mPFC did not affect either behavioral or cardiovascular responses during fear retrieval test. Taken together, these results suggest that the right hemisphere of the mPFC is necessary and sufficient for expression of freezing behavior to contextual fear conditioning. However, the control of cardiovascular responses and freezing behavior during fear retrieval test is somehow dissociated in the mPFC, being the former bilaterally processed.
Assuntos
Cobalto , Medo , Lateralidade Funcional , Córtex Pré-Frontal , Animais , Córtex Pré-Frontal/fisiologia , Córtex Pré-Frontal/efeitos dos fármacos , Masculino , Cobalto/farmacologia , Medo/fisiologia , Medo/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Lateralidade Funcional/fisiologia , Lateralidade Funcional/efeitos dos fármacos , Emoções/fisiologia , Emoções/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos Wistar , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Microinjeções , Condicionamento Clássico/fisiologia , Condicionamento Clássico/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Objective: To assess the impact of intravascular laser irradiation of blood (ILIB) on the primitive carotid artery (PCA) hemodynamic variables, specifically blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR), in mastectomized patients undergoing hormone blocker treatments. Materials and methods: This study is a controlled, experimental, and randomized clinical trial. Patients were allocated into two groups: the experimental group (G1)-patients who received ILIB therapy using a 660 nm laser targeted at the PCA, and the control group (G2)-patients who did not receive ILIB therapy. Clinical research was conducted weekly, with measurements of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and HR. The Mann-Whitney U test for independent samples was used, with a significance level of α = 0.05. Results: Systemic photobiomodulation on the PCA did not demonstrate a statistically significant difference in relation to SBP and DBP. However, for HR, the p-value was <0.05, indicating a significant difference between G1 and G2. The initial mean p > decreased from 142.3 to 116.4 mmHg in G1, and from 130.4 to 119.8 mmHg in G2. The DBP varied from 78.8 to 72.8 mmHg in G1, and from 79.1 to 74.2 mmHg in G2. A statistically significant difference was observed in HR, decreasing from 81.3 to 62.06 bpm in G1, and changing minimally from 74.1 to 75.1 bpm in G2. A considerable reduction was present in the timing of application. Conclusions: ILIB therapy applied to the PCA induces a reduction in BP and, more notably, HR in mastectomized women using the tamoxifen or aromatase inhibitors.
Assuntos
Pressão Sanguínea , Frequência Cardíaca , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Mastectomia , Humanos , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos da radiação , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos da radiação , Adulto , Idoso , Artérias Carótidas/efeitos da radiaçãoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: The impacts of antidepressant pharmacotherapies on cardiovascular risk are unclear. We completed a systematic review with meta-analysis to assess the effect of paroxetine on heart rate variability (HRV) in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS: The searches were accomplished via EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed (using the National Library of Medicine), Cochrane Library, CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. We included non-blind, single, or double-blind randomized control trials in patients older than 18 diagnosed with MDD. Paroxetine needs to be enforced as a chronic therapeutic medication. We included individual studies that investigated resting HRV. RESULTS: We documented 402 studies, only following screening and eligibility phases; only six were included (five studies in the meta-analysis). No significant change was noticed for the SDNN index: subtotal = 8.23 [CI: -2.17, 18.63], p = 0.12, I2 = 54 % (very low quality of evidence). A significant change was distinguished for the LF index: subtotal = 0.74 [CI: 0.33, 1.15], p = 0.0004, I2 = 0 % (low quality of evidence). A significant alteration was perceived for the HF index: subtotal = 0.33 [CI: 0.06, 0.6], p = 0.02, I2 = 0 % (low quality of evidence). CONCLUSION: Meta-analysis demonstrated that paroxetine could advance HRV in MDD patients. Nevertheless, our supposition is founded only on statistical analysis and the very low quality of evidence breakdown reinforces the necessity for further studies to confirm or reject this theory.