RESUMO
Actually, arterial hypertension is a major public health concern, which involves the renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAS), via activation of the angiotensin receptors AT1 and AT2 of the cardiovascular system. Although angiotensin is an important stimulant of the gut permeability to sodium and water, little is known about the effects of arterial hypertension on gut motor behavior. Thus, we evaluated in rats the effect of hypertension induced by two-kidney one-clip (2K1C) model on the gastric motility, as well as the influence of exercise and RAS blockers treatment in such phenomenon. One week after surgery the rats were treated with Aliskiren (50â¯mg·kg-1, p.o.), Captopril (50â¯mg·kg-1, p.o.) or Losartan (10â¯mg·kg-1, p.o). Other group of rats was submitted to swimming with 5% body weight overload. After 4â¯weeks of physical training or pharmacological treatment, we assessed the gastric retention in all groups (GR) of a liquid test meal, the mean arterial pressure (MAP), the heart rate (HR) and the HR variation (HRV) as well as the in vitro contractility of gastric fundus. Renovascular hypertension increased (pâ¯<â¯0.05) the GR, MAP and HR, a phenomenon prevented by pretreatment with RAS blockers or exercise. The two kidney one-clip Hypertension (2K1C) decreased (pâ¯<â¯0.05) the gastric fundus responsiveness, a phenomenon also prevented by exercise. It conclusion, renovascular hypertension delays the gastric emptying of liquids, a phenomenon involving the activation of RAS, where exercise or blockade with aliskiren, captopril and losartan prevent gastric dysmotility.
Assuntos
Anti-Hipertensivos/farmacologia , Esvaziamento Gástrico/fisiologia , Gastroparesia/terapia , Hipertensão Renovascular/complicações , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Sistema Renina-Angiotensina/efeitos dos fármacos , Angiotensina II/metabolismo , Animais , Terapia Combinada , Esvaziamento Gástrico/efeitos dos fármacos , Gastroparesia/etiologia , Gastroparesia/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratos , Ratos WistarRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Diabetic gastroparesis is a common complication of diabetes mellitus, which mainly affects women. Previous studies have demonstrated that oxidative stress is involved in its onset and development. AIMS: This study evaluated the role of vitamin C on diabetes-associated gastric dysmotility. METHODS: Female rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes were treated with vehicle (water, 1 mL/kg, p.o.), vitamin C (300 mg/kg/day, p.o.), or insulin (6 IU/day, s.c.). Gastric emptying, in vitro gastric contractility, and biochemistry parameters were analyzed at the end of the treatment (i.e. 8 weeks after the diabetes induction). RESULTS: Vitamin C reversed the delayed gastric emptying of diabetic rats to normal levels, and avoided the changes in the contractile responses to acetylcholine (0.1 nM-1 µM), but not to 5-hydroxytryptamine (0.1 nM-1 µM), in the pylorus and fundus from diabetic rats. Moreover, the contraction evoked by KCl (40 mM) in the fundus, but not in the pylorus, was intensely increased in diabetic rats treated with vitamin C. Notably, the vitamin C reestablished the reduced glutathione levels by 77% and decreased the reactive oxygen species content by 60% in the gastric tissue from diabetic rats. Despite the effects on gastric motility, vitamin C treatment did not change the fasting glycaemia or the glycated hemoglobin of diabetic rats. Unsurprisingly, insulin treatment normalized all parameters evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin C exhibited a remarkable beneficial effect on gastric emptying dysfunction in diabetic rats, which was mediated by attenuation of oxidative stress and maintenance of the cholinergic contractile responses in fundus and pylorus.
Assuntos
Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Ácido Ascórbico/uso terapêutico , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/tratamento farmacológico , Esvaziamento Gástrico/efeitos dos fármacos , Gastroparesia/tratamento farmacológico , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Ácido Ascórbico/farmacologia , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus Experimental/fisiopatologia , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Feminino , Esvaziamento Gástrico/fisiologia , Gastroparesia/metabolismo , Gastroparesia/fisiopatologia , Estresse Oxidativo/fisiologia , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/antagonistas & inibidores , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio/metabolismo , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Antecedentes. Entre sus múltiples complicaciones, el síndrome metabólico diabetes mellitus afecta el sistema nervioso periférico. Objetivo. Demostrar el papel de la gastroparesia en las variaciones de la glucemia posterior a la ingestión de alimentos y su posible papel dentro del descontrol metabólico del paciente diabético. Material y métodos. Determinamos la relación entre el vaciamiento gástrico y el control metabólico, así como el papel de la gastroparesia diabética en las variaciones de la glucemia posprandial. Estudio prospectivo, observacional, para comparar el vaciamiento gástrico y la glucemia prosprandial en 10 pacientes sanos, 10 diabéticos sin gastroparesia y 10 diabéticos con gastroparesia, mediante gammagrama Tc99. Resultados. Se demostró una clara relación entre la alteración en el vaciamiento gástrico y la hiperglucemia posprandial sostenida y tardía. Conclusiones. Es posible que exista una relación entre el vaciamiento gástrico alterado y el descontrol metabólico en pacientes diabéticos con neuropatía autonómica grave